非谓语动词(1) 2

1、非谓语动词的句法功能非谓语动词的句法功能充当充当除谓语动词以外除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分的各种句子成分 成分成分类别类别主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补不定式不定式(to)+ v 动名词动名词 -ing现在分词现在分词-ing 过去分词过去分词-ed 非谓语非谓语形式形式构成构成时态和语态时态和语态否定式否定式复合结构复合结构不定式不定式动名词动名词分分词词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词to doto have done to be doing to have been doingto be doneto have been donedoinghaving don

2、ebeing donehaving been donedoinghaving donebeing donehaving been donedone在非谓在非谓语前加语前加not或或neverfor sb. to do sth. of sb. to do sth.sb. / sbs doing作主语仅用作主语仅用sbs doing特别注意：特别注意： not having done;ones not doing / ones not having done非谓语动词的考点非谓语动词的考点、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别；、非谓语动词作主语、非谓语动词作主语; 、非谓语动

3、词作表语；、非谓语动词作表语；、非谓语动词作定语；、非谓语动词作定语； 、非谓语动词作宾语；、非谓语动词作宾语；、非谓语动词作宾补；、非谓语动词作宾补；、非谓语动词作状语；、非谓语动词作状语； 、非谓语动词的时态语态；、非谓语动词的时态语态；、非谓语动词否定形式；、非谓语动词否定形式； 、动名词的复合结构、动名词的复合结构; 、不定式的复合结构、不定式的复合结构 ；、关于、关于there be 的非谓语形式。的非谓语形式。、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：高考题点击： “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A.

4、 angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing 两个动作之间用两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语

5、，并列谓语需注意两个动词的连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故谓语动词作状语，故C错。错。seized 和和 took 是并列谓语，是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关是伴随状语。此题的关键是键是and 的位置，如果的位置，如果 and 在在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。前，则三个动词并列。、非谓语动词作主语、非谓语动词作主语注意以下两个重要问题：注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题第一是并行结构问题如：如：See

6、ing is believing. 第二需要注意一些结构：第二需要注意一些结构：A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如：如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在在 Its + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary) 后加后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stu

7、pid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的考虑周到的), mean(卑鄙的卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的自私的) )后加后加 of sb. to do即主表一致性即主表一致性 、非谓语动词作表语、非谓语动词作表语 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do no

8、t make动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及及 not to make it more difficult 都作都作 purpose 的表语。的表语。 The speech was _.The students were greatly_.注意两个问题注意两个问题: 一是并行结构问题一是并行结构问题二是时间问题：二是时间问题： 一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名词

9、作表语一般用来表示动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业身份、职业”等。等。To see is to believe.My dream of life is to become a scientist.My job is teaching.另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。 现在分词现在分词说明主语所具有的特征；说明主语所具有的特征； 过去分词过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。多表示主语所处的状态。inspiringinspired、非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作定语位置：位置：单个分词做定语可放在名词前，其余均放在名词后。单个分词做定语可放

10、在名词前，其余均放在名词后。Do you know the student seated /sitting at the back of the classroom?Have you read the news referring to house prices?the concerned parents 忧心的家长忧心的家长the parents concerned 相关的家长相关的家长、非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作定语 高考题点击：高考题点击：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the

11、beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语修用来作定语修主语主语 flowers。“谋杀谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。3. The

12、picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hunghang 作及物动词用时表示人为的作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂挂”；作不及物动词；作不及物动词用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别： 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓

13、关系； a sleeping childB）动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； a sleeping bagC）不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构： 在在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；等名词后； 由序数词由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；不定式做定语； I dont think he is the best

14、man _(do) the job. He is always the first / the last one _ (leave) the office. to doto leaveD)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作表示正在进行之中的动作The meeting _ yesterday is very important.The meeting _ tomorrow is very impor

15、tant.The meeting _ now is very important.heldto be heldbeing held1. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking介词的宾语一般都用动名词介词的宾语一般都用动名词 、非谓语动词作宾语、非谓语动词作宾语 2. I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B.

