英语句子成分

1、英语句子成分什么是句子？什么是句子？句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须子的第一个字母必须大写大写，结尾要，结尾要有有？ ！I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !英语句子成分英语英语的基本成分有的基本成分有七七种：种：主语（主语（subjectsubject）、谓）、谓语（语（predicatepredicate）、表语（）、表语（predicativepredicative）、宾语）、宾语（ob

2、jectobject）、定语（）、定语（attributeattribute）、状语）、状语(adverbial) (adverbial) 和补语（和补语（complementcomplement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五五种基本句型种基本句型. .句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？英语句子成分Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表

3、主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补英语句子成分英语句子成分主语（主语（subject）: 句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首句子叙述的主体，一般位于句首 The sun rises in the east.（名词）（名词） He likes dancing.（代词）（代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词数词) Fishing is allowed. （动名词）（动名词） 英语句子成分 The rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词名词化的形容词英语句子成分1.Do

4、 exercise is good for your health.2.Eat too much meat is bad for your health.V.不能做主语！不能做主语！英语句子成分 找出下面句子的主语找出下面句子的主语 1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3.Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.主语小测主语小测英语句子成分 单选：单选： 1.Mary with her two daughters _ going

5、 to Shanghai for Explo 2010 next month. A. are B. was C. is D. were 2._ more exercise does good to your health. A. Do B. Does C. Did D. Doing 3._ is impossible to finish this job before Wednesday. A. That B. This C. It D. They英语句子成分英语句子成分谓语（谓语（predicate）:是对主语加以陈述，表示是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组主语的行

6、为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。担任，放在主语的后面。 I love you! They went to sleep very late last night. He practises running every morning.英语句子成分 The plane took off at 10 oclock. How often do you go shopping? Why didnt you come back last night?简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成英语句子成分 Open the door, please! Go an

7、d get some water for me. Dont laugh at others! Dont come back late tonight. 祈使句：祈使句： 1.省略主语省略主语you 2.谓语动词用原形谓语动词用原形英语句子成分找出下列句子的谓语找出下列句子的谓语 I dont like the picture on the wall. The days get longer and longer when summer comes. Do you usually go to school by bus? Did the twins have eggs for their bre

8、akfast?英语句子成分 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. He is interested in music. Whom did you give my book to?英语句子成分 按要求找出下列句子的主谓：按要求找出下列句子的主谓： 1. Trees turn green when spring comes. （主谓）（主谓） 2. He broke a piece of glass. （谓）（谓） 3. Dont get nervous，and help yourself to what you like （主谓）（主谓） 4. Luckily

9、 the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. （主谓）（主谓） 5. There are many people in the hall.（主）（主） 6. Would you please pass me the cup? （主谓）（主谓）主谓小测主谓小测祈使句祈使句,省略主语省略主语you英语句子成分 1.It is difficult for me _ so much work within one night. Can you help me? A. finish B. finishing C. to finish

10、 D. finished 2.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon. A. go B. went C. goes D.gone单选：单选：Its adj. for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是做某事对某人来说是的的 形式主语形式主语真正的主语真正的主语 to finish英语句子成分 3._ up early, or you will miss the early bus. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 4._ up early is g

11、ood for your health. A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets 5.Wow! The cake tastes _! Can I have one more? A. well B. deliciously C. bad D. good 祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形动名词做主语动名词做主语感官动词感官动词+adj.英语句子成分英语句子成分宾语：宾语：动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动宾表示行为的对象，放在及物动词或者介词之后。动词或者介词之后。 I like China. He hates you. How many do you need?

12、We need two We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said? 英语句子成分 He is afraid of her-his headteacher. Under the snow, there are many rocks. 介词后面的宾语：介词后面的宾语：介宾介宾 注意：人称代词要用注意：人称代词要用宾格宾格 I decided to go with _. A. he B. his C. he

13、r D.they E.she英语句子成分 He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 间接宾语间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语直接宾语(sth)： 双宾双宾英语句子成分I think it hard to finish this difficult job before Sunday.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语英语句子成分 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good atten

14、tion to your job. How many new words did you learn last class?找出下列句子的宾语找出下列句子的宾语英语句子成分5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?6.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.7.They made him monitor of the class.8.Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on

15、the left.英语句子成分表语：表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词系动词后面后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.英语句子成分除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用

16、作系动词，1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2) 表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。等。become, get, grow, turn, go,等等remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等等。英语句子成分宾语补足语宾语补足语 在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么它起补充说明

17、宾语干什么，怎么样的作用样的作用 If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The boss keeps them working all day.英语句子成分 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of sch

18、ool. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?英语句子成分状语状语 状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程时间，地点，目的，方式，程度度He did it carefully.In order to catch up with my

19、 classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.英语句子成分定语定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They ma

20、de paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.英语句子成分英语句子成分英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)英语句子成分英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础掌握这五种基本句

21、型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一：一： （主谓）（主谓）二：二： （主系表）（主系表）三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）五：五： （主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）英语句子成分.简单句简单句1. Things changed.2. Trees are green.3. We dont beat children.4. He gave his sister the piano.5. I found the book easy. 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补英语句子成分Nobo

22、dy went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go. PracticePractice 主 + 谓主 + 谓 + 表主 + 谓 + 宾主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补英语句子成分基本句型基本句型 一：一： （主谓）（主谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化

23、谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.vi.）没）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：如：We come.We come.英语句子成分 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1. Tom gets up. 2. What happened? 3. It does not matter. 4. They talked. 此句型的句子有一个此句型的句子有一个共同特点共同特点，即句子的谓语，即句子的谓语动词动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介

24、词短语、状语从句等。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。英语句子成分基本句型基本句型 二：二： （主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词谓语动词都都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类意思。这类动词动词叫做连系动词。叫做连系动词。英语句子成分分两类：分两类：等，表情况；等，表情况；等属另一类，表变化。等属另一类，表变化。多可用作连系动词：多可用作连系动词：look well/面色好面色好,

25、 sound nice/听起来不错听起来不错, feel good/感觉好，感觉好，smell bad/难闻难闻 英语句子成分 （是系动词）（是系动词） （表语）（表语） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The food smells good. 3. Everything looks different. 4. He is tall and strong. 5. His face turned red. 英语句子成分基本句型基本句型 三：三： （主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的此句型句子的共同共同是：谓语动词是：谓语动词，但不能表达完整

26、的，但不能表达完整的意思，意思，即动作的承受者，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。英语句子成分 （及物动词）（及物动词） （宾语）（宾语）1. Who knows the answer? 2. I saw a film yesterday. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He knows what he should do. 英语句子成分基本句型基本句型 四：四： （主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有 些 及 物 动 词 可 以 有 两 个 宾 语 ，有 些 及 物 动 词 可 以 有 两 个 宾 语 ， e ge g ：givegive/ /buybuy/ /bringbring/ /showshow。这两个宾语通常一个。这两个宾语通常一个指人指人( (间接宾语间接宾语) )；一个指物；一个指物( (直接宾语直接宾语) )。-Show this house to Mr