新概念英语第二册Lesson 21

1、New Concept English Lesson 21 Mad or not? New words and expressions mad adj. 发疯发疯reason n. 原因原因sum n. 量量determined adj. 坚定的，下决心的坚定的，下决心的mad adj. 发疯发疯1.sb. is mad Dont fight with him, he is a mad man.2.“为为而疯狂（着迷）而疯狂（着迷）”的表示方法：的表示方法：be mad/crazy about:为为而疯狂而疯狂Im mad about English.go insane adj. 患精神病的，

2、精神病患者的患精神病的，精神病患者的go bananas （go+adj.变得变得) (变疯了变疯了) They are going bananas. = go crazy= go mad I slowly go insane / go crazy / go mad / go bananas.1.疯的疯的 The woman lost her son and got mad. 那个女人丢了孩子后疯了。那个女人丢了孩子后疯了。 2.愚蠢的，不明智的（用于口语）愚蠢的，不明智的（用于口语） You must be mad to drive so fast! 你开这么快，简直是疯了！你开这么快，简直

3、是疯了！ 3.非常生气的（口语）非常生气的（口语）at/with He is mad with the dog for biting his new shoe. 够咬了他的新鞋，他气得火冒三丈。够咬了他的新鞋，他气得火冒三丈。 4.非常喜欢非常喜欢 So many people are mad on football. 很多人痴迷足球。很多人痴迷足球。reason n. 原因原因1.道理，原因道理，原因 The reason is that = the reason why - is that The reason why I study is that I envy嫉妒嫉妒 those wh

4、o speak English well .They departed for no reason. 他们无缘无故就分手了。他们无缘无故就分手了。 2.推理，讲出道理，对某人讲道理推理，讲出道理，对某人讲道理 He reasoned him out of smoking. 他说服他戒了烟。他说服他戒了烟。 3.reasonable 合理的，有道理的合理的，有道理的 The price is reasonable. 价钱很合理。价钱很合理。 表原因的单词有哪些？表原因的单词有哪些？for this reason 由于这个理由、原因由于这个理由、原因For this reason, I was l

5、ate.as+句子句子 由于由于because+句子句子 由于由于sum sm n. 量量1.总数总数,总和总和,总计总计She paid the sum of $200 for dresses. 她买衣服总共花了二百元钱。她买衣服总共花了二百元钱。 2.金额金额;一笔一笔He earned挣挣 a large sum of money. 他赚了一大笔钱。他赚了一大笔钱。 3.算术题算术题;运算运算The boy is good at doing a sum in his head. 这男孩善于心算。这男孩善于心算。a sum of +不可数名词不可数名词 一笔一笔 a large sum o

6、f 大笔的大笔的 (large 指数量的大指数量的大)a large sum of money 一大笔钱一大笔钱a great many + 可数名词复数可数名词复数a great number of + 可数名词复数可数名词复数plenty of 足够多的足够多的determined adj. 坚定的坚定的, 下决心的下决心的be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事下定决心做某事I am determined to stay here.我决定留在这儿。我决定留在这儿。v. determine on 决定决定v. determine upon 决定决定make up o

7、nes mind 下定决心下定决心decide to do sth. 决定做决定做make a decision to do sth. 决定做决定做decide和和determine 之间的区别之间的区别：都有都有“决定决定”的意思。的意思。decide 指指“经过询问、研讨和考虑之后经过询问、研讨和考虑之后, 在几种在几种可能的选择之中作出决定可能的选择之中作出决定”,decide 最为普通：最为普通： She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。determi

8、ne指指“决心作某一件事而不动摇决心作某一件事而不动摇”, 常涉常涉及范围比较狭小的问题：及范围比较狭小的问题： We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. skdul 我们已经决定要我们已经决定要提前提前完成这项工作完成这项工作TEXT 课文详解课文详解Airplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during

9、 the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a

10、large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right. Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯逼某人发疯You are driving me mad.The teacher is slowly driving me mad.Sometimes its enough to drive you mad if you are stuck i

11、n a traffic jam during the rush hour. 有时在交通有时在交通高峰期高峰期被困足以使人发疯。被困足以使人发疯。I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.night and day 日日夜夜，夜以继日日日夜夜，夜以继日 I will sit by her bedside day and night. 我会日夜守在她的床边。我会日夜守在她的床边。 passing planes 过往飞机过往飞机 （passing是现在分词，作定语，起形容是现在分词，作定语，起形容词作用，

12、修饰词作用，修饰planes，“经过的经过的(路过路过)，过往，过往的的”）He forgot the man with passing time. 随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩正在睡觉的小孩waiting car 正在等待的车正在等待的车The airport was built years ago,but for some reason it could not be used then.1)years前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年许多年”years ago = many y

