初中直接引语变间接引语讲解与练习5页

1、直接引语和间接引语概述1. 我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种是直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。The teacher asked, “Do you like English?” 老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）2. 一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之

2、前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。” “Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？”琳达问。直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1. 人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this 和these通常变为that和those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I c

3、ame to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。2. 时态的变化（1） 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。（2） 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时（1） 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。（2） 若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3） 有时由于直接引语

4、有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。3. 时间状语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday that day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next day this week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow in two days4. 地点状语的变化here there5. 谓语动词的变化come go直

5、接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that 可以省略）。例如：He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”He said （that） he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了

6、。”He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我

7、海伦是否时美国人。3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。4. 感叹句-变成由that引导的宾语从句He said “What a lovely garden it is!”He exclaimed that it was a lovely garden.5. 命令句-变为不定式短语ask/tell

8、 sb. to doHe said, “Open the door.”He asked me to open the door.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina _ me that she _ _ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _ _ _ hom

9、e with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought

10、the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he said.He _ _ I had read the book the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mothe

11、r _ _ _ found it.11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _ been _ days. 12 “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Keep quiet, children.” he said.He _ the children _ _ quiet.14. “Dont look out of the window,” she said.She told me _ _ _ out of

12、 the window.15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interested in _.二、将直接引与改为间接引语1He said, “ Ive left my book in my room.”2She said, “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me? ”4She asked, “Is this book yours or his? ”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it”6The teacher

13、said to the students, “Dont waste your time. ”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please. ”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun. ”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect. ”10The boy said to us, “I usually get up at six every day. ”11He said, “We are still students. ”12He said to me, “

14、I was born in 1978.13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967. ”14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy. ”15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus. ”附答案：1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether

15、he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day1