情态动词基本用法和推测用法

1、制作：曾艳萍制作：曾艳萍高考高考 真题再现 1.The dictionary _to the library in a week . (06湖南对口29 情态动词) Ais returned Bmust be returned Cwill return Dis to return 2.Lucy, be careful next time . You _such a mistake . (08湖南对口25 ) A. dont make B. have not made C.cant have made D.shouldnt have made 3.Our environment _. (09湖南

2、对口26 情态动词) A. must take good care of B. should be taken good care of C. must be taken good care D. should take good care BDB4.( ) 29. If you_ smoke, please go outside. (2012湖南对口29 )A. must B. may C. should D. can 5.( ) 30. You _ jump off a bus while it is still moving. It is too dangerous. (2013湖南对口

3、30 )A. must B. mightnt C. might D. mustnt AD一、说出下列情态动词的意义一、说出下列情态动词的意义cancould be able to maymightmust have to should/ ought towillwould shallneeddare used tohad better 能，会能，会可以，可能可以，可能必须必须必须，不得不必须，不得不应该应该必需，需要必需，需要敢敢过去常常过去常常最好最好将要将要二二. .情态动词有哪些特点情态动词有哪些特点1.不能单独作谓语动词；不能单独作谓语动词；2. 没有人称和数的变化；（没有人称和数的变

4、化；（have to 除外除外） 情态动词情态动词原原 三、从哪些方面去掌握其用法三、从哪些方面去掌握其用法1.情态动词有过去式；情态动词有过去式；2.每个情态动词所表示的意义；注意对比；每个情态动词所表示的意义；注意对比；3.情态动词引起的回答；情态动词引起的回答；4.情态动词表情态动词表“猜测猜测”的用法；的用法；5.含有情态动词的句子表示提建议含有情态动词的句子表示提建议.情态动词的基本用法情态动词的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和couldcan和和be able to都表示都表示能力能力，意思上，意思上没多大区别。但没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，只有现在和过去

5、时，而而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用而用was/were able to来表示。这时来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。eg. Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.can和和couldcan和和coul

6、d都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用，回答时则用can。 eg. Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you?(2)may/mightmay/might表示可能，但表示可能，但may比比might可能性大。可能性大。eg. He may be very busy now.may/might表示表示“允许允许”，may用于现在时或用于现在时或将来时，将来时，might常用在间接引

7、语中表过去时，但常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉语气，也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉语气，回答用回答用may。eg. He says we may leave. He said we might leave. May I come in?（3）mustmust表示必须，应该，没有时态变化表示必须，应该，没有时态变化eg. As a student , you must work hard. May 还可以表祝愿还可以表祝愿eg. May you be happy everyday.must表示肯定的推测表示肯定的推测eg. The light is stil

8、l on, so he must be at home.mustnt 表示禁止做某事表示禁止做某事eg. You mustnt smoke in the office.（4）have tohave to 表示表示“必须、不得不必须、不得不”，是由于某种外，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而界（客观）原因而“必须必须”，“不得不不得不”做某事，做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须必须”做。做。have to的否定形式表示不必。的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态可用于多种时态中。中。eg. You will have to clean your own boo

9、ts when you join the army.（5）should / ought toshould和和ought to表示应当、应该，前者比表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻后者语气轻eg. You should / ought to work hard. should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意的否定形式表示禁止之意eg. Children shouldnt smoke.should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而而ought to可以表示劝告之意可以表示劝告之意eg. You ought to respect your parents.

10、He suggested that they should leave at once.should have V-ed (“本应该做某事而没有做本应该做某事而没有做”,含责备之意含责备之意)1._ you be happy!A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would2. Must we come tomorrow? - _A. No, you cant B. No, you neednt C. No, you mustnt D. No, you may not3. Some people feel that handguns_.A. should control B. sh

11、ould be controlled C. must be controlling D. can be control4.I thought you_ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A.may B.might C.could D.must ABBB5. Johnny, you_play with the knife; you_hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. cant; shouldnt C. shouldnt; must D. mustnt; may 6. Jenny_ hav

12、e kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_ A. might B. will C. can D. should 8. -Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. needntDBCA

13、9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 10. - Are you coming to Jeffs party? - Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight11. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for th

14、e opening ceremony? Acan Bshould Cmay Dmust12. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. canDDAA（6）will / wouldwill 用于各种人称表示用于各种人称表示“意志意志”、“意愿意愿”或或“决心决心”等，否定式等，否定式wont + 动词原形。动词原形。eg. I will tell you all about it. Tom wont do such a

15、 thing.will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出人向对方提出“请求请求”或或“询问询问”。eg. Will you please tell her the news when you see her?(回答回答?)否定回答是：否定回答是：Im sorry, I cant. No, Im afraid I cant. Im sorry, but Id like to, but 等等肯定回答是：肯定回答是：Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. Id be glad to 等等 would 表示客气的请求、建议或意

16、愿。表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。eg. Would you please be quiet? Would you like coffee? would 表示过去反复发生的动作。表示过去反复发生的动作。“过去常常过去常常”eg. When I passed my school I _see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.（7）shallshall作为情态动词用于第一人称，表示说话作为情态动词用于第一人称，表示说话人的意愿人的意愿eg. We shall do as our teacher says. You shall have the book a

