水源热泵中央空调回灌技术的推广毕业设计外文翻译

1、毕业论文（设计）外文翻译题 目： 水源热泵中央空调回灌技术的推广 系部名称： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 教师职称： 2013年03月15日8水源热泵中央空调回灌技术的推广简介：在未来的几年中，中国面临着巨大的能源压力。一方面，中国的经济要保持较高速度的增长，另一方面，又必须考虑环保和可持续发展问题。所以要求提高能源利用效率，要求能源结构调整。在未来的几年中，中国面临着巨大的能源压力。一方面，中国的经济要保持较高速度的增长，另一方面，又必须考虑环保和可持续发展问题。所以要求提高能源利用效率，要求能源结构调整。目前随着我国住宅市场化改革，新建商品住宅小区飞速发展，随着城市环境问

2、题的日益重视和能源结构的调整，沈阳地区新建小区一般就不再运行采用燃煤锅炉房供热，何种方式可以经济、清洁地解决这些新建小区的供热问题成为目前住宅建设中的大问题。另一方面，近年来我国住宅空调安装率迅速增长。沈阳居民住宅空调拥有率已超过20，并且目前家用空调拥有率仍在飞速增长，很可能成为冰箱、彩电后迅速普及的又一种家电。这样，住宅环境就不再仅仅是采暖问题，而是要统一考虑采暖和空调的需求。为此，采用深井回灌的水源热泵方式可能成为满足这种需求的住宅供热、制冷空调方式。一、水源热泵技术的概念和工作原理 水源热泵技术是利用地球表面浅层水源如地下水、河流和湖泊中吸收的太阳能和地能而形成的低温低位热能资源，并采

3、用热泵原理，通过少量的高位电能输入，实现低位热能向高位热能转移的一种技术。地球表面浅层水源如深度在1000米以内的地下水、地表的河流和湖泊和海洋中，吸收了太阳进入地球的相当的辐射能量，并且水源的温度一般都十分稳定。水源热泵机组工作原理就是在夏季将建筑物中的热量转移到水源中，由于水源温度低，所以可以高效地带走热量，而冬季，则从水源中提取能量，由热泵原理通过空气或水作为载冷剂提升温度后送到建筑物中。下图为水源热泵系统的基本原理。地下水从深井1中抽出进入板式热交换器3，与楼内循环水系统的水换热后，再通过深井2排到地下。循环水系统经住宅楼内管网送入各户，经各户的水源热泵产生热水（冬季）或冷水（夏季）送

4、入末端装置，满足供热或空调的要求。深井回灌水源热泵原理图图中同时标出设计工况下各处冬季(夏季)的温度。从图中可看出，这种方式在冬季是间接地利用地下水作为媒介，取地下深层砂、石的热量作为各户热泵的热源向户内供热，同时将建筑物中取得的冷量排入地下。而在夏季则通过地下水作为媒介，以它作为各户热泵的冷却水，同时将建筑物产生的热量排入地下。这样冬季从地下取热存冷，夏季取冷存热，若建筑物冬季供热量与夏季供冷量差不多，则一年内地下基本热平衡，未取出或存入热量，不会造成地下的热污染。同时，由于冬季地下水温度远比室外空气温度高，因此冬季热泵效率比空气-水热泵高，并且不存在结露等问题。夏季则以1226为制冷机的冷

5、却水，可以得到很高的cop，甚至在某些情况下可直接用此水作为冷源进行空调，而不用开启水源热泵。由于地下水通过换热器3换热后排回地下，仅仅利用了地下水的冷量（热量），而不消耗一滴水资源，地下水的整个流程都不与空气接触，因此也不会造成地下水资源的污染。二、水源热泵中央空调技术在国内外发展动态 水源热泵技术（以下简称gwhp）的提出始于英、美两国，美国从20世纪30年代即开始应用。1948年俄勒冈州的一位工程师krocker开创了水源热泵在商用建筑中的应用。20世纪50年代欧洲出现了利用gwhp的第一次高潮。由于当时能源价格低，这种系统缺乏经济竞争力，而未得到推广。随着近十几年来，尤其是近五年来，能