16、 to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects注意注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, te

17、nd, desire, plan, pretend, 等；等；注意注意2：动词动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。作宾语。注意注意3：在某些复合宾语中，用在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 例如：例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.4. I really appreciate _ to relax with yo

18、u on this nice island. A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time 仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：admit advocate(提倡提倡)appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind miss practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow permit forbid advise 可以用以下口诀进行记忆：可

19、以用以下口诀进行记忆：(背景为你刚到一个新的单位。背景为你刚到一个新的单位。)避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，承认盼望原谅，想象训练冒险，不禁介意空想，建议考虑逃亡。建议考虑逃亡。 但如果在但如果在 allow permit forbid advise后提到有关的人，后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。如：就只能用不定式作宾补。如：allow sb to do sth 在动词在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于宾

20、语时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。如：如：want doing = want to be done5. - You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _ A. to arrive; lea

21、ving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour. A. waiting B. to waitC. wait D. to be waiting特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词：特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop stop to do 停止手中事，去做

22、另一件事停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）（指动作已经发生） try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力）（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做）（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着）（意识是，意味着） go on to do（接着做另外一件事）（接着做另外一件事） go

23、 on doing（接着做同一件事）（接着做同一件事） cant help (to) do （不能帮忙做）（不能帮忙做） cant help doing （忍不住要做）（忍不住要做）8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. A. set upB. setting upC. have set up D. having set up9. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and th

24、e customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. A. to solving makingB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made要特别注意要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。be accustomed to 习惯于，习惯于， be used to，stick to， turn to ，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward t

25、o，pay attention to, get down to，contribute to, lead to 等等 、非谓语动词作宾补、非谓语动词作宾补常见动词常见动词与宾语的逻与宾语的逻辑关系及时辑关系及时间概念间概念例句例句不不定定式式 现现在在分分词词 过过去去分分词词sb. to dosb. dosb./sth. doing /done主谓关系。主谓关系。强调动作将强调动作将发生或已经发生或已经完成。完成。 The teacher encouraged me to work hard. I heard him call me several times. Who would you l

26、ike to have do the experiment?主谓关系。主谓关系。强调动作强调动作正在进正在进行，尚未行，尚未完成完成动宾关系。动宾关系。动作已经动作已经完成，多完成，多强调状态强调状态I found her listening to the radio.He has the machine running all the time.I wont have my students cheating in the exam. (否定句中表否定句中表“容忍容忍”)We found the village greatly changed.She was surprised that t

27、he washingmachine she had had repaired went wrong again.ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage have(让让) , notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, makenotice, see, watch, hear, find, have(让让) , feel, keep, leave注意点：注意点：一、一、 感官动词的宾语补足语：感官动词的宾语补足语：常见感官动词：常见感官动词：see, watch, observe, look

28、 at, hear, listen to, noticeI heard her _ an English song at the party.I heard her _ an English song when I passed her room yesterday.I heard an English song _ by a little girl the other day.改为被动结构时只有中的非谓语动词需要改变改为被动结构时只有中的非谓语动词需要改变.She was heard _ an English song at the party.to singsingsingingsung二

29、、二、 使役动词的宾语补足语：使役动词的宾语补足语：make / let/ have sb. do get sb. to doMother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you.have sb. doing 用于疑问句、否定句，意为用于疑问句、否定句，意为“容忍、允容忍、允许许”.I wont have you speaking to your mother like that.意为：意为：have / get/ keep sb. / sth. do

30、ingThey had the machine running all night long.Can you help me to get the car going.The cruel woman kept the boy standing in the rain for an hour.我不允许你那样跟你妈妈讲话。我不允许你那样跟你妈妈讲话。 have / get/ make sth. doneIll have/ get my bike _ tomorrow.He raised his voice to make himself _.Tom had his legs _ while pla

