十六种时态及被动态

1、语法作业二一 般完 成进 行完 成 进 行现 在1.一般现在时do3.现在完成时have done5.现在进行时is doing13.现在完成进行时have been doing过 去2.一般过去时did4.过去完成时had done6.过去进行时was doing14.过去完成进行时had been doing将 来7.一般将来时will do9.将来完成时will have done11.将来进行时will be doing15.将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来8.一般过去将来时would do10.过去将来完成时would have done12.过去将来进

2、行时would be doing16.过去将来完成进行时would have been doing1.一般现在时A.表示不受时限的客观存在（包括真理，格言等）例：The earth rotates on its axis.B.表示现在的习惯动作（指现在经常发生的动作,，常与频度副词连用）My father often smokes.C.表示现在状态和现在瞬间动作（有一定的持续性，适用于静态动词）What do you think，Tom？D.表示将来时间I hope,I bet 等句型I hope you have a good time.make sure，make certain 等句型I

3、ll make sure that you dont get lost.主将从现（常见与某些时间或条件状语从句中）If it rains tomorrow，the plan will be canceled.和一个时间短语连用以表示已确定的、对将来的安排The boys start school on Monday表示按规定或时间预计要发生的事（时间表）The train leaves at 10:04 this evening.E.表示过去时间（常见动词tell，say，hear，learn，gather等）I hear poor old Mrs Smith has lost her son

4、.2. 一般过去时A. 表示过去时间过去某个时间一次完成的动作或一度存在的状态He left ten minutes ago.表示过去的习惯动作He worked in a bank all his life.表示的动作和状态和现在不发生关系，现已不复存在He lived in Shanghai for 20 years.B.表示现在时间和将来时间表婉转语气(只限于want，wonder，think，hope等少数词）A:Did you want me？B:Yes，I wondered if you could give me some help.Its time.,I wish.,Id ra

5、ther.等结构后面的that-分句中，以及某些条件句，表示主观设想Its time you had a holiday.与现在事实相反的主观设想(虚拟语气）Id rather you went now.3. 现在进行时A. 表示说话时正在进行的动作(持续性动作）I am doing my homework now.B.表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段正在做的事，表示短期岗位Jane is studying law while her sister is playing physics.表示现阶段正在做的事，长期的岗位He is working in the factory.表示感情色彩J

6、ohn is always complaining that he is not properly paid.不表示强调，只带上频度状语表示强调Healthy and happy children are always playing.C.表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作I am going to Beijing for the summer holiday.I will think about it while you are waiting the report.D.表示刚刚过去的动作I dont know what you are talking about.E.表示婉转口气I am

7、hoping you will give me some advice.4. 过去进行时A. 表示过去某时正在进行的动作连带时间状语，暗示时间关系，过去某个时刻正在进行What were you doing yesterday at seven？表示过去某个阶段一直在进行They were building a dam last winter.在描写中引出新的事态和情节I was talking to the librarian this morning，and he said we had to return all the reference books before Saturday.B

8、.表示过去某种习惯的动作Tim was getting up at five every day that week.C .表示情感色彩My brother was always losing his keys.D.表示过去将来时间里的动作He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping.E.表示现在时间和将来时间里的动作婉转口气I was hoping you could give me some advice.表示主观臆想（某些固定用法0I wish they were not talking so loudly.（虚拟语气）Id rather yo

9、u were going home.5.现在完成时A.动作发生在说话之前，现在已经完成了并与现在的情况无关Hes closed the door .B.表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，继续到现在，可能继续下去也可能刚刚结束He has lived in Beijing for five years since 2000.C.表示从过去某时到现在动作发生的次数（常与频度状语搭配）I have never seen him before.D.表示”此时”前未完成的动作，必须在这个时间段完成Tom has finished his homework today.E.表示一个由过去开始到说话时仍在继续的

10、动作，与表示时间长度的状语连用I have learned English for ten years.F.在may、can、must等助动词，现在完成时可以表示一个过去的动作，或者一个猜想已发生的动作，这时可以和一个表示过去时间的状语连用He may have arrived there.6. 过去完成时A. 描述过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作The bus had left when Mary arrived here.B.用在宾语从句中He found that he had been cheated.C.用在定语从句中She took the computer that had