6、源价格的提高，gwhp在北美如美国、加拿大及中、北欧如瑞士、瑞典等国家取得了较快的发展，据1999年的统计，为家用的供热装置中，gshps所占比例，瑞士为96，奥地利为38，丹麦为27。 中国早在50年代，就曾在上海、天津等地尝试夏取冬灌的方式抽取地下水制冷，天津大学热能研究所吕灿仁教授就开展了我国热泵的最早研究，1965年研制成功国内第一台水冷式热泵空调机。目前，国内的清华大学、天津大学、重庆大学、天津商学院、山东建工学院、中国科学院广州能源研究所等多家大学和研究机构都在对水源热泵进行研究。其中清华大学经过多年在多工况水源热泵的研究已经形成产业化的成果，已建成多个示范工程。可以预计，该项技术

7、将会成为21世纪最有效的供热和供冷空调技术。三、水源热泵技术在沈阳地区推广的优越性 1、水文地质条件适宜水源是应用水源热泵的前提，水源系统的水量、水温、水质和供水稳定性是影响水源热泵系统运行效果的重要因素。沈阳整个城区地处浑河冲洪积平原上，含水层主要为粗砂、圆砾及卵石，地下水资源含量丰富，随着近几年保护地下水资源力度加大，加上工厂向郊区迁移，沈阳地下漏斗区已经基本消除。现在，地下水水位在50-60m之间，埋深5-13m。水温冬夏恒定保持在12，ph值在6.5-8.5之间，地下水水质在全国水资源评价中为优。沈阳城区这种独特的水文地质条件，在全国是绝无仅有的，满足水源热泵系统运行时对水源“水量充足

8、，水温适度，水质适宜，供水稳定”的要求，适合水源热泵系统在沈阳大范围的推广。 2、水源热泵技术在建筑领域中应用的优越性水源热泵作为一种新型的供暖制冷技术，越来越受到国内外的广泛关注，其在建筑领域中的优势有以下几个方面： 较低的能量消耗。地源热泵最大的优势是与常规供热和制冷空调系统相比少消耗电能。在适宜的条件下比空气热泵系统节省能源40%以上，比电采暖节能70%以上。 改善了建筑外观。由于没有室外压缩机或冷却水塔，因此破坏建筑外观的可能性大为降低或消除。 较低的环境影响。比较燃煤锅炉co2排放量与用相同燃料产生电驱动所排放的co2量，可减少30%-50%，在环保中将发挥很大的作用。 占地面积少。

9、同燃煤锅炉房相比，占地面积可减少一半以上，若将热泵机组放到地下，则不占用地上空间。四、水源热泵技术在沈阳地区应用及存在的问题 水源热泵技术是从1998年引入沈阳地区的，比较早的有东电宿舍楼、沈阳自动化所、辽宁科技大厦、医大二院等，供暖制冷面积大的10万m2以上，小的只有2000m2。比较典型的是沈阳自动化研究所，该所建筑面积4.6万m2，1999年引入水源热泵中央空调系统用以替代原有的2台燃煤锅炉。2002年，冬季供暖152天，夏季制冷100天。全年运行费用为21.33元/m2。全年采暖及制冷节约费用7万元。 通过考察近几年来沈阳市水源热泵的建设和运行情况来看，由于引进的热泵机组都是比较成型的

10、技术，在运行效率及维护保养方面都能够到达要求。但作为热泵系统的关键组成部分之一的井群方面，回灌和成井工艺上还存在诸多问题，主要表现在以下几个方面：一是在设计抽、灌井间距时通常参照地源热泵生产厂家的经验值，忽略了不同地貌单元的水文地质因素，井间距设计过大，对于高密度住宅小区或城区商用建筑应用深井回灌式水源热泵系统来说，由于可利用建筑用地的面积限制，井群无法布置，严重影响了水源热泵系统在沈阳的推广使用。如医大二院水源热泵空调井间距过大，回灌井数量达不到要求，机组运行时，水回灌不下去。沈阳市自动化所也因回灌井无法布开，导致部分建筑无法利用水源热泵供暖。还有部分用户为解决回灌问题，直接将水排入下水管道

