英语语法第一轮复习---代词

1、 Unit 3 代词 代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。1、人称代词（1）人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下情况：在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me但在下列句中有区别。I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him, too.(2)两个以上的

2、人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。You ,she and I will be in charge of the case. Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。He and she still dont agree to the plan.(3)几个人称代词的特殊用法。we/you(口语)常用来泛指一般人。she可以代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。The “Titanic”was the largest, wasnt she?(4)It

3、的用法 作人称代词John likes playing Ping pong/ He always does it in the afternoon(指代上下文提到的事物)；/It's time we went home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer/ It's very quiet at the moment(可指时间、天气、环境等)引导词作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。It's important for us to lear

4、n a second language/ It's no use talking to him/ It's known to all that the earth goes round the sunB作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。We feel it our duty to help others/ He made it clear that he would leave the cityC强调结构：It is (was) +被强调部分that (或who) 注意: 在强调结构中，如被强调部分为时间状语或地点状语，其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或wh

5、ere，而应用that 。在复习中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar(that引起强调句)It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar(where引起定从)It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there(when引起时间状语从句）It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there（that 引起强调句）2.物主代词（1）名词和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。（2）ones own=.o

6、f ones own句式的转换。His own money =money of his own3.反身代词（1）反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。（2）反身代词和某些动词连有，构成固定短语。enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood（3）反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己或独立地，of oneself自然地，自动地by oneself独自地，in oneself本身性质，beside oneself喜怒哀愁至极This problem gets a

7、chapter to itself.这个问题占了一章（独有）。Just between ourselves, I dont think much of him.私下地说我并不怎么看重他。They were discussing about it among themselves.（相互共同）Left to himself he began to write.别人走后只留下他，他写了起来。4.相互代词（each other, one another）相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。一般来说，each othe

8、r指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。5.指示代词（this, that , these, those, such, same）指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。（1）指示代词this和that的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面

9、讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this:the English party will be held on Saturday Afternoon. He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询

10、问对方； 2）such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。Such was the story. We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article. 另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.他是否能做这事，对我来说都一样。（表语） 6、疑问代词（who,whom,

11、which,what,whose）疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。（1）who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother./He is Henry.询问职业或地位。What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。What is /are on the table?Who is/are in the library?(2)which与who、what which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。I found two books on th

12、e desk.Which is yours?7.连接代词和关系代词连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。这两类代词的用法详见“名词性从句”和“定语从句”部分。8、不定代词不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither

13、、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、some、any、no等。还有由some、any、no和every构成合成代词，不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。下面介绍几组主要不定代词的用法与区别。（1）some与any一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。He has some Chinese paintings.(定语) Some like sports,other

14、s like music.(主语) Do you have any questions to ask?(定语) I dont know any of the students.（宾语）特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any child can do that.（定语） You may take any of them.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。 Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。Would you like some bananas?（邀请）Mum,c

15、ould you give me some money?(请求)some 用于否定句表示部分否定。I dont know some of the students.（宾语）some和any在句中还可作状语，作副词。some意为“大约”相当于“about”,而any则表示程度，意为“稍，丝毫”。如：There are some 300 workers on strike. Do you feel any better today?(2)one,both,allone作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是ones，反身代词是oneself.

16、 One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)This is not the one I want.(表语)one、ones可以代替上文提到过的名词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。如：These books are more interesting than those ones.Here are three pens.Which one is yours,this one or that one or the one in the pencil-box

17、?both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)Both of the boys are here.(主语) We both are students.(同位语)注意：both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。如：Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们

18、的前面。如：Both my parents like this film. Both the /these boys are tall.all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。Thats all for today.今

19、天就在这儿。They have all been to Xian.他们都去过西安。注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用none。如：Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants dont go out for food.)并不是所有的蚂蚁都出去寻找食物。 None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不是我的。（3）many和much many和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。（4）few, littl

20、e; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。（5）no和none no=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。 （6）each和everyeach（各个

21、），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。Every student it our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）Each of them has been there.（主语） We each got a ticket.（同位语） The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.

22、（宾语）（7）either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如：Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语)注意：either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.（状语） either与or构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。He is either

23、 Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“noteither”。He cant do it, neither can I. neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不也不”。Neither he nor you are a student.（8）other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”。“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、

24、宾语和定语。如：He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some are singing, others are dancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语) Please give me another

25、book.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。如：Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意为“一个一个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列。someothersothers，意为“一些一些一些”。代 词 练 习1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_ more up to date than the last edition. A. any B. everyone

26、C. either D. each2. After paying 1,000 dollars_ ,you'll all become full members of our club. A. each B. all C. every D. both3._ was her cruelty that we all hated her. A. It B. What C. That D. Such4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _ better now. A. much B. some C. any D. v

27、ery5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_ ? A. one B. other C. ones D. others6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses. A. much B. all C. neither D. none7. I need some blue ink today but there is _ at hand. A. not

28、 B. nothing C. a little D. none8. I found the very watch of mine _ I had left _ . A. where, it B. that, it C. which,one D. where,one9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to _? A. do so B. do it C. buy it D. do them10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't

29、be better than _of him. A. hers B. she C. that D. her11. -Shall we introduce _ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary. A. other B. a few more C. another D. some other12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_ at the other

30、 stores. A. others B. it C. that D. the ones13. -I dislike _ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I. A. them B. those C. it D. that14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_. I prefer folk music. A. Either B. Both C. None D. Neither15. Why don' t yo

31、u trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _ in the team. A. nobody B. anybody else C. everybody D. somebody else16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Yes,_ articles are stolen from our supermarket. A. few B. more C. some D. none17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and

32、 threw his notebook at the chairman,_ brought the room to disorder. A. it B. and which C. and that D. this18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_ back. A. one B. any C. it D. some19. -Do you have _ at home now? -No, we still have

33、to get scores of eggs and some vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _ will be a boy. A. he B. that C. it D. there21. Surely it's _ with the big nose you mean, not _! A. he, I B. him, me C. him, I D. he, me22. The temperature c

34、an fall to 30. _ is,30°C below freezing point. A. Which B. It C. That D. This23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Yes, but I don' t think _ could pass it. A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _ half. A. every B. each C.

