动词时态课件精编版

1、动词的时态动词的时态一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在一般现在一般现在时时现在进行现在进行时时现在完成现在完成时时现在完成进行现在完成进行时时过去过去一般过去一般过去时时过去进行过去进行时时过去完成过去完成时时过去完成进行过去完成进行时时将来将来一般将来一般将来时时将来进行将来进行时时将来完成将来完成时时将来完成进行将来完成进行时时过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来时时过去将来过去将来进行时进行时过去将来过去将来完成时完成时过去将来完成过去将来完成进行时进行时式式时时类别类别特点特点意义意义举例举例实义动词实义动词 (vt. vi.)及物动词跟宾语及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达

2、完整须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能直不及物动词不能直接接宾语接接宾语能独立作谓语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词系动词(link-v)跟表语跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思成完整意思I am a student.助动词助动词(aux. v.)跟动词原形或分词跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watch

3、ing TV.情态动词情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动词原形（有自跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化的变化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类二、短语动词二、短语动词构成方式构成方式举例举例动词动词+介词介词Look at, look after动词动词+副词副词Give up, put into动词动词+副词副词+介词介词Catch up wi

4、th, look down upon动词动词+名词名词+介词介词Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容词形容词+介词介词Be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结构复杂结构Make up ones mind：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下如下三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词形形 式式意意 义义举举 例例人称人称与主语在人称一致与主语在人称一致I am reading now. I am readin

5、g now. 第一人称第一人称数数与主语在数上一致与主语在数上一致He writes well. He writes well. 第三人称单数第三人称单数时态时态表示动作发生的时间表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last He wrote a letter to me last month. month. 过去时态过去时态语态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承主语是动作的发生者或者承受者受者We study English.We study English.主动主动The road was filled with rubbish. The road was fill

6、ed with rubbish. 被动被动语气语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等望等He has flown to America. He has flown to America. 事实事实I wish I could fly to the moon I wish I could fly to the moon some day. some day. 愿望愿望1、谓语动词、谓语动词(如下如下)2、非谓语动词、非谓语动词2、非谓语动词、非谓语动词形式形式意义意义用途用途举例举例不定式不定式起形容词和名起形容词和名词作用词作用可作主语、表语、可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状宾

7、语、定语、状语语It takes me 20 minutes to go to school动名词动名词起名词作用起名词作用作主语和宾语作主语和宾语She likes reading.分分词词现在分词现在分词起形容词、副起形容词、副词作用，表主词作用，表主动动作表语、定语、作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足状语、宾语补足语语The cup is broken过去分词过去分词起形容词、副起形容词、副词作用，表被词作用，表被动动The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.w一般现在时一般现在时 ： 一般过去时一般过去时w am is are was wer

8、ew do（does） did1.一般现在时一般现在时（1 1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态（2 2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力（3 3）表示客观事实或普遍用法）表示客观事实或普遍用法（4 4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时）用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.Weeg.We oftenoften writewrite toto eacheach other. other. 我们时常相互通信。我们时常相互通信。 常与常与alwaysalways，usuallyusually，oftenoften，sometimessometim

9、es，everyevery dayday，onceonce a a weekweek，yearlyyearly每年，每年，monthlymonthly每月，每月， 等时间状语或频率副词连用。等时间状语或频率副词连用。 eg.He works hard.eg.He works hard.他努力工作他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try

10、.eg.You will succeed if you try .I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday. 常与连词：常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句时间状语或条件状语从句wThe bab

11、y is generally healthy, but every now and then he _ a cold.wA. has caught B. is catchingwC. will catch D. does catchwI _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.wA. will play B. have playedwC. played D. playwWhen he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowled

12、ge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.wA. was coming B. had comewC. comes D. would comeIf it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.wA. isnt rain wB. wont rainwC. doesnt rain wD. doesnt finewRemember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.wA. are writin