31、ying football.意为：意为：Tom踢足球时伤了腿。踢足球时伤了腿。注意：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时，注意：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时，to一定要加上。一定要加上。The father made the boy stay at home.The boy was made _ at home.to stayrepairedheardbrokenhave sth. done 除了表示使某事被做以外，还可用来表示除了表示使某事被做以外，还可用来表示不幸的遭遇。不幸的遭遇。leave sb. doing 使使 保持某种状态保持某种状态 leave sth. undone 留下某事

32、未做留下某事未做 leave sb. to do/ leave sth. to be done 留下某人去做某留下某人去做某事事/留下某事要被做留下某事要被做Its wrong of you to leave the machine _(run).The guest left most of the dishes _(untouch), because they didnt taste delicious.He went to the cinema, leaving me _(do) all the rest of the work.We hurriedly ended our meeting

33、, leaving many problems _( settle).runninguntouchedto doto be settled1. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning2. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done使役动词使役动词 make sb. do

34、sth. 但改为被动语态后，则应为：但改为被动语态后，则应为：be made to do。注意其它不带。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定式的用法。的动词不定式的用法。 此句中的此句中的 it 指代的是指代的是 a computer，what 在从句中作在从句中作 do 的宾的宾语，表示语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事人们让计算机所做的事“应该用应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用结构：的几个常用结构： have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. /

35、 sth. doing ; have (有有) sb. / sth. to do /to be done3. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out4. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to playthat 引导的是定语

36、从句，修饰引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作，在从句中作 see 的宾的宾语。因此从句中的结构应为语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注。特别注意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。感官动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动感官动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。为正在进行的动作。特别注意：特别注意： hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补等没有宾补。5

37、.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。来代替前面的动作。如：如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I didnt mean to.但但be、have (助动词助动词)不可省不可省如：如：

38、China is no longer what it used to be. He hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have. 、非谓语动词作状语、非谓语动词作状语一、不定式可作一、不定式可作目的状语目的状语、结果状语结果状语等等, 还可以用于某些还可以用于某些作表语的形容词后面作原因或结果状语。作表语的形容词后面作原因或结果状语。 I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里，想看看会发生什么。（他待在那里，想看看会发生什么。（_） He hurried to the station, only

39、to find the train gone.他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。他匆忙赶到火车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。（ _） I am very glad to see you. 我很高兴见到你。（我很高兴见到你。（ _） She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了，做不了那项工她太累了，做不了那项工作。（作。（ _）目的目的结果结果原因原因结果结果二、分词在句中可以作二、分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语让步状语、伴随状语等。如：等。如： Being sick, I stayed at h

40、ome. （_）Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice.（_）United, we stand; divided, we fell. 团结则存，分裂则亡。团结则存，分裂则亡。（_）The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it . 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（_）The teacher came into the lab, followed by s

41、ome students. 老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。(_)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 告诉他多次，他还是犯同样的错误。（告诉他多次，他还是犯同样的错误。（_）原因原因时间时间条件条件结果结果伴随伴随让步让步三、注意点：三、注意点：1、非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，、非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。构成主动或被动关系。Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.He

42、aring the news, she burst into tears.2、表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词、表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或或 when引导。如：引导。如：Be careful _the street. 过马路时小心过马路时小心。when crossing3、有时，、有时，“with或或without + 名词（或代词宾格）名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。的结构表示伴随状况或原因。 _ all the work _, he happily went home. 工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。工作都做好了，他愉快地回家了。With

43、finished4、当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自、当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成己的主语，构成独立主格结构独立主格结构。The young man rushed into the room, _ with sweat. 年轻人冲进屋，满脸是汗。年轻人冲进屋，满脸是汗。_ ill, wed better putting the meeting off. 班长病了，我们还是延期开会吧。班长病了，我们还是延期开会吧。_, we will go out. = If weather permits , we will go out. _ Sunday to

44、day, the library doesnt open.=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.his face coveredThe monitor beingWeather permittingIt being 5、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语、某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构或悬垂分词。 这这些结构有：些结构有：adv.(generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly/