11、，没有回灌入地下，浪费了大量的地下水资源。二是成井工艺落后，成井质量不好，不仅影响井的寿命，还影响到取水和回灌效果，最终影响水源热泵正常工作和制热或制冷效果。现在沈阳的成井工艺仍然延续多年前的做法，回灌井采用钢筋骨架缠丝包网式滤管。这种滤管在使用一段时间以后，作为缠丝的铁线严重锈蚀，管井被阻塞，导致回灌井的回灌系数、使用寿命都有所下降，制约了热泵技术的推广。五、我公司解决水源热泵回灌及成井工艺问题的研究1、抽、灌井群间距的研究由于向地下回灌比取水要困难，因此，可行的方案为打三口井，一口取水，两口回灌，即抽水井与回灌井的数量比为1：2。在回灌时，为避免回灌井对抽水井“热贯通”影响，保持抽水井水温

12、恒定，三口井间要保证足够距离，通常为100m以上。若三口井布置为如下图所示边长为100m的等边三角形，抽、灌水量为100m3/h，按热泵机组运行时，供暖（制冷时需水量要少）10000m2需水量100m3/h计算，则在此场区内用地源热泵供暖、制冷的建筑面积为10000m2。 三口井布置图我公司根据沈阳地区的水文地质条件，参考国内外有关研究成果，通过具体工程实践，认为抽、灌井间距缩短到60m是完全可行的，如国府肥牛热泵抽灌井间距为50m，运行情况良好，未出现抽灌井“热贯通”现象。地王国际花园抽、灌井群最小间距为60m。这样同样是在边长为100m的等边三角形区域内，可以布设取水井2眼，回灌井4眼，能

13、够为20000m2的建筑面积采暖、制冷。也就是在同样的场地上，最大限度的增加布设井数，解决了由于场地限制因素导致热泵系统无法应用的问题。同时，因为抽、灌井间距缩短，增加了单井回灌量。2、成井新材料新工艺的研制开发我公司根据沈阳地区的水文地质条件，研制出钢筋骨架包塑料板缠丝包网式滤管成井新工艺，该种滤管的优点是耐腐蚀，能延长管井使用寿命，重量轻，其规格与性能均能满足粗、细颗粒含水层成井之用。与硬质塑料滤水管相比，最大的优越性就是强度高，能够抵挡住回灌时强大的过水冲击力。经过近几年实验及工程实践证明，此技术可以极大的提高井的使用寿命，也得到了水源热泵空调用户的认可，地王国际花园、东大智慧鑫园都指定

14、用我们的技术。利用这次机会，我们将进一步研究这种滤管的热传导性能及渗透能力，并申请专利，促进这项技术在沈阳的推广使用。六、水源热泵技术在沈阳的推广应用1、水源热泵技术在沈阳推广的意义节能、运行费用低由于水源热泵是以水作为热源和供热介质的供热制冷技术。在运行时，将地下水热能经水源热泵机组交换热量后排出再注入地下含水层中去，回灌储能，以地下水作为冷热源，冬灌夏用，夏灌冬用。在这一过程中只消耗很少的电能。其制冷、制热系数可达3.54.4，与传统的空气源热泵相比，要高出40%左右，其运行费用为普通中央空调的5060。水源热泵与锅炉（电、燃料）和空气源热泵的供热系统相比有明显的优势。锅炉供热只能将90%