13、g wB. will writewC. has written wD. write2.一般过去时一般过去时( (1).1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. . e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?( (2).2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. . e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle schoo

14、l years, he played football nearly every day.( (3).3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等表示主语过去的特征或性格等. . e.g. At that time she spoke very good English. (4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用连用.如如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等等,也常和也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用等引导的状语从句连用. e.g. Did

15、you play volleyball yesterday afternoon?My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.(5).一般过去时可与一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用等时间状语连用. e.g. I saw him today. He came late three times this week.A:Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.B:_Oh,howniceofyou!I_you_tobrin

16、gmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didntthink;weregoingD.hadtthought;weregoingWouldyoupleasesaythatagain？I_whatyousaid. didntfollow B.dontfollowC.haventfollow一般将来时一般将来时和和过去将来时过去将来时willdowoulddobegoingtodobeabouttodobetodobedoing3.一般将来时一般将来时a.will / shall +动词原形(备：在口语中，备：在口语中，shal

17、l和和will常缩写成常缩写成ll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和和will not的简略式分别为的简略式分别为shant和和wont)(1)构成构成b. be going to + 动词原形c. be + 动词-ing形式（动词动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）等）d.be + 动词不定式 （例：例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m. 你必须在上午你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按

18、计划或正式安排将发生的事点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 ）(2)用法用法表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要反复发生的动作表示将要反复发生的动作 (3)常用结构常用结构用于用于祈使句祈使句 + and + 陈术句陈术句中。中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed. 与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will help you. 用于用于I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句宾语从句中。中。 I dont

19、think the test will be very difficult.w Look at the black clouds. It _ soon.w- Sure. If only we _ out.A. is raining; didnt comeB. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent startedD. is going to rain; hadnt comewThe plane at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.wA. has lef

20、t wB. is to leave w C. will have left wD. leaves8.过去将来时过去将来时（1 1）意义：）意义：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态的状态,常用在宾语从句中常用在宾语从句中.（2 2）构成：）构成：主语主语+would/should+动词原形动词原形 主语主语+was/were+going to +动词原形动词原形 例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether he would do it . I didnt know if she

21、was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.w ( ) 3. w There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.w A. was w B. is going to havew C. will have w D. is going to bew How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?w - I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.w A. didnt

22、 decide; am consideringw B. havent decided; considerw C. havent decided; am consideringw D. hadnt decided; have consideredw Remember the first time we met, Jim? Of course I do. You in the library. wA. were reading wB. had read wC. have read wD. readwThe children very quiet；I wonder what they up to.w

23、A. were； are being wB. are being；are wC. are；do wD. are being；dow Whats the matter? The shoes dont fit properly. Theymy feet.wA. are hurting wB. will hurt w C. have hurt w D. are hurt w 将来进行时：强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行将来进行时：强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行的动作的动作 will / shall + be + v+ingw 将来完成时：强调在将来某时刻之前完成的动作将来完成时：强调在将来某时刻之前完

24、成的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,常和终止性动词连用。常和终止性动词连用。will/shall + have + vedw Will do tomorroww Will be doing at 4:00 tomorroww Will have done by next week We will do the work tomorrow.We will be doing the work at 4:00 tomorrow.We will have finished the work by tomorrow.w现在进行时现在进行时 is doingw过去进行时过去进行时 was doing 4.现

25、在进行时现在进行时(1)(1)意义：意义：a.a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与常与now,the moment等连用。等连用。(2)(2)构成：构成：主语主语+be+现在分词现在分词(v.+ing)例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一种重复的动作，带有表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶厌恶”、“赞叹赞叹

26、”等感情色彩。等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about. 注注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。现在进行时的练习现在进行时的练习1. Its nine oclock. My father_ (work) in the office. 2. The boy_(always put) the rubbish into the bin.5.过去进行时过去进行时(1)(1)意义：意义：（2 2）构成：）构成：主语主语+was/were+现在分词现在分词1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：表示过去某一时刻正在进

27、行的动作。如：What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。 3用于用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如：如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai

28、. w Are you a visitor here? Thats right. Iround the world and now my dream of coming to Chinatrue.wA. have traveled； has come wB. was traveling； had been come C. am traveling； has come wD. have traveled； has been comew w What were you up to when your parents came in? Ifor a while andsome reading.wA.

