语言学教程第9章9496

1、lingustics chapter 9Mick Short(肖特）Literacture professor of Lancaster University(英国兰开斯特大学文学教授）A famous English stylistStyle in Fiction 小说中的文体Corpus Stylistics语料库文体学9.4.2 Speech and Thought PresentationSpeech presentation (1) Direct Speech(2) Indirect Speech(3) Narrators Representation of Speech Acts(

2、4) Narrators Representation of Speech (5)Free Indirect SpeechThought presentation (1) Direct Thought (2) Indirect Thought (3) Narrators Representation of Thought Act (4) Narrators Representation of Thought (5) Free Indirect ThoughtStream of Consciousness WritingMain features in the most free version

3、 of DTmany grammatical words have been removedOther features:在表现对象方面上小说谋篇布局的顺序上9.4.3 Prose StyleAuthorial StyleJane Austen Jane Austens writing style is a mix of Neoclassicism Romanticism HemingwayHemingwayhabituallyuse the word and in place of commas.Simplicity 简明直接Text Style drama as poetry drama

4、as fiction drama sa conversation9.5The language in Drama How should we analyse drama?9.4.4 How to analyse the language of FictionEx: the old words in The Scarlet Letter:trow 相信 leech医生 wast(be)的第二人称单数 wottest知道Ex: Thou knowest what is in my heart.-The Scarlet Letter.Ex: 红字就用力大量的修辞手法，主要有：象征symbolize,

5、比喻Metaphor，拟人Personification，夸张Hyperbole和讽刺Irony等。9.5.2 Analysing dramatic language(2) Exchange sequence 交换顺序(3) Production errors 产出性错误(4) The cooperative principle 合作原则(5) Status marked through language(6)register语域(7)speech and silence(1) Turn quantity and length 话轮数量和长度9.5.3 How to analyze1. Par

6、aphrase the text2. write a commentary on the text 3. select a theoretical approach, perhaps from those discussed above9.6 The cognitive approach to literatureThree cognitive tools : figure and ground 背景是为了突显图形的存在image schemata path-schemata（路径图式）ex: we go to university from home. A water drop rool from the table onto the ground. content-schemata (容器图式)ex: I pour the milk out of the bottle. cognitive metaphor (认知隐喻)1. structual cognitive metaphor (结构认知隐喻)eg: Life is a journey. 2.ontological cognitive metaphor