非限制性定从(1)

1、Using LanguageReading II A fact or an opinion 18. prove (P5) v. 证明，证实证明，证实 prove (vt.) + 从句从句 证明证明 n.(pron.) prove (link-v) + n. adj. 证明是证明是 to be + adj.eg. Einsteins theory proved (to be ) correct. We have proved our courage in battle.我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。Ex. Premier Zhou _ to be unfortget

2、table in the hearts of the Chinese people. A. proved B. regarded C. thought D. consideredRead the passage and find out:1. What is a fact ?A fact is anything that can be proved.2. What is an opinion ?An opinion is what someone believes is truebut has not been proved.3. What is an evidence?An evidence

3、 is true information which must befacts rather than opinions. I. Reading 18. prove vt. 证明，证实证明，证实prove + 宾语从句宾语从句 证明证明 n.(pron.) sb./sth. + n./adj. /不定式不定式 prove (link-v) + n. adj. 证明是证明是 显示，表明，结果是显示，表明，结果是 to be + adj.eg. Einsteins theory proved (to be ) correct. We have proved our courage in battl

4、e.我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。我们在战斗中证实了自己的勇气。Ex. Premier Zhou _ to be unfortgettable in the hearts of the Chinese people. A. proved B. regarded C. thought D. consideredI agree _ her views. I agree _ the plan。His words dont agree _ his action.Seafood doesnt agree _ me.Finally, the two sides agreed _ the price of

5、the house.He _a capable man. This novel _ interesting.His words _right.You neednt _ the truth of the news, which has _ true.It _ a terrible ved himself (to be)proved(to be)provedproved(to be)(to be)proveproved(to be)consider（认为，以为）（认为，以为） sb.(sth.) + adj. / n. sb.(sth.) + to be + to do sb

6、.(sth.) + as / that-clause consider （考虑）（考虑） + n. / doing sth. + 疑问词疑问词 +to do sth. consideras. = think of.as look on(upon).as. 把把当作当作 take as. regard.as.Ex. Abraham Lincoln is generally considered _ the greatest president of America. A. to be B. as C. / D. All of the above. Unit 1 Cultural relics G

7、rammar关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代词关系代词 指代指代在从句中的作用在从句中的作用 that which who whom whose(=of which)人物人物 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 宾宾 定定 人人 人人人物人物 物物 Revision as人物人物 主宾主宾 lWhich , that 的区别的区别 1. _可引导限制性与非限制性定语从句可引导限制性与非限制性定语从句, _只引导限制只引导限制性从句性从句. 2. 作介词宾语时作介词宾语时,不可用不可用_, 而用而用_. 3. which与与 that 都指物时都指物时, 只用只用 that 的情况的情况:A. 当先行

8、词由序数词当先行词由序数词,形容词最高级形容词最高级,不定式和不定式和the only ,the very, the last 修饰时修饰时;B. 当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing, something, all, much, little, few 时时; C. 为了避免重复时为了避免重复时;( They secretly built up a small factory _ produce things_could cause pollution.D. 先行词在句中作表语而且关系代词在定语从句中也作表语先行词在句中作表语而且关系

9、代词在定语从句中也作表语时时.( Shanghai is not the city _it used to be.)E. 先行词是在以先行词是在以 who (whom)或或 which开头的特殊句开头的特殊句. F. 先行词即是人又是物先行词即是人又是物.whichthatthatwhichthatthat which关系副词的用关系副词的用法法关系副词关系副词指代指代在从句中的作用在从句中的作用when (=at/in/on /during which) where (=in/at which)why (=for which) 时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语原因原因原因状语

10、原因状语v关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在关系副词引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。定语从句中充当状语。从句在整个句中当定语，所以叫定语从句；而关系词从句在整个句中当定语，所以叫定语从句；而关系词又在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语等成分。又在从句中充当主语，宾语，状语等成分。 1. Look at the girl _ is singing so beautifully.2. Do you know the woman _ our teacher is talking?3. Jim is the boy _ hat is red.4. He gave me a p

11、en _ he bought last week.5. Mary has read all the books _ I lent her.who/thatto whomwhosethat/whichthat/whichFill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns or adverbs.6. Is it the reason _ you were late?7. October 1st is the date _ China celebrates its National Day.8. We walked in a garden _ many

12、trees and flowers had been planted.9. This is the island _ I lived for two years.10. 2001-2005 are the years _ I studied in the university.whywhenwherewherewhenas引导定语从句，多与引导定语从句，多与such和和the same连用，在连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。从句中作主语或宾语。 1.Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 2.Lets discuss only such que