29、 was playing； was going to do w B. played； did C. had played； was going to do w D. had played； didwA: What were you doing when Tony phoned you? wB: I had just finished my work w and _ to take a shower.wA. had started B. started wC have started D. was startingw9. -Has Jack finished his homework yet?w

30、-I have no idea. He_ it this morning.wA. was doing wB. had been doing w C. has done wD. did现在完成时现在完成时 和和 过去完成时过去完成时 Have had done（has） done6.现在完成时现在完成时（1）意义：）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在一直延续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。（2）结构：）结构：助动词助动词have/has + 动词

31、的过去分词动词的过去分词（3）四大标志词：）四大标志词： * 以以already, just和和yet为标志：为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以以ever和和never为标志：为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志：以动作发生的次数为标志：He says he has been to the USA three times. * 以以so far为标志：为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生发生w （4）注：）注：a.*“终止终止”、“延续延续”要转换

32、要转换w 常见的有常见的有:w come-be, w go out -be out, w leave-be away (from), w begin-be on, w buy-have, w borrow-keep , w join-be a member / 介词短语介词短语, w die-be dead, w become-be, w open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。等。w b. * 时间时间“点点”、“段段”须分清须分清 for+时间段时间段 since+过去某一时刻过去某一时刻w6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank

33、.A. gone, goneB. been, beenwC. gone, beenD. been, gonew7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has diedwC. has been deadD. has been diedw8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. forw9. Betty this morning? Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.wA. Have you seen

34、 wB. Will you see wC. Do you see wD. Did you see 7.过去完成时过去完成时(1)概念概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如去的过去。如: When we got there, the football match had already started. 当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。(2)构成构成:肯定句：主语肯定句：主语+had+过去分词过去分词+其他其他 否定句：主语否定句：主语+ha

35、d not+过去分词过去分词+其他其他 疑问句：疑问句：Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+其他其他w 3)用法用法: w A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：常用以下几种方式： (1) 用用by，before等构成的介词短语。等构成的介词短语。 w eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用用when, before, after等引导的时间状语等引导的时间状语从句。从句

36、。w eg:The train had started before we got to the station.w w B. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。或从句连用。w eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.wHardly had 主语 done when didwScarcely had 主语 do

37、ne when didwNo sooner had 主语 done than didwHardly had 主语主语 done when didwHardly had I got into the house when it began to rain.wI had Hardly got into the house when It began to rain.wScarcely had 主语 done when didwScarcely had I got into the house when It began to rain.wNo sooner had 主语 done than did

38、wNo sooner had I got into the house than It began to rain.wI had no sooner got into the house than It began to rain.wShe to the office than she got down to writing the report.wA. has no sooner got wB. had hardly gotC. no sooner got wD. had no sooner gotwJim talked for about half an hour yesterday. N

39、ever him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hear wC. I had heard D. had I heardw you the editor at the airport? No, he away before my arrival.wA. Have.met； has driven wB. Had.met； was driven C. Did.meet； had been driven w D. Have.met； had driven 过去完成时w John and Ifriends for eight years. We first got t

40、o know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that.w A. had been； have met w B. have been； have metC. had been； had met w D. have been； had metw Alice came back home the day before yesterday. Really ? Where ?wA. has she been wB. had she been w C. has she gone wD.

