解析奥赛罗悲剧的社会因素AnalysistheSocialFactorsoftheTragedyOthello

1、英文】毕业设计论文解析奥赛罗悲剧的社会因素Analysis the Social Factors of the Tragedy OthelloContentsEnglishAbstract Abstract In troduct ion RacialAnalysisOthelloon OthelloIChinese.II I1 n Analysis ofDiscriminati on22.1. TheoreticalR.2a2c.i2a.l Discrimination in32.3 The Influence of Racial DiscriminationChsaracterDL6ln f

2、lue nee of the Feudal Patriarchy on Tragedy ofAnalysis chauvinism inhismarriage over-obedienceinhermarriageOthello 'sMarriageConclusion ents 103.1.Theoretical.103.2Othellos male .113.3 Desdemona' s .14 IV.16Acknowledgem.18References A19nalysis the Social Factors of theTragedy Othello Name: P

3、an Jianchao Major: English Tutor: He Zhanyi Abstract: Othello was written by Shakespeare in 1604 and it is the mostcontroversial one of Shakespeare's four majortragedies. Traditional humanistreadings largely ignored the impact of social forces on the tragedy of the famous playthey just saw the p

4、lay as concerned simply with the flaws in Othello 's Characteristics “Theooryf Jealousy ”has been dominant in Shakespeare 'research for a long time.According to many views on the tragedy of Othello in my opinion it was a doomedtragedy. Based on social factors this paper tries to explore the

5、deep social reasons oftragedy of Othello.Because of the tumor of racial discrimination in society the whitehas superiority of its race and culture while the black has to take the burden of theirsense of self-based psychology. In addition the feudal dark forces of the patriarchalculture and medieval

6、religious conventions were still dominated the social ideologyso the social factors make a great influence on the causes of the tragedy Othello. Key words: social factors racial discrimination patriarchy tragedy 解析奥赛罗 悲剧的社会因素 学生：潘建超 专业：英语指导老师：何占义摘要:奥瑟罗是莎士比亚在 1604 年所创作的，它是莎士比亚四部主要悲剧中最有争议的一部。 传统的人文主义

7、读本大多忽视了社会因素对这部著名悲剧的影响， 而是仅仅简单认为这部戏剧主要关注的是 奥赛罗性格的缺陷， “嫉妒说”曾在奥赛罗研究中一直占据着统治地位。根据对奥赛罗悲 剧的不同观点，笔者认为，这是一部注定的悲剧。从社会因素出发，本论文探究了造成奥 赛罗悲剧的深层社会原因。 由于社会存在种族歧视这颗毒瘤， 白种人有着种族及文化优越 感，而黑人不得不承受自卑的心理压力， 另外，父权制以及中世纪宗教习俗等封建黑暗势力 依旧主导着当时的社会意识形态，因此，社会因素对奥赛罗悲剧的发生有着重大影响。关键词：社会因素；种族歧视；父权制；悲剧Introduction Othello is one of Shak

8、espeares fourmajor tragedies. Although the plot of theplay is very simple it reflects many aspects of life. Since hundreds of years ago manycritics have been arguing on what the root of tragedy is. Just like KMNewtonpointed that“Othello has produced more controversial critical echo than any otherofW

9、illiam Shakespeares tragedy plays.” Reference Guide to English Literature p401 Oneview isthat jealousy and credulity make Othello lose his reason and human natureand another view is that the great power of evil causes the tragedy of OthelloHowever I think no matter what the view is the tragedy is in

10、evitable and it has aclose connection with Othello' s society and time. In Othellothrough the tragedy ofthe very individual Shakespeare emphasized the influence of the society andindicated the relationship between the very individual and the society. Certainly acertain individual must be influen

11、ced by a certain time and society. On the angle ofracial discrimination Othello just reflects the white ' s superiority of its race andculture and people living on the margins of society owning self-abased characteristicin their deep heart. In addition the feudal dark forces of the patriarchal c

12、ulture and medievalreligious conventions were still dominated the social ideology. It attached tremendoussignificance to the cause of unfettering individuals from feudal conventions. While itis widely acknowledged that “ individual ” here exclusively refers to the male in thesociety in other words t