15、98%的电能或7090%的燃料内能转化为热量，供用户使用，因此水源热泵要比电锅炉加热节省三分之二以上的电能，比燃料锅炉节省二分之一以上的能量； 环保在中国的传统的空调系统概念中，由于国家的经济发展状况和政策的影响，在相当长的时期中，北方一般以燃煤锅炉解决冬季取暖问题。水源热泵在运行时，只是通过地下水的抽取与回灌提取热能，在整个抽灌过程中，管道是全封闭的，不会对地下水造成污染。比较燃煤锅炉co2排放量与用相同燃料产生电驱动所排放的co2量，可减少30%-50%，在环保中将发挥很大的作用。2、推广水源热泵技术的应用前景强调节能环保，是沈阳市供暖结构调整，逐步替代燃煤锅炉房其实可行的方式。供新随着可

16、持续发展和公众环保意识的提高，世界和中国能源利用的结构都正在转变，从原有的煤、石油取暖过渡到以天然气及电等清洁能源。沈阳作为大气污染较为为严重的城市之一，其治理大气污染的政策中就包括能源结构的调整，从以煤为主改为天然气和电力替代能源。但是，替代能源虽然可以部分解决大气污染的问题，可是天然气和石油等都属于不可再生的能源，从可持续发展的角度看，必须提高能源利用效率或者寻找可以再生的能源，而水源热泵机组就是比较理想的一种设备。通过回灌水再利用，解决小区环境用水问题。随着经济的发展，人们生活水平的提高，居民渴望有一个清水环绕的居住环境。但就目前我国的水资源状况来看，单纯的抽取地下水来满足这一要求是不可

17、取的。而水源热泵抽取的水可以在回灌之前创造一个水文景观后，通过处理技术达到回灌水标准后再灌入地下，就很好的解决了这一问题。按目前的技术来看，这是切实可行的。水源热泵技术的推广需要政府从可持续发展的角度，综合能源环保和资源的各方面的考虑，调整水源热泵水源使用的政策，从新确定水源如何管理，才能促使其大规模的发展。我们将利用公司的技术优势，通过与政府有关部门密切合作，为相关行政主管部门在制定行业标准时提供技术咨询。为推动全市经济、社会发展贡献自己的力量。参考文献 1居住建筑节能设计标准dbj14-037-2006. 2公共建筑节能设计标准dbj14-036-2006. 3地面辐射供暖技术规程jgj1

18、42-2004.本文摘译自 2011年第8期暖通空调杂志目次water source heat pump central air conditioning recharge technology promotiondescription: in the next few years, china faces huge energy pressure. on the one hand, china's economy to maintain a high rate of growth, on the other hand, it must consider environmental p

19、rotection and sustainable development issues. so for greater energy efficiency, requiring adjustment of energy structure.in the next few years, china faces a huge energy pressure. on the one hand, china's economy to maintain a high rate of growth, on the other hand, it must consider environmenta

20、l protection and sustainable development issues. so for greater energy efficiency, requiring adjustment of energy structure. with the current housing market-oriented reforms in china, the rapid development of new commercial residential area, with increasing emphasis on urban environmental issues and

21、 energy structure adjustment, new district general in shenyang will no longer run by coal-fired boiler room heating, the manner in which can be economical and clean way to solve these problems the new district heating become a major issue in residential construction. on the other hand, in recent yea

22、rs china's rapid growth rate of residential air-conditioning installation. shenyang has a residential rate of over 20% of air-conditioning, home air conditioners and currently has a rapid growth rate is still very likely to be the refrigerator, color tv and after a rapid spread of home appliance

23、s. this environment is no longer just a residential heating problems, but to consider uniform heating and air conditioning needs. to this end, the use of deep well recharge water source heat pump method may be to meet this demand for residential heating, refrigeration and air conditioning mode.first

24、, the concept of water source heat pump technology and principle water source heat pump technology is the use of the earth's surface shallow water such as groundwater, rivers and lakes in the absorption of solar energy and geothermal energy and the formation of low temperature heat resources, an

