决战高考英语专题讲义倒装

1、学习必备欢迎下载决战 2011 高考英语专题讲义倒装主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序， 又分全部倒装语和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。1 全部倒装：1）。 There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除外还可用live, happen, exist, remain, stand等等作这类句型的谓语：There are many students in the classroom.Long , long ago there lived a king who loved horses ve

2、ry much.There happened to be no body in the bedroom when the fire broke out.There lies a large Greenland in front of the house .2）。 Here/there/now vi （常为 come ,go）主语（必须是名词）此句型中here/there used for drawing attention to something/somebody （用来唤起注意）喂，注意了Here comes Mary. I can see Mary coming.There goes t

3、he bell. 铃响了。 I can hear the bell ringing.Here comes the bus.汽车来了。There he comes.他来了。这时句中不能用正在进行时here 句中也可用系动词Here is John. You say that when you see John arrive 。Here are some story books I want. Here is what you asked for, or you are looking for.这就是我要的故事书。（我找了好久）Here we are. This is the station. 咱

4、们到了，这就是火车站。“Give me some paper .” “ Here you are.”“给我点纸。 ” “给你。”3).then 引起谓语为come, follow 的句子Then came a new difficulty.然后产生了一个新的困难。Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War. 接着是八年抗战。4).out, in, up ,down, away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长， 也就是说主语不能是很学习必备欢迎下载短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go, run ,rush, etc 。句式为

5、：副词vi 主语（必须是名词）Away went the boy.Away they went.Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.In came the rose fragrance through the windows.5).介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语vi主语（必须是名词）In the middle of our school stands a high building.From the distance came occasional barks.6).表语

6、放在句首，表语常为形容词，分词，副词，介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）Every important in the farms life is the radio weather report.Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.Seriously damaged in the earth

7、quake was the white building in the city.Playing the guitar on the playground are the students from class five and class three.On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.South of city are two big lakes.7) 直接引语中间或后面表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）:“They must be in the fields now, ” thought Xiao Lin.

8、 “他们准是下地了。 ”小林想道。 “Help! Help! ” cried the little girl. 小姑娘叫道： “救命！救命！ ”如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面：“Take your seats, gentlemen,” Wilson shouted 。 威尔逊嚷道： “先生们坐好。” “ That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper. 小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。”2部分倒装1）。 only 副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句Only then did I real

9、ize the importance of English.Only in this way can you make progress in your English.学习必备欢迎下载Only when the war was over in1918 was he able to get happily back to work.注意在 only 状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。 only 修饰主语，不倒装。 Only Tom knows the answer.2）。否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒，：表示否定意义的副词never, nor， neither, 表示半否

10、定意义的副词hardly ，few, seldom, little,含有 no 和 not 的词组 by no means（决不）, inno time（很快） , at no time（在任何时候都不） ，（在任何情况下都不）not until, not only butalso, no sooner than hardly when scarcely when即“否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他”。Never have I been in this city.Little/Seldom do I watch TV.Not until I began to work did I realize

11、 how much time I had wasted.注意关联词的搭配前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。3）以so 开头 ,用 “ so助动词 /情态动词 /系动词主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物， 译作 “也， 同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用 “ neither/nor 助动词 /情态动词 /系动词主语” 。 译作“也不是，也没有” 。The boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.Society has changed and so have the people in it.社会变了人也

12、变了。 I don t think I can walk any further. Neither can I. Let s stop for a rest.注意当 so 表示对前句内容的肯定、附和，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时译作“的确，正是”应用自然语序： Tom works hard. So he does and so do you.倒装部分的助动词，情态动词， 连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致，主谓一致的变化要与后面主语相呼应。If you don t go, neither/nor shall I. （ If you don t go, I shall not

13、 go. ）注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类 型 的 动 词 时 可 用 ： Itisthesame withsomething/somebody或Soitiswithsomething/somebody.学习必备欢迎下载I like English very much, but I don t like physics. It is the same with my brother.She does well in English, but is poor in maths. So it is with Lucy.Marx was born

14、in Germany and German was his native language. It was the same with Engles4） .引导让步状语从句表语/状语 /动词原形 as主语其他.Clever as he is, he doesn t study well.Child as he is , he knows a lot.Much as I like it, I won t buy it .Try as she might , she failed.Try as he would, he might fail again.Hard as he tried, he d

