虚拟语气复习

1、Subjunctive moodinother special casesThe basic pattern of unreal conditionals:Revision & Lead-in 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气在虚拟语气在 在条件从句中在条件从句中表示与事实情况相反表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式条件从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式 表示与表示与现在事实现在事实情情况相反况相反(present)表示与表示与过去事实过去事实情情况相反况相反(past)(past)表示与表示与将来事实将来事实情情况相反况相反(future)(future)过去式过去式(did/we

2、re)(be常用常用 were)过去式过去式(did)/(were)should + do were to do过去完成式过去完成式(had +done)would / could / might / should + dowould / could / might / should +have donewould / could / might / should + doAttentionsAttentionscould have done 本来可以本来可以should have done 本来应该本来应该might have done 本来可能本来可能含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句：使用如使用如:

3、but for(要不是要不是), without, with，or , otherwise等等一些一些介词短语，分词结构来代替介词短语，分词结构来代替if条件句条件句, 这时这时剩下的主句要用虚拟语气。剩下的主句要用虚拟语气。 a) with, without, but for 等介词短语代替条件句相当于 if it were /had been not for “要不是”But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If _)Without the teachers help, he couldnt have made such great

4、progress in English.(= If _) it hadnt been for the rainit hadnt been for the teachers help, b). otherwise, but, or 常把真实情况和虚拟常把真实情况和虚拟语气混合语气混合（重、难点）（重、难点）I was ill that day. Otherwise,I _ part in the sports meeting.（副词） I would have taken part in the sports meeting，but I _ill that day.（连词）He telephon

5、ed to inform me of your birthday, or I _nothing about it.（连词）would have takenwaswould have knownIf you had gone to bed earlier last night,you wouldnt be sleepy now. 错综时间错综时间(mixed time)条件句或混合虚拟语气条件句或混合虚拟语气 如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。如果你刚才向右转，你现在就不会有麻烦了。 If you _ _ _(turn right) just now, you _ (not be) in

6、trouble now.had turned rightwouldnt be inIf引导的混合虚拟语气中：引导的混合虚拟语气中：1 ) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.Had you told me earlier, I would not have this problem now.2) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner. Were you to take the train, you would be the

7、re much sooner.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装条件句中虚拟语气的倒装Have a try1. 虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况2. 虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个将原来的时态向前推一个时态时态的情况的情况3.3.虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式的一个特例的一个特例虚拟语气的特殊形式归纳虚拟语气的特殊形式归纳虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况1. 表示表示建议建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend) ，要求，要求(demand, request

8、, require, insist), 命令命令(order, command)等动词后的等动词后的宾语从句宾语从句中。中。insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要各有两种意思，要用不同的语气用不同的语气insist 表示表示“坚决要求坚决要求”时，用虚拟时，用虚拟形式形式，insist 表示表示“坚称，坚持说，坚持认坚称，坚持说，坚持认为为”时，用时，用 陈述语气陈述语气，表示事实。表示事实。suggest 表示表示“建议建议”时，用虚拟形时，用虚拟形式。式。suggest 表示表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，用时，用陈述语气。陈述语气。Attention:注意：注意：sugges

9、t 只有作只有作“建议建议”时，从句中用时，从句中用虚拟，若表示虚拟，若表示“表明、暗示表明、暗示”时，不用虚拟。时，不用虚拟。1. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. (上海）上海）A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has 比较比较2 The bus driver insisted that he _ at normal speed and th

10、erefore _ for the childs death. A. drive, not answer B. was driving, shouldnt answer C. should drive, shouldnt have answered D. drove, shouldnt answer （answer for 负责，保证）负责，保证）注意：注意：insist 只有作只有作“坚决要求坚决要求”时，才用虚拟，时，才用虚拟，若表示若表示“坚持说，坚持认为坚持说，坚持认为”时，不用虚拟。时，不用虚拟。虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况2.表语从句表语从句中

11、的主语是中的主语是建议建议(suggestion / advice)， 要求要求(requirement / demand)、命令命令(order, command)等的名词等的名词Our suggestion is that you _ there on time.(should) be虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况3. 同位语从句同位语从句中中的先行词是表示说话的先行词是表示说话人人建议建议(suggestion / advice)， 要要求求(requirement / demand)、命令、命令(order, co