25、d heat pump principle, by a small amount of high energy input, low heat to achieve high heat transfer a technology. earth's surface shallow water depth of 1000 meters, such as groundwater, surface streams and lakes and oceans absorb the sun's radiation into the earth's considerable energ

26、y and water temperatures are generally very stable. water source heat pump working principle is the building in the summer heat transferred to the water, because water temperature is low, so it can effectively take the heat in winter, the energy extracted from water by the heat pump principle set ou

27、t by air or water as refrigerant temperature after upgrading to the buildings. the figure below shows the basic principle of water source heat pump system. groundwater extraction from the deep into the plate heat exchanger 1, 3, and the building of the water heat exchanger circulating water system,

28、then discharged through the deep underground 2. residential building by circulating water system pipe network into the households of all households by water source heat pump to produce hot water (winter) or cold (in summer) into the terminal devices, to meet the heating or air conditioning requireme

29、nts.deep recharge water source heat pump schematicdesign conditions while the figure marked throughout the winter (summer) temperatures. can be seen from the figure, this approach is indirect in the winter use of groundwater as the medium, taking deep underground sand, stone and heat as heat source

30、for all households to the indoor heat pump heating, while cooling capacity building in the row to obtain into the ground. in the summer, as the media through the water to all households as a cooling water pump, while the building heat into the ground. this winter, heat from the ground to take the co

31、ld storage, cold storage to take the summer heat, if the building in winter and summer cooling for the amount of heat is similar to the mainland next year, the basic heat balance, heat is not removed or deposited, the heat will not cause ground contamination. also, because water temperature in winte

32、r than outdoor air temperatures are high, so the efficiency of heat pump in winter than air - water heat pump high, and there is no condensation and other issues. summer zeyi 12 26 cooling water for the refrigerator, can be very high cop, and even in some cases, this water can be directly used for a

33、ir conditioning for cooling instead of open water source heat pump. because groundwater heat transfer through the heat exchanger 3, the rear back underground, only the use of groundwater cooling (heat), without consuming a drop of water resources, groundwater is not in contact with air the entire pr

34、ocess, and therefore will not cause groundwater resources pollution.second, the water source heat pump central air conditioning technology developments at home and abroad water source heat pump technology (hereinafter referred to as gwhp) the proposal began in britain and the united states, the unit

35、ed states 30 years from the 20th century began to apply. oregon in 1948, an engineer krocker created a water source heat pump applications in commercial buildings. 50 years of the 20th century occurred in europe for the first time using gwhp climax. at that time, lower energy prices, lack of economi

36、c competitiveness of such systems, but have not been promoted. with the last decade, especially in the last five years, energy price increases, gwhp in north america such as usa, canada and the nordic such as switzerland, sweden and other countries have made rapid development, according to 1999 stat

37、istics, the household heating device, gshps proportion of 96% in switzerland, austria, 38%,27% in denmark. china back in the '50s, once in shanghai, tianjin and other places try to take winter irrigation way summer of extraction of groundwater cooling, tianjin university, institute professor lv

38、canren energy has carried out the earliest studies of heat 1965, successfully developed china's first water-cooled heat pump air conditioners. at present, tsinghua university, tianjin university, chongqing university, tianjin, shandong institute of technology built, the cas guangzhou institute o

39、f energy and many other universities and research institutions in the study of water source heat pump. tsinghua university, which after years of working conditions in a multi-source heat pump industry has formed the research results of several demonstration projects have been completed. can be expec

40、ted that the technology will be most effective in the 21st century heating and cooling air conditioning technology. third, the water source heat pump technology in the region to promote the superiority of shenyang 1. hydrogeological conditions are suitablewater is a prerequisite for application of w

41、ater source heat pump, water system, water, water temperature, water quality and water source heat pump system stability is a run effects of important factors. shenyang is located in the city on the hun river alluvial plain aquifer is mainly coarse sand, gravel and pebbles, abundant groundwater reso