13、he society was still forcefully dominated by men inaccordance with strictly hierarchy and women were still proceeding in inferiority andshowing up to meet men' s needs. They were required to be subject to their fathersbefore marriage and to their husbands after marriage. Father' s authority

14、andhusband ' s authority together make up the doctrine of patriarchalculture. This led tothe male chauvinism and women' sover-obedience prevalent around the wholeEuropean in that age. Although Othello and Desdemona 'tsragedy is more or less canbe blamed on them however our attitude to th

15、eir tragedy is not disgusting and hatredbut mercy and regret Othello and Desdemonas death is deeply rooted in the socialand time the powerful forces of darkness like cruel waves engulfed them in thecurrents of history. All of the social reasons consistof the main factors of thetragedy Othello. n .An

16、 alysis of Racial Discrim in ati on 2.1Theoretical Analysis Race on the international stage has been become an important topic for a longtime. We know that since the birth of mankind we had already been divided intodifferent races and then the fallacy of racial discrimination were appearing. Raciald

17、iscrimination from the beginning of human history to now have never stoppedarguing and race is also a very sensitive topic. “ Racial discrimination is a kind ofprejudice and unfair attitude to the colored people ”(. Liu Xiaojuan 2006) Namelyin broad sense except white person all the other colored pe

18、ople are the subject toracial discrimination. For the colored people the racial discrimination is a nightmare.thetime of Elizabeth with the expansion of the colonist the discrimination for the blackpeople became more and worse. ” Bloom Harold.p87 We know in the early slave tradethe black people were

19、 the main victims. They were killed and sold. hey had nofreedom and wisdom. They were nothing. For the white people the black people werethe tools for them to get profit. They were forced to work for the white people. The racial discrimination was also one of the causes of Othello 'trasgedy. The

20、rewas no doubt that Othello a black moor lived in the time and society ofdiscrimination. This discrimination did not come from some single people but fromall the walks of the country. 2.2 Racial Discrimination in Othello Racial discrimination reflected in every part of Othello. Though Othello is nob

21、leMoorish descent he is a Moor so he is easily subject to discrimination. ThoughOthello is an excellent commander in the wars when he in search for his identity in awhite world he is deeply feeling that he was a cultural otherness.“ Othello isoutsider in Venice. He is belongs to different races and

22、countries and come fromNorth Africa to help Venice fight against the Turks. In addition Othello come fromdifferent communities of discourse and language so he is not someone who ismanaging Venetian culture and language. ”Diane AndreHwesnningfeld p25Because of his great military exploits he served in

23、 the Venice government and isrespected by the Venetian but this respect is conditional because heundertakes thetough task to protect the safety of the white government of Venice in other wordsuch respect is built on the basis of Othellos unique military gifts once he threatensto Venetians reputation

24、 status such respect can be thwarted. No matter someone whoown high status such as Brabantio or have low-status such as Roderigo and Iago areboth hold racial prejudice to Othello. Firstly let us focus our attention on Brabantio Othello-in-law he was'alssofathpeureracist. Brabantio is the senator

25、 of Venice from his inconsistent attitudetoward Othello we can see that how serious of his racial discrimination psychology inhis mind. Before he knew Othello and his daughter fell in love he treated Othello ashis honorable guest just as Othello said ：Her father loved me oft invited meStill question

26、ed me the story of my lifeFrom year to year the battles sieges fortunesThat I have passed. Othello p37From this we can see that before Brabantio knew Othello fall in love with his daughterhe regarded him as the best friend while he knew it in his eyes Othello became aguilty moor. If we think careful

27、ly we can get a conclusion that people who likeOthello with so prominent fame and social status how he doesn 'dteserve hisdaughter Desdemona If we can ignore the racial discrimination against the blackpeople the marriage in our eyes is perfect enough. Just because Othello is an Africanmoors Brab

28、antio opposed to the marriage so strongly. To Brabantio the marriagebetween his daughter and moors can be seen as a great shame of his family as well ashimself. Secondly let us shift our eyes on Iago and Roderigo. in Iagos eyes Othello is aquotold black ramquot“ Bar，baaryndhoermsebodim”ent of devil.