12、mmand)等的名词等的名词虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式The suggestion that students _ (learn) something practical is worth considering.Do you know the order that you _ (keep) watch？(should) learn(should) keep虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况4. 在在It is suggested, ordered, required, + that结构中的结构中的主语从句主语从句的谓语动词要的谓语动词要用用(shou

13、ld) +do。It is required that nobody _ here. (smoke)(should) smoke虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况5. 在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 等等主语从句主语从句中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：后面的从句中的谓语动词用： (should) + do虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式1.重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。2. 她这样做是很自然的。她

14、这样做是很自然的。3. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. Its important that we should take good care of the patient. Its natural that she should do so.虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况6.在在It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that结构中的结构中的主语从句主语从句的谓语动词要的谓语动词要用用(should) +do。(shoul

15、d) have虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式Its a pity that you _ to go so soon. (have)1. It is required that you _ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive2. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry practice3. It is strange that

16、such a thing _ in your school. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened4. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speakAttention:5、6两种句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：两种句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.Its a pity that you cant da

17、nce.- Peter is Johns brother.- Its no wonder that he looks like John.虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个时态将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况的情况1. wish 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式 I wish (that) you would get a good job. 1. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。 I wish I were 30 years younger.2. 我希望你能找到一个好职业我希望你能找到一个好职业。表示与现在事实相反，用过去式表示与

18、现在事实相反，用过去式(did/ were)； 与过去事实相反用过去完成式与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done); 与将来事实相反用过去将来时与将来事实相反用过去将来时 (would do).2. would /had rather 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句中中（常用（常用would rather sb. did）虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式I would rather he/you _(come) tomorrow than today.came虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个时态将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况的情况虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向

19、前推一个时态将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况的情况3. if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真真希望希望.; 只要只要, 只要只要.就好就好虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式若是我准时到那该多好啊！真希望她不开那么快。If only she didnt drive so fast.If only I had arrived on time!虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个时态将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况的情况4. 在在as if /though从句中从句中虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式hadnt sleptwereb、as if 连接方式状语

20、从连接方式状语从 句句 She looked after the boy as if he _(be) her own son.a、as if 连接表语从句连接表语从句He looked as if he _ (sleep) for two days.虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个时态将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况的情况5. 在在even if /though从句中从句中虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式wereEven if he _ here, he could not solve the problem.Attention:4、5两种句式也可以用于陈述语气。如：两种句

21、式也可以用于陈述语气。如：She looks as if she is going to cry.Even if I have to sell my house, Ill keep my business going.虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式 的一个特例的一个特例Its (high/right) time that 是早该做是早该做的时候了的时候了that 从句要用虚拟语气：形式是从句要用虚拟语气：形式是did/were或或should + do (should 不可省略不可省略)虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式It is high time the child _ to the hosp

22、ital.A. is sent B. would be sentC. be sent D. were sent1. 虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况2. 虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个将原来的时态向前推一个时态时态的情况的情况3.3.虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式的一个特例的一个特例本课小结本课小结1. 表示说话人的表示说话人的要求、建议、命令要求、建议、命令时，常用时，常用(should) do表示虚拟形式表示虚拟形式, 主要用于主要用于名词性从句名词性从句中中;2. 在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, stra

23、nge, natural) that . ” 等等主语从句主语从句中中;3. 在在It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that结结构中构中虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式用用(should) + do的情况的情况虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式将原来的时态向前推一个时态将原来的时态向前推一个时态的情况的情况 wish 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式would /had rather 引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中as if /though引导的从句中引导的从句中even if /though引导的从句

24、中引导的从句中 if only 引导的从句中引导的从句中虚拟语气形式虚拟语气形式 的一个特例的一个特例Its (high/right) time that 是早该做是早该做的时候了的时候了that 从句要用虚拟语气：形式是从句要用虚拟语气：形式是did/were或或should + do虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气的特殊形式虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug，not the d

25、isease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B.shouldnt have takenC.didnt take D.hadnt taken虚拟语气虚拟语气3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold

26、 C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虚拟语气虚拟语气6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ t

27、here. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent虚拟语气虚拟语气9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that you _. A. wil

28、l go B. went C. go D. must go11. 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken14.She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it.A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speak D. not speak虚拟语气虚拟语气17.Its strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us.A. should have gone out B. wentC. should go out D. goes out虚拟语气虚拟语气 18. It is import