13、stions as concern every one of us. 3.Would you please buy me the same novel as you bought for brother yesterday, Mum? 4. As we all know, John is an honest man. RevisionAttributive Clauses 定语从句的功能？定语从句的功能？ 作用相当于形容词；作用相当于形容词； 提供人或事物更详细的信息；提供人或事物更详细的信息； 简化语言，避免使用两个简单句时重复的内容。简化语言，避免使用两个简单句时重复的内容。引导词：引导词

14、：由关系代词由关系代词which/that或关系副词或关系副词when, where, why等引等引导；也可以用介词导；也可以用介词+关系代词引导。关系代词引导。位置：位置：在所修饰的先行词之后。在所修饰的先行词之后。 The gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys bes

15、t artists about ten years to make. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg, when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.Look at the parts in red. Do you know what kind of clauses they are？Compare the following pairs of sentences and find the differences between them.He is one

16、of the students who has won a scholarship.Frederick William I, to whom the Amber Room belonged, decided not to keep it.She told me something that happened yesterday.She told me something untrue, which made me angry.III. Comparing限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句结构结构功能功能形式形式修饰先行词修饰先行词修饰先行词或整个句子修饰先行词或整个句

17、子无逗号与主句分开无逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开有逗号与主句分开使用时可以用使用时可以用that引导引导使用时不能用使用时不能用that引导引导与主句语意关系与主句语意关系紧凑，定语从句紧凑，定语从句不能删除不能删除与主句语意关系松散，与主句语意关系松散，定语从句可以删除定语从句可以删除ComparingRead the passage again and underline all the sentences with attributive clauses and the words or sentences they modify.1. This gift was the Amber

18、Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.2. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey.IV. Doing3. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the countrys best artists about ten years to make.4. However

19、, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the Amber Room belonged, decided not to keep it.5. Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg, where she spent her summers.6. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.Doing7. This was a time when th

20、e two countries were at war.8. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for , which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.9. In 2003 it was ready for the people of St Petersburg when they celebrated the 300th birthday of their city.DoingRestrictive: 2, 6, 7, 9Non-restrict

21、ive: 1, 3, 4, 5, 81. He gave me a pen he bought yesterday.2. He gave me a pen, which he bought yesterday. 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可 以省略。以省略。 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语不可以省略。可以省略。Look at the following sentences and tell the differences of the Attributive Clauses.Choose the best an

22、swer.1. Do you remember the deer farm we visited two months ago? A. why B. when C. that D. how 2. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, was really terrible. A. when B. where C. that D. whichCDV. Practising3. John said hed been working in the lab for an hour, _ was true. A. thatB. wh

23、ichC. whoD. what4. Anne always spoke highly of her colleagues in the movie, _, of course, made the others very happy. A. whoB. whichC. thatD. what 5. Chongqing is the city _ she lived when she was young. A. where B. whichC. whenD. how 6. Do you know the reasons _ he came back? A. howB. whichC. thatD

24、. why BDPractisingBAas 与与 which 的区别的区别 as 引导非限制性定语从句时可放于句首，引导非限制性定语从句时可放于句首，而而which 不可以。不可以。 as 通常翻译成正如通常翻译成正如 就像就像 as 引导的从句在语意上不能与主句相悖。引导的从句在语意上不能与主句相悖。 She was married again, as/which was expected.1. She was married again, which was unexpected.定语从句和同位语从句的区别：定语从句和同位语从句的区别：The fact that he presented

25、 was a strong proof. (定语定语从句从句)The fact that he hadnt said anything surprised me.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）The news that he told me is true.（定语从句）（定语从句）The news that he got a full score is true. （同位语从（同位语从句）句）定语从句是对前面名词或代词的修饰或限定；同位语从句是表示前面的具体内容。定语从句that 做宾语时可以省略，指物时可用which 代替；同位语从句中，that 不作成分，只起连接作用，不能省略，不能用whi

26、ch 代替。when, where 等引导Join the pairs of sentences using restrictive or non-restrictive attributive clauses. 1. Here are the farmers. They discovered the underground city last month. Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month. 2. She got so angry. I dont know the reason. I don

27、t know the reason why she got so angry.Practising Page 43. I remember the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen. I remember the soldier who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.4. The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine. They wanted to hide them. The soldiers moved the boxes to

28、 a mine, where they wanted to hide them.5. Shaanxi Province is a place with many cultural relics. They are well looked after. Shaanxi Province is a place whose/where cultural relics are well looked after. Hangzhou is a famous city in China. Many people come to buy tea in that city.Hangzhou is a famo

29、us city in China, where many people come to buy tea. 7. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. You are talking to an old man. The old man, who you are talking to, saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. / You are talking to the old man who saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.8. The woman remembered the day. She saw Nazis burying something near her home. The woman remember