13、ears agoI have not seen him for weeks.2)for some reason由于某个理由由于某个理由He was late for school for some reason. 由于某种原因，他上学迟到了！由于某种原因，他上学迟到了！He didnt tell me the answer for some reason.由于某种原因，他没有告诉我答案由于某种原因，他没有告诉我答案!some+不可数名词不可数名词/可数名词复数可数名词复数 一些一些some+可数名词单数可数名词单数 某一某一Ill tell you someday.Well talk abou

14、t it some other time. 我们改日再谈这件事。我们改日再谈这件事。Last year,however,it came into use。1)however 然而（用于句首然而（用于句首, 句中句中, 用逗号隔开）用逗号隔开）2) use ju:s n. 使用使用come into use 启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）When did the train come into use?The road came into use last month. ju:z vt. 使用使用be used 被使用（被动）被使用（被动）Ove

15、r a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.I am one of the few people left.over a hundred 一百多一百多away from 从某地离开（从某地离开（away 离开某地）离开某地）out of somewhere 从某地出来从某地出来one of 之一之一(表示特指的一群人表示特指的一群人/一些东西中一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数的一个，后面的名词用复数)You can take one of these bags.left表示被留下来的，

16、表示被留下来的，leave过去分词过去分词, left作定语放在被作定语放在被修饰词的后面。修饰词的后面。 left剩下的剩下的东西，相当于东西，相当于“Who are left (by the others) 其他人走了留下他们其他人走了留下他们”。I have a bag left.There is ten cents left in my pocket. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane。knock down 撞倒撞倒1.相撞相撞,碰击碰击His legs knocked agains

17、t the chair. 2.敲敲,击击,打打(+on/at)He knocked at the door and entered. 及物动词及物动词 vt. 1.敲敲,击击,打打The falling bottle knocked him on the head.knock at the door; knock敲门敲门 knock down; knock over撞倒撞倒 I have been offered a large sum of money to go away,but I am determined to stay here.sb. be offered sth.offer v

18、. 提供（相当于提供（相当于given）双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能; 以以sb.做主语或以做主语或以 sth. 做主语做主语give sb. sth.被动被动sb. be given sth.give sth. to sb.被动被动 sth. be given to sb.双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语1.给予给予,提供提供;拿出拿出,出示出示He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。他端给我一杯酒。 2.愿意愿意;试图试图(做某事做某事);提议提议They offe

19、red to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。他们表示愿意帮助我。 He offered to lend me some books. 他表示要借给我几本书。他表示要借给我几本书。 3.出出(价价);开开(价价)Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.sth. drive someone mad 把某人逼疯把某人逼疯sb. do sth. night and day 日日夜夜日日夜夜sb. do sth for some reason 由于某种原因由于某种原因sth. come into use 启用启用sth./

20、sb. knock down sb. 撞到撞到a large sum of money 一大笔一大笔sb. be determined to do sth. 下定决心去做下定决心去做1.把我逼疯把我逼疯 _2.过往的飞机过往的飞机 _3.日日夜夜日日夜夜 _4.由于某种原因由于某种原因 _5.启用启用 _6.从从赶走赶走 _7.撞倒撞倒 _8.一大笔钱一大笔钱 _9.离开离开/搬走搬走 _10.决定做某事决定做某事 _ ii. Phrases and sentences.drive me crazypassing planesnight and day/day and nightfor som

21、e reasoncome into usedrive away fromknock downa large sum of moneygo awaybe determined to do sth.11.他正慢慢地走在回家的路上。他正慢慢地走在回家的路上。 He _ _ _ along the way home.12.我口袋里只剩下两元了。我口袋里只剩下两元了。 There is only _ _ _ in my pocket.13.你一定是吉娜的妹妹吧。哇，你们俩看起你一定是吉娜的妹妹吧。哇，你们俩看起来一模一样。来一模一样。You _ _ Ginas sister. Wow, you look

22、 the same! is slowly walking two yuan left must beDrive的用法的用法 v. 开车开车, 驾驶驾驶 (drove, driven, driving)drive to 开车去往某地开车去往某地I drove to Tianjing yesterday vt. 赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）drive sb. away from 把某人赶走把某人赶走drive sb. out of 把某人赶出去把某人赶出去During the war, many people were driven out of their hom