41、 had she gone w 现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响 强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在过去完成时：强调过去的过去过去完成时：强调过去的过去w 完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作到现在的动作 w have/ has +been + v+ingw had+been + v+ingw Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer? No, it for four days when we arri

42、ved, so the roads were very muddy.wA. was raining wB. had been raining wC. would be raining wD. rained w He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.w has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wroteC. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has wri

43、tten w How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?w - I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.w A. didnt decide; am consideringw B. havent decided; considerw C. havent decided; am consideringw D. hadnt decided; have considered5.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I_forChongqing/A.AmleavingB.willhaveleftC.hadw

44、orkedD.wasworking6.Moststudents(take)_sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.w I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and Imy guests in my office.w A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have metw Is Tom still smoking? No. By ne

45、xt Saturday he for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.wA. will go B. will have gone wC. will have been D. has been going w What were you up to when your parents came in?w Ifor a while andsome reading.wA. was playing； was going to do wB. played； did C. had played； was going to do wD. ha

46、d played； didw 现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响 强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在have (has) donew 过去完成时：强调过去的过去过去完成时：强调过去的过去w Had donew 完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作到现在的动作 w have/ has +been + v+ingSince+点时间For+段时间 Just ,1year现在完成时Just,up to now, so far, till now ,recently, ever, lately

47、, already. yetw现在完成时现在完成时 have donew现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have been doingThe rain has stopped.The rain has been raining through the day.=(since yesterday.)w He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.wA. has been writing； has written w B. has been writing； wroteC. is

48、writing； has been writing w D. has written； has written w How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?w - I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.w A. didnt decide; am considering w B. havent decided; considerw C. havent decided; am consideringw D. hadnt decided; have considered动词的时态技巧总结点时间,by引导,选用完成式./ sinc

49、e点, for时段,刚好一年(just 1year) 现在完成时By +(the end of )+现在时间=现在完成时By +(the end of )+过去时间=过去完成时By +(the end of )+将来时间=将来完成时 1.时态时态: 完成时：完成时：by now: We have finished all the work (by now).by next week: Wewillhavefinishedallthework bynextweek.(by the time you get there).by last week:Wehadfinishedalltheworkby

50、lastnight.一般过去时一般过去时did过去完成时过去完成时haddone现在完成时现在完成时havedone Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromisedD.hadpromisedw 她一到家天就开始下雨。w (hardlywhen/no soonerthan.)Hardly had she got home when it began to rain.Scarcelyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadshegothomethanitbeganto

51、rain.1. -Where is Jim?-He _ to the shop. Hell be back in an hour. goes B. go C. has gone D. will go2. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see3. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been leftPractice:w3

52、.As soon as I_ _(get) home, it started to rain heavily.(2003-12B)4.Hardly had we gathered in the square when it (begin) _to rain.(2005-1B)7.Next week we (sign) _the sales contract with the new supplier.(2006-6B)8.He said, “I_a lot of new words by the end of last year.”(2002-12B) had already learnt B

53、. would have already learntC. have already learnt D. already learnt9.When I found Linda, she (play) _ table tennis with her friend Jean.(2002-6B)w9.Up till now I (spend) _a great deal of money on books, magazines and newspapers.w10.In these five years, the foundation (collect) _a large amount of mon

54、ey.w11.This is the first time I (see) _such a terrible scene.w10.The police promised that they (try)_ their best to look into the matter.(2002-6A)w11.Though he _(prepare )well before the job interview, he failed to answer some important questions.(2005-6A)12.Jim told me he (join) _the army two years

55、 before.(2003-12A)13.Tom took no notice of what I was saying because he thought I (cheat)_him.(2001-12A)w14.This time next week Ill be on vocation. Probably I_ on a beautiful beach.(2003-12A)wA. am lying B. have lain wC. will be lying D. will have lain15.By the end of this year the factory (produce)_20,000 cell phones.(2005-12A)16.By the time you get to Shanghai tomorrow, I_ for Chongqing.(2004-6A)w17.Most students (take) _ sixty credits by the time they graduate.(2003-6A)w18.He _(work )in this company since he graduated from Andong Technica