29、 Dueto Iagosdiscrimination coupled with his failure to be promoted by Othello and plus otherminor reasons arousing his extreme hatred toward Othello which promote him to seta plot to revenge on him. Firstly he successfully took advantage of Cassios kindnessto make Othello remove his post of Lieutena

30、nt then he suggested Cassio to seek favorfrom Desdemona during this period he grasped the opportunity of Desdemonasenthusiasm of helping Cassio to successfully instigate Othellos suspicion. Later hecreated a handkerchief incident which deepened the suspicion of Othello finally hesuccessfully arrange

31、d the meeting of Cassio and Desdemona which made Othellofurther believe his suspicion on Desdemona. Iagos scheme make Othello goes crazy.This is Iagos whole process of implementation of his conspiracy.From this we cansee Iagos motive oftreacherous behavior juggle plot ruthless revenge and tramplinga

32、ll moral norms with impunity is completely out of his racial discrimination. What hehas dong also shows his intolerable hostility to the progressive ideal and faith ofhuman. Roderigo attitude toward Othello can be regarded as the representatives ofsecular commons in 17th century. He once said: I say

33、 again hath made a gross revolt Tying her duty beauty wit and fortunes In an extravagant and wheeling stranger Of here and everywhere. Straight satisfy yourself. Othello p14 There is no other better evidence to prove the secular racial discrimination thanthis sentence. Obviously in the eyes of Roder

34、igo Othello is a “ wheelingstranger i”nshort he believes that Othello the Moor does not deserve the love of Desdemona. Overall we can see that the social discrimination is the root of the tragedy ofOthello. There are three reasons can prove that. First of all Shakespeares descriptionsor hints on dif

35、ferent social classes racial discrimination in his drama making us havea clear knowledge of the whole social background of that time. Racial discriminationjust like a vicious tumor is widespread in all social classes it is the biggest obstaclefor Othello and Desdemona to pursuit their love on the ro

36、ad. Second Iago thedesigner of the plot and the manipulator of the tragedy hates Othello and the roots ofhis hatred lies in Othellos Moorish identity and his skin color. Iagos evil hideousface cover his racial Discrimination on Othello makes it difficult for common peopleto see the truth. Kind-heart

37、ed people tend to be confused by Iagos lies and they thinkthat the root of the tragedy is caused by Iagos unsuccessful job promotions or theunwarranted adultery between Desdemona and Cassio but all of these are minorsthey just serve as a catalyst for the evil root of racial discrimination Finally Ot

38、hello the victim of the tragedy is also the tragedys accomplicethough his nature losing is closely linked with the racial discrimination we cantignore that his character flaws also make a great influence on the causing of thetragedy. Due to the racial discrimination and Iagos trickery Othello suspic

39、ion wasinstigated he slowly believes that a Moor could not actually win the love of a whitegirl gradually he loses his confidence and becoming self-based. At beginning hefirmly believes Desdemonas loyalty and chastity but slowly he begin to suspectDesdemonas motivation of love and finally he complet

40、ely denied Desdemonas love but believing that Desdemona is a “ wickedWhore”step by step he make the tragedypersonally. In summary we can say that racial discrimination is the main source of thetragedy Othello.2.3 The Influence of Racial Discrimination on Othello 'Chsaracteristics Any person '

41、;chsaracteristics are affected by the society. Othello is the same asthat and his characteristics are the outgrowth of the society. In Othello 'soscietyracial discrimination appears everywhere. It is understandable that Othello as amarginal person who is often looked down upon owns a sense of in

42、feriority complex.Because of a sense of inferiority complex Othello is easy to have jealousy andcredulity characteristics that cause the tragedy.2.3.1 Othello 'sesnse of inferiority complex If someone is discriminated by the others the inferiority complex is easilycoming out from his bottom of heart. Inferiority complex once formed and developedit will be having a significant negative impact on human psychology. Self-deniedideals are easily arousing upheaval and dramatic changes in ones emotion and mindmoreover itll seriously affect peoples work and life sometimes under a c