42、urces, with the protection of groundwater resources in recent years intensified, with factories migrate to the suburbs, shenyang underground funnel area has been basically eliminated. now, the groundwater level between the 50-60m, depth 5-13m. summer and winter water temperature maintained at a cons

43、tant 12 , ph value of between 6.5-8.5, groundwater quality, water resources assessment in the country was excellent. shenyang city this unique hydrological and geological conditions is unique in the country to meet the water source heat pump system is running on the water, "adequate water, mode

44、rate temperature, the water is suitable, stable water supply" requirements, water source heat pump system for large-scale promotion in shenyang . 2. the water source heat pump technology in the construction field advantage in the application as a new water source heat pump heating and cooling t

45、echnology, more and more attention at home and abroad, and its advantages in the construction field in the following areas: lower energy consumption. the biggest advantage of ground source heat pump heating and cooling with conventional air conditioning systems consume less power compared. under the

46、 proper conditions of air heat pump system than the 40% energy savings compared to electric heating energy saving over 70%. to improve the building appearance. since there is no outdoor compressors or cooling towers, so the possibility of damage greatly reduced the appearance of the building or elim

47、inated. low environmental impact. comparison of co2 emissions from coal-fired boilers and electric drive with the same fuel amount of co2 emissions can be reduced by 30% -50%, in environmental protection will play a significant role. area are few. compared with coal-fired boiler house, the area can

48、be reduced by half or more, if heat pump into the ground, the floor space is not occupied.fourth, water source heat pump technology applications in the shenyang region and the problems. water source heat pump technology is introduced in 1998 in shenyang, the relatively early with tokyo electric powe

49、r dormitory, shenyang institute of automation, liaoning science and technology building, medical school sophomore, etc., heating and cooling large area of 100,000 m2 or more, only a small 2000m2. typical is the shenyang institute of automation of the construction area by 4.6 million m2, 1999 the int

50、roduction of water source heat pump central air conditioning system to replace the existing two coal-fired boilers. 2002, 152 days in winter heating, summer cooling 100 days. annual operating cost of 21.33 yuan / m2. heating and cooling cost savings throughout the year 7 million. shenyang city in re

51、cent years by examining the construction and operation of water source heat pumps as far as the introduction of the heat pump units are relatively molding technology, in terms of operating efficiency and maintenance requirements are able to reach. but as a heat pump system is a key component of the

52、well group, the recharge process and as well there are still many problems, mainly in the following areas: first, in the design of pumping and injection wells spaced ground source heat pump is usually the manufacturer with reference to the experience of value, ignoring the different geomorphological

53、 units hydrogeological factors, design of well spacing is too large, for high-density residential district or city commercial construction applications deep recharge water source heat pump system, because the availability of building land area restrictions, well group can not be arranged, seriously

54、affecting the water source heat pump system in promoting the use of shenyang. such as medical sophomore distance between water source heat pump wells is too large, the number of recharge well below standard, unit operation, the water recharge does not continue. shenyang institute of automation is al

55、so due to recharging wells can not be cloth to open, causing part of the construction can not use water source heat pump heating. there are some users to solve problems recharge directly to water into the sewer pipe, did not return poured into the ground, wasted a lot of groundwater resources. secon

56、d, as well backward technology, poor quality as well, not only affect the life of wells, and recharge water also affects the results, and ultimately affect the water source heat pump to work and heating or cooling effect. shenyang is now well into the process has continued the practice of many years

57、 ago, injection well package by wrapping steel skeleton net-filter tube. the filter tubes in use for some time, as seriously corroded wire wrapped around wire, tube well is blocked, resulting in the recharge coefficient of recharge wells, life has declined, limiting heat pump technologies.fifth, i s

58、olve the water source heat pump into the well recharge and process issues of 1. pumping, irrigation group spacing of wells as compared to the ground water recharge difficult, therefore, play a viable solution for the three wells, one water, two recharge, pumping wells and recharge wells that the number of 1:2. in the recharge, in order to avoid the injection well to the pumping well "hot linking" effect, maintaining a constant temperatur