11、 been repaired from his house.D.用在状语从句中When she had finished the task,my task remained to be done.E.表示未曾实现的愿望或打算Tina had determined to play with friends outdoors but her mother refused her requirement.7. 一般将来时A. 基本结构是will / shall do.I will give her a birthday gift tomorrow.B.表示“打算去，要”时，可用be going to

12、 do.I am going to tell you the truth.C.表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do.强调近期内或马上要做的事Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.D."be to do"的5种用法表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 You

13、are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） How am I to pay such a debt? 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 I assure you that the matter will be attended to as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. 用于条件从句“如果想，设想”（接近if want to,或if should） Gr

14、eater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided. 8. 一般过去将来时A. 表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态She hoped that she would meet Tom again one day.B.表示过去的某种习惯性行为，只用wouldWhen I was young,I would listen to the radio for a whole day whenever I was not in the mood.C.表示过

15、去将来时的几种结构。Was/were going to do 表示准备、计划做某事，或将要发生某事He was going to study. was/were about to do表示“正要，即将”Vivian was about to went home.was/were on the point of doing表示“正要时”Vivian was on the point of leaving the store when a man hit her.was/were due to 表示“定于某时做某事”He was due to leave Shanghai on Monday.go

16、 /come/leave/take off等少数动词可用过去进行时，表示过去将要发生的情况I told my mom I was going to supermarket.表示曾计划做某事，如果计划的事情没有实现，要用不定式He said he was to finished the task.9. 将来完成时A. 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响By the time you get home， I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.B.表示推测，相当于"must have done&quo

17、t;结构I am sure that he will have got the information.C.表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间We will have been married a year on June 25th.10. 过去将来完成时A.表示从过去某一时间来看将来某时会已经完成的动作He said he would have done with my camera by the end of next month.B.用于虚拟语气中 Our lives would have been greatly impoverished if we had not known

18、our dear friend.C.情态用法 Few men would have bared their soul to a woman as he had.（表怀疑）11. 将来进行时A. 表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作The president will be giving a speech .B.表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测,并非人为安排You will be making a mistake.C.表示委婉的请求When shall we be meeting again?D.表示原因Please come tomorrow afternoon，I'll be havin

19、g a meeting tomorrow morning.E.表示结果Stop the child or he will be falling over.F.表示对将来的打算（区别于对将来的预测）.My duties will be ending in July , and I'll be returning to Shanghai.12. 过去将来进行时A.过去将来进行时主要用于宾语从句 中,尤其多用于间接引语中。They said they would be coming.B.过去将来进行时可以表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作.He said that he could not

20、 come because he would be having a meeting.C.过去将来进行时表示在过去将来某一时间正在发生的动作。它常和表示过去将来的时间状语连用，但上下文清楚时，时间状语亦可省略。和将来进行时一样，它也常表计划中的事，不表意愿或打算。它还有一个特点，即常用在宾语从句（尤其是间接引语）中。She said she would be setting off on the 10 oclock train.D.过去将来进行时有时也可用在其它从句中。The new name he would be using was Jack Jones.（用在定语从句中）He would

21、 pay the rest as he would be leaving France.（用在状语从句中）5.过去将来进行时也可用在独立句中。The car started. Ellen James would be driving off to the university.13. 现在完成进行时A. 表示一个持续到现在的动作The book have been selling well this week.B.表示长时间的做某事They have been watching television for a long time.C.表示带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感She has been ch

22、eating in the passers-by for a long time.14. 过去完成进行时 A. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后才结束He had been writing the letter till two o'clockB.特殊含义尚未完成：He had been writing the novel企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb未得结果：We had been studying what our en

23、emy had said最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife（近来）反复动作：He had been asking me the same question（多次，常常）情绪：What had he been doing？（不耐烦）15. 将来完成进行时A. 将来完成进行时表示动作从将来的某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用。By Friday midday, they will have been working on it for seven days.B.will是情态助动词，有“大概”或“我想”的含义。They will have been having a holiday yesterday.16. 过去将来完成进行时A. 在间接引语中，若主句为过去时态，则用于宾语从句中的间接引语则要把将