45、 briefly ) + speaking, judging from / by 从从 判断判断considering / takinginto consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如假如given sth./ that 假如，考虑到假如，考虑到 _his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. _, I dont like him at all. 坦率地说坦率地说,我一点也不喜欢他我一点也不喜欢他.Judging byFrankly speaking6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分、

46、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分To make things/matters even worse To begin with To tell you the truthTo be honest/ exact / strict / frank Believe it or not _ (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude._, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.To be frankBelieve it or not7、分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句，所以

47、，要注、分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句，所以，要注意不能再次使用关联词。如：意不能再次使用关联词。如：Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.高考题点击：高考题点击： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing

48、up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept不定式作目的状语，还可用不定式作目的状语，还可用in order to或或so as to来加强说话来加强说话的口气。但的口气。但so as to通常不用于句首。通常不用于句首。3. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A.

49、 LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose4. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hopelose oneself in sth. 表示表示“陷入陷入”，主语，主语 he 为为 lose 的宾语。的宾语。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。5.He hurried to the booking office only _that all t

50、he tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快动词不定式表结果状语、往往表示出乎意料的，令人不快的结果的结果; 句中

51、句中tell和句子主语和句子主语he之间是动宾关系，故用动词之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。不定式的被动式。油价上涨的必然结果就是油价上涨的必然结果就是reach a record,故用现在分词故用现在分词作结果状语。作结果状语。7. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginningD. begun8. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to

52、help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help once 在此处为连词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语在此处为连词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语的关系。的关系。begin为及物动词，意为为及物动词，意为“开始、启动开始、启动”，与句子，与句子主语主语The research 为动宾关系，故该用过去分词。为动宾关系，故该用过去分词。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。注注1：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主

53、语须与句子的主语一致，：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。构成主动或被动的关系。9. In order to improve English, . A. Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father 10. Having been attacked by terrori

54、sts, _. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists Jenny给自己买很多磁带以提高英语成绩，故只有给自己买很多磁带以提高英语成绩，故只有B项的句子主语才和动项的句子主语才和动词不定式表示的动作一致词不定式表示的动作一致现在分词和选项中的句子主语现在分词和选项中的句子主语the tall building才保持一致，它们之间构成才保持一致，它们之间构成动宾关系动宾关系

55、注注2： 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或或when引导。引导。 11. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D.having compared 注注3：有时，：有时，“with或或without + 名词（或代词宾格）名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词分词”的结构表示伴随状况

56、。的结构表示伴随状况。12. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on析：此处是连词析：此处是连词when + 分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。但分词的主语分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是we，compare 这个动作是这个动作是we主动主动进行的，应用现在分词表示。进行的，应用现在分词表示。析：析： with结构在句中作状语结构在句中作状

57、语, 现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语和go on之间之间是正进行的动作是正进行的动作注注4: 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成自己的主语，构成独立主格独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。13. _, the concert began. A. The listeners having taken their seats B. Having taken their seats C. Having t

58、aken their places D. Taking their seats14. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest_ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 析：独立主格做状语。主语析：独立主格做状语。主语concert 不可能执行不可能执行take the seat 这一动作，必须加这一动作，必须加the listeners 做逻辑主语做逻辑主语析：今天我先给你寄析：今天我先给你寄100美元美元, 其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。 th

59、e rest和和to follow构成独立主格结构。不定式表主动和将来。构成独立主格结构。不定式表主动和将来。某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分15. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意点注意点VIII、非谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词

60、的时态语态使用非谓语动词的时候务必要注意非谓语动词和主句的谓语动词的先后关系以及它使用非谓语动词的时候务必要注意非谓语动词和主句的谓语动词的先后关系以及它和主句的语语之间的逻辑关系和主句的语语之间的逻辑关系(主动主动?被动被动?)1.I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gonewould love to do sth=would like to do sth想要做事。想要做事。