17、s soon as I finish it.would在疑问句中，在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。指示，常用于第一、第三人称。eg. Where _he wait for us? _we go out for a walk?（8）needneed 作作“必要、必需必要、必需”讲，既可作情态动词，讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。，其变化与一般动词相同。eg. I need to think it over. Need y

18、ou go now? Yes, I_./No, I _.Shallshallmustneednt（9）daredare表示表示“敢敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，若作实义动词，后面可带后面可带to的不定式，此时的不定式，此时to也可以省略。也可以省略。dare与与need的用法相似。的用法相似。eg. How _you say that? 你怎么敢那样说？你怎么敢那样说？ She _dare (to) ask her father. 她不敢问她爸爸。她不敢问她爸爸。（10）used toused to

19、表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。但现在已不复存在了。eg. He used to smoke, _?usednt he/ didnt hedaredoesnt8. Everyone is here. _we start the meeting? A. CanB. Must C. Should D. Shall 9. May I smoke here ?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should B. could C. may D. mustDD1. Will you

20、 stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me.(NMET 99)A.I mustnt B.I cant C.I neednt D.I wont2. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _ . Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt3. .When he was there, he_ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A

21、. would B. should C. had better D. might B AA4. Who is the girl standing over there ? Well , if you _ know , her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 5.A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially in a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will6.

22、 _ open the door for you ? A. Would you like that I B. Do you want that I C. Will I D. Shall I7. When _ he leave the hospital? I asked the doctor. A. will B. shall C. can D. mayCBDB(11) had better +do had better not do sth.情态动词推测用法情态动词推测用法 一、用法一、用法 从高考及平时各类考试情态动词的推测用法来看，从高考及平时各类考试情态动词的推测用法来看，主要有主要有m

23、ust, should, can (could), may(might)几几个词，现对它们的用法按可能性从小到大排列列表个词，现对它们的用法按可能性从小到大排列列表如下：如下：一般式：一般式：might/ may/ could/ can/ should/must do sth.进行式：进行式： might/ may/ could/ can/ should/must be doing sth.完成式：完成式： might/ may/ could/ can/ should/must have done sth.(表对过去的推测表对过去的推测)eg. - Someone is knocking at

24、 the door. - It could /can be Tim.( Sometimes he comes this time.) - It should be Tim. ( He has made a promise to come.) - It must be Tim. ( I can read his step.)- It might be Tim.( But Im not sure.) 1.might/maymight不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。小。e.g. He may /might be very busy now.“may / migh

25、t + have done”表示对过去行为表示对过去行为的推测。的推测。 不能用于疑问句中。不能用于疑问句中。might所表示所表示的可能性比的可能性比may小。小。Your mother may /might not know the truth.e.g. Without the heavy traffic, we might have caught the train. He may not have finished the work.2.can/could表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。于疑问句、否定句和感叹句

26、中。e.g. Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true?“can + have done”主要用于否定句和疑问主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。句中，表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。e.g. He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book?“could + have done”表示虚拟语气。表示虚拟语气。(只只用于肯定句中用于肯定句中)3.should/ought toshould表示主观推测，表示主观推测，“

27、估计估计”“”“按道理应该按道理应该”e.g. He ought to/should be home by now. They should finish it by now.“should + have done”用于虚拟语气，本应用于虚拟语气，本应该做某事而实际上并没有做某事。该做某事而实际上并没有做某事。4.must表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）e.g. Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for yo

28、u now.表示肯定推测的否定句，用表示肯定推测的否定句，用cannote.g. This cannot be your pen. Yours is there.“must + have done”对过去行为的肯定推测，对过去行为的肯定推测，意为意为“一定、想必一定、想必”,否定句用否定句用cannot.e.g. It must have been rainy yesterday, wasnt it?It must have rained yesterday, didnt it?It is wet on the ground. It must have rained, _.hasnt it?情

29、态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：法如下：（1）should have done表示表示“本来应该做本来应该做某事而实际上未做某事而实际上未做”，而，而shouldnt have done则表示则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做本不应该做某事而实际上做了了”。eg. You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.（2）ought to have do

30、ne也表示也表示“本应该本应该”而而 ought not to have done则意为则意为“本不应本不应该该”。eg.You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.（3）neednt have done表示表示“本无必要做某本无必要做某事而实际上做了事而实际上做了”。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.（4）could have done表示表示“本来有可本来有可能能而

31、事实上未做到而事实上未做到”。eg. I could have come on time, but my car broke on the way. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. 1. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside. (2005北京卷北京卷) A. shouldB. must C. wouldntD. cant2. This cake is very sweet. Yo

32、u _ a lot of sugar in it.（2005辽宁卷）辽宁卷）A. should putB. could have putC. might putD. must have put3. Is John coming by train?He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (NMET2002) A. mustB. canC. needD. may4. I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word.(NMET 2001)A.mustnt have left

33、B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt have left5. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12:00.（NMET1998）A. canB. should C. mightD. need6. Isnt that Anns husband over there?No, it _ be himIm sure he doesnt wear glasses.（NMET2004）A. cant B. must n

34、ot C. wont D. may not1.-Whose exam paper is it? -It _ be Li Lei. He always forgets to write his name on it.cant B. must C. shouldnt D. may2.Tom,please be quiet. The others _hear very well.cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt3.When traffic lights are red, we_ stop and wait.may B. can C. must D. might4. - I cant stop smoking , doctor. - For your health, Im afraid you