哈佛精英英语学科九年级定语从句

1、哈佛精英英语学科九年级定语从句讲义知识点一：定语从句的概念1、 定语：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。例题讲解：You are a beautiful girl.（修饰girl） He is a kind man.(修饰man) I am an English teacher.（修饰teacher）2、 从句：由连词引导的一个句子定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句3. 先行词和引导词被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词

2、”。例题讲解：The girl sitting here is my sister. The girl who is sitting here is my sisiter. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.知识点二：. 关系代词（九九归一）关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why。<>注

3、意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。I dont like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。限制性定语从句1、关系代词：thatthat多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。例题讲解：Its a question that (which) needs careful consideration.这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（指物，作为主语。）Who is the man that is reading a mag

4、azine under the tree?树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？（指人，作为主语。）The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Toms sister.我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。（指人，作宾语，可省略。）2、关系代词：whichwhich指物，在从句中作为主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。例题讲解：They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。（主语）The farm (which) we visited yesterd

5、ay is located in the suburb of Beijing.我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。（作宾语，可省略。）3、that VS which在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。1）. 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的是训练。everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。Have you everything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗？Is there anything I

6、can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗？All you have to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下电钮。2）. 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。3）. 先行词被序数词修饰时this is the first book that I bought myself.4）. 先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.

7、他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。5）.主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.6）.如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before7）.在there be句型中,只用that.He asked for the latest book (that)

8、there is on the subject.8)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。e.g. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.只能使用which的情况。1）非限制性定语从句中。e.g. Mary has a book, which is very precious.2）在介词之后。e.g. This is a house in which lives an old man.3）当主句中的主语被that修饰时。e.g. That dog which I found in t

9、he street belongs to Mary.课堂练习：1.Whos the comrade _ you just shook hands with? 2.The newly built café,the walls of_ are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.3. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited. 4. He is the only man _ I can fin

10、d for the work. 5Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt,_ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.6. You must watch carefully everything _ the teacher does in class. 7. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.8.The last place _ 

11、we visited in the countryside was a farm.4.、关系代词：who关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个人。（who在句中作为主语）Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent. 成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。5、 关系代词：whom例题讲解：He is the man whom I saw in the

12、 park yesterday.他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.课堂练习：用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. The family _had lost everything

13、 in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？6.、关系代词：whose用来指人或物（只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例题讲解：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which

14、) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。1. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.   A. that                B. wh

15、ich      C. whose              D. what 2. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen.    

16、0; A. that         B. which         C. whose      D. What知识点三：关系副词牢记关系词三个作用：1、引导定语从句  2、代替先行词  3、在其所定语从句中担当一个成分 关系代词引导定语从句时，关系代词在从

17、句中充当主语、宾语或定语 关系副词引导定语从句时，关系副词在从句中充当状语    关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词    why  =for which               where =in/ at/ on/ . which

18、60;(介词同先行词搭配)     when  =during/ on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) 例题讲解：1. where指地点（用于先行词是地点时），在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。      (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.&

19、#160;   (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  2. When指时间（用于先行词是时间时）。在定语从句中做时间状语。    (1) I still remember the day when I fir

20、st came to the school.    (2) The time when we got together finally came.  3. why指原因（通常是先行词是reason时），在定语从句中做原因状语。   (1) Please tell me the reason why you&#

21、160;missed the plane.    (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  4. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换    (1) The reason why/ for which he

22、0;refused the invitation is not clear,    (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

23、0;【注意】 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。  2）that前不能有介词。  3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同定语从句中关系副词when ,where和why互换。  This is the house in which I lived two years ago.  = This is the&#

24、160;house where I lived two years ago Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?  = Do you remember the day when you joined our club?  

25、;This is the reason why he came late.  = This is the reason for which he came late.课堂练习：1. There are lots of things    I need to prepare before&#

26、160;the trip.    A. who           B. that            C. whom        D. whose 2. Jim d

27、islikes people _talk much but never do anything .    A.who        B.whom      C.whose 3.I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for hi

28、s holiday.  -Oh, how nice! Do you know when he_?    A.left       B.was leaving         C.has left      D.had&#

29、160;left 4. We are trying to help those children _ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.     A. which   B. when       &#

30、160;C. who    D. whose 5. Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom?    A.who        B.which   C.when 6. Smith hates&

31、#160;some persons _talk too much but do nothing.    A.whom   B.when   C.whose  D.who 7. The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.   -Ye

32、s. They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.    A.which       B.what   C./     D.who知识点五：非限制性定语从句 非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进

33、一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立     1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句        Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the ea

34、rthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。)     3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.5.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。       Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, 

35、;retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。        This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。     6.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 

36、对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，        He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。课堂练习：1. The place _interested me most was&

37、#160;the Children's Palace. A. Which    B. where   C. what   D. in which 2. Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke   B. to who

38、 spoke   C. I spoke to   D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed       B. at that they stayed&

39、#160;  C. where they stayed at     D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which   B. that

40、   C. when   D. on which 5. That is the day _I'll never forget. A. which   B. on which   C. in which   D. when定语从句专项练习1.Sorry, we d

41、ont have the coat _ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which2.This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom3.Do you know the man _ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom4.The book _ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. w

42、hen D. what5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that6.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit Korea. A. which B. who C. what D. how7.I shall never forget those years _

43、 I lived on the farm with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 8.Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D

44、. this school where 10.-What kind of music do you like? -I like music _ has great lyrics. A. that B. what C. who D. whose11.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket. A. which B. that C. what D. where12.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. which B. where C. what D

45、. in which13.The computer _ last week has gone wrong. A. which I bought it B. I bought C. what I bought D. I bought it14.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which15.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree? A. who B. whom C. which D

46、. where16.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother? A. who B. whom C. which D. what17.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher. A. what B. whose C. whom D. which18.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright. A. that B. who C. how D. why19.I hate people _ talk m

47、uch but do little. A. whom B. which C. who D. when20.I am one of the boys _never late for school. A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk _ would like to speak with you. A. he B. who C. which D. whom22.I love the small village _ I was born. A. that B.

48、 which C. where D. whose23.Here comes the girl _ handwriting is the best in our class. A. which B. whose C. that D. who24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes _ can last a long time. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose25.-Is the girl _ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? -Y

49、es, she is a journalist from CCTV. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose26.-Do you know everybody _ came to the party? -No, I dont know the one_ you had a long talk with near the door. A. who;/ B. whose; that C. that; which D. /; whom27.The boy_ won the first prize is called Roy. A. when B. whom C. who D

50、. which28.Children like houses _ are painted in different colours. A. which B. they C. those D. what29.Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions? A. who B. where C. that D. it30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory _ hard work was repaid with the development of

51、 the factory. A. where B. whose C. in which D. that 一、用适当的关系词填空： 1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day_   we met each othe

52、r last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family. 5. I

53、9;ll never forget the last day_ we spent together. 6. This is the school _I used to study.  7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week? 

54、8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China. 13. There was