35、 another D. either25. _ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _ . A. None, something B. Some, everythingC. Few, something D. Few, nothing26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Yes, I'd like to try those blue _. A. one B. ones C. pair D. two27. Of all my friends _ will be able to per

36、suade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it. A. none B. nobody C. neither D. no one28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?-Yes. He cares more about the quality. Money is _ to him. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something29. I have no idea which was better, so I took _ of the

37、m. A. both B. none C. all D. any30. You mustn't always do _ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like . A. another B. the other C. others D. one32. I didn't want either of _ h

38、ats and asked the salesman to show me_. A. those, another B. two, the other C. all, the others D. both, others33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all. A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _

39、of you. A. kindest B. most kind C. the kinder D. the most kind35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _ he says with a grain of salt. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything36. -I love you more than her, child. -You mean more than _ love her or more than she loves _

40、? A. you, me B. I, you C. you, you D. I, me37. Was it during the Second World War _he died? (MET88) A thatB. while C. in which D. then 38. Is _necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88H) AeveryoneB. this C. her D. it 39Is _possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET88) AnowB

41、. that C. it D. man 40His Parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _family was poor(MET88) Aof whomB. whom C. of whose D. whose 41_leaves the room last ought to turn off the light (MET88) AAnyoneB. The person C. Whoever D. Who 42_writer is better known in China，Charcles Dickens or Mark Twain? (MET8

42、8) AWhichB. What C. Either D. Whether 43-Have you seen Tom and Mary? -I haven' t seen _of them(MET88) AneitherB. any C. either D. all 44Is _necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89) AthisB. that C. it D. he 45All _is needed is a supply of oil(MET89) Athe thingB. that C. what

43、D. which 46His camera is more expensive than _(MET89) AhersB. her C. it D. its 47I don't think _possible to master a foreign language without much memory workAthisB. that C. its D. it 48_of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret(MET90) AEachB. Any C. No one D. None 49He paid th

44、e boy ￥10 for washing ten windows，most of _hadn't been cleaned for at least a year(MET90) AtheseB. those C. that D. which 50Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _(MET90) AtheirB. theirs C. her D. hers 51I invited Tom and Ann to dinner，but _of them came(NMET91) AneitherB. both C.

45、either D. none 52She heard a terrible noise，_brought her heart into her mouth(MET91) AitB. which C. this D. that 53We couldn't eat in a restaurant because _of us had _money on us(MET91) Aall; noB. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any 54These plants are watered _A A.each other dayB. every other da

46、y C. each of two days D. every of two days 55Alice received an invitation from her boss，_came as a surprise(NMET91) AitB. that C. which D. he 56Does _matter if he can't finish the job on time? AthisB. that C. he D. it 57MrZhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _who had already taken t

47、hemAthe onesB. ones C. some D. the others 58There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _to buy AwhatB. which C. how D. where 59Although he's wealthy，he spends _ on clothes(NME792) AlittleB. few C. a little D. a few 60In the dark street，there wasn't

48、a single person _ she could turn for help(MET92) AthatB. who C. from whom D. to whom 61_he said at the meeting astonished everybody present(MET93) AWhatB. That C. The fact D. The matter62-Would you like some wine? -Yes，just _(MET93) Alittle Bvery little Ca little Dlittle bit 63Tom's mother kept

49、telling him that he should work harder，but _didn't help(MET93) Ahe Bwhich Cshe Dit 64-Is _here? -No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave(MET93) Aanybody Bsomebody Ceverybody Dnobody 65-Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's? -No，but it's almost the same as _. Aher Byours Cthem Dtheir 66The

50、 weather turned out to be very good， _was more than we could expect(NMET94) Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dit 67_is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language(NMET95) AThere BThis CThat DIt 68They were very tired，but _of them would stop to take a rest(NMET95) Aany Bsome Cnone Dneither 6

51、9I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _(NMET95) Ait Bthose Cthem Done 70-When shall we meet again? -Make it _day you like; it's all the same to me Aone Bany Canother Dsome 71Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it _(NMET96 ) Athemselves Boneself

52、Citself Dhimself 72I agree with most of what you said，but I don't agree with _(NMET97) Aeverything Banything Csomething Dnothing 73Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers，Now she would like to read_stories by writers from _ countries(NMET97) Asome; any Bother; some Csome; other Dother

53、; other 74It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made Athat Buntil Cbefore Dwhen 75I hate _when people talk with their mouths full(NMET98) Ait Bthat Cthese Dthem 76DrBlack comes from either Oxford or CambridgeI can't remember _(NMET98) Awhere Bthere Cwhich Dhat 77Why do you want a new job _you've got such a good one already? (NMET98) Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhen 78It was o