15、idn t succeed.注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略5） so adj /adv 放在句首 :So afraid was he in the darkness that he didn t dare to move an itch.So loudly did he speak that every could hear him.6). 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should , were 可以把 if 省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒转装If it hadn t been for their help, we couldn t have finished th

16、e work on time. Hadnt it been fortheir help, we couldn t have finished the work on time.If there should be a flood, what would we do? Should there be a flood, what would we do?7). 频度副词及短语often, always, now and then , many a time , every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装：Many a time has he come to comfort me.Ofte

17、n did he warn themnot to do so.8). 某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序：May you succeed . 祝你成功！Long live the Communist Party of China!共产党万岁！倒装 2英语句子的正常语序(NormalOrder) 是主语放在谓语动词前。如果句子的谓语动词位于学习必备欢迎下载主语之前， 这种语序被称作倒装语序(Inverted Order) 。倒装语序有全部倒装和部分倒装两种。一般说来，英语中有两种情况需要使用倒装句：一种是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，另一种是由于修辞需要而进行的倒装。1) 语法倒装疑问句中的倒装。例

18、：Is it necessary to keep the brushes in water?How can we find out who are using these computers?在 there be (或 there 十其他表示状态的动词) 结构中的倒装例：There are a lot of people in the room There stands a weather station at the top of the hill 在以 here， there， now， then 等引起的句子中，动词是be， come， go 等时，常用倒装形式以引起注意。例：There

19、 goes the bell ！Now comes your turn 如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。例：Here we are在 so， nor， neither 开头的句子中，须用倒装语序。例：All animals need air and so do plants If you won t go， neither shall I.2)修辞倒装具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，担任状语时，要用倒装。常见的词有：never，seldom，1ittle ，hardly，not until 等。另外，含有否定意义的关联词 neither (nor) ， no sooner (than) ，h

20、ardly when， not only (but also) 等位于句首时也须用倒装。例：Never have I dreamed of it Not Until midnight did it stop rainingHardly had he arrived when he started complaining Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quite, beautiful place as 引导的让步状语从句中，要用倒装语序。例：Old as he was, he studied English hard.Brave as

21、 they were , the danger made them afraid 学习必备欢迎下载注： though 引导的让步状语从句中，也可用倒装语序。 为 了 生 动 地 描 写 动 作 ， 在in ， out ， away ， up ， down ， off等 副 词 开 头 的句子中常用倒装语序。例：Up went the rocket into the air.Following a roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.在此结构中，当主语是代词时，用正常语序。例：Away they went. / Down it flew.

22、当“ only + 状语”用于句首表示强调时，要用倒装语序，如果不在句首，则用正常语序。例：Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation there.Only when we had a talk with him did we come to know that he was aJapanese . 当“so (such) . that"结构中的so, such放在句首加强语气时，要用倒装。例：So excited was he ( = He was so excited ) that he couldn't

23、speak.Such was the force of the explosion( broken .爆炸 ) that all the windows were以下为近几年涉及到“倒装”的高考题。1._ can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard workB. Although work hardC. Only with hard workD. Now that he works hard（ NMET2000春招）2.Not a single song _ at yesterday's party.A. she sangB. sang

24、sheC. did she singD. she did sing(2000 上海 )3.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy.A. did I feelB.I feltC. I had feltD. had I felt学习必备欢迎下载(NMET2000春招 )4. David has made great progress recently. _, and _.A. So he has. so you haveB. So he has. so have youC. So has he. s

25、o have youD. So has he. so you have(1997 上海 )5. Not until all the fish died in the river, _ how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realizeB. the villagers realizedC. the villagers did realizeD. didn't the villagers realize(NMET1995)（ Key: 1-5 CCDBA ）自我检测：1.Not until all the fish died

26、 in the river how serious the pollution was.A did the villages realize B the villages realizedC the villages did realize D didn t the villages realize2. So that no fish can live in it.A the lake is shallow B shallow the lake isC shallow is the lake D is the lake shallow3.Little about his safety, though he was in great danger himself.A does he care B did he careC he