23、es.drive sb. back 撵回去撵回去Our army drove the enemy back. vt. 逼迫，迫使逼迫，迫使drive sb. mad 逼疯逼疯The death of all her children has driven her mad.Home and Househome n. &adv. 家，家庭，家园（着重指所居家，家庭，家园（着重指所居住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，带有感情色彩）带有感情色彩）I have a sweet home.house n. 房子，房屋，住宅（指建筑物）房子，房屋

24、，住宅（指建筑物）Tom must be somewhere in the house. 汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。动词语态动词语态英语动词有两种语态英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者Many people speak English.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people.(被动语态)时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态(be+过去分词过去分词）一般现在时一般现在时see / seesam(is,are)+seen一般过去

25、时一般过去时sawwas(were)+seen一般将来时一般将来时will (shall) +seewill(shall)+be+seen(过去将来时过去将来时)would(should)+seewould(should)+be+seen现在进行时现在进行时am(is,are)+seeingam(is,are)+being+seen(过去进行时过去进行时)was(were)+seeingwas(were)+being+seen现在完成时现在完成时have(has)+seenhave(has)+been+seen(过去完成时过去完成时)had+seenhad+been+seen含情态动词含情态动

26、词情态动词情态动词+see情态动词情态动词+be+seen肯定句，否定句及疑问句如下。 Cars are made in Changchun. Cars are not made in Changchun. -Are cars made in Changchun? (-Yes, they are./No,they arent.)When can we use the passive voice?被动语态使用方法被动语态使用方法 不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。作的执行者时。My bike was stolen last night

27、. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。昨晚我的自行车被偷了。Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。信件每天早晨八点收取。2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。这张课桌是王师傅做的。The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。3. 为了更好地安排句子。为了更好地安排句子。 The well-known person got on the

28、bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了）（一个主语就够了） 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。4. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：如：I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。的。1.将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语

29、。2.将主动语态的谓语动词改为将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词过去分词”结构。结构。3.将主动语态的主语改为介词将主动语态的主语改为介词 by之后的宾语，之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。主动语态改为被动语态的方法主动语态改为被动语态的方法将下列句子改成被动语态。1.We use English as a foreign language. English is used as a foreign language( by us)2. People write business letters in English Business lette

30、rs are written( by people) in English.3.They make telephone calls in English. Telephone calls are made( by them) in English.4.Travelers and business people use English. English is used by travelers and business.5.Farmers grow rice in Zhejiang. Rice is grown by farmers in Zhejiang.过去时,含情态动词的被动语态A man

31、 killed Jack. Han Mei found Granny books. They built the bridge. Jack was killed (by a man). Granny books were found by Han Mei.The bridge was built .He can answer the question. We must plant trees in spring. Nurse should take care of the children. The question can be answered (by him.)Trees must be

32、 planted in spring.Children should be taken care of.主动语态变为被动语态时注意主动语态变为被动语态时注意含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况: He gave the boy an apple. 1)把间接宾语改为主语,直接宾语保留不变: The boy was given an apple2)把直接宾语改为主语,此时,间接宾语前要加. An apple was given to the boy. (give, pass, show, send- to ) (buy, draw, make, -for )My father

33、gave me a new book on my birthday . -A new book was given to me (by my father - I was given a new book (by my father). 2.不带的不带的to不定式不定式,改为被动语态时不定式前要加改为被动语态时不定式前要加to .They watched the children sing. The children were watched to sing . 3.短语动词是不可分割的整体短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要改为被动语态时要保持其完整性保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏介

34、词或副词不可遗漏.We must take good care of the young trees. Young trees must be taken good care of.4. 带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语.He cut his hair short. His hair was cut short.They told him to help me. He was told to help me.5. 注意: 不及物动词不能用被动语态happen ,take place, appearbut不及物动词带上介词或副词构成

35、的短语不及物动词带上介词或副词构成的短语,相当于及物动相当于及物动词词, 后面可带宾语后面可带宾语 被动语态的特殊形式：被动语态的特殊形式：一、主动形式表被动一、主动形式表被动1、这种食物尝起来味道很差。、这种食物尝起来味道很差。The food tastes terrible.类似的词还有：类似的词还有：look,feel,sound,smell,seem,stay,become,turn2、第二次世界大战在、第二次世界大战在1939年爆发。年爆发。The Second World War broke out in 1939.类似的词还有：类似的词还有：happen,take place, take part in, belong to, 被动语态的特殊形式：被动语态的特殊形式：3、这种布料很容易洗。、这种布料很容易洗。The cloth washes well.她的书不好卖。她的书不好卖。Her book does not sell well.类似的词还有：类似的词还有：lock,shut,open,move,read,write,clean, draw,cut 被动语态的基本形式：被动语态的基本形式：be + done一般将来时的被动语态