阅读理解推理判断1

1、阅读理解主要考查形式主要有四大类：阅读理解主要考查形式主要有四大类： 1事实细节题。事实细节题。 2主旨大意题。主旨大意题。 3词义猜测题。词义猜测题。 4推理判断题。推理判断题。 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过语来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲推敲作者的作者的态度，态度，理解理解文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。文章的寓义，这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此，判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。因此，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所考生

2、应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，哲学原理，提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，哲学原理，并借助一定的常识进行分析，推理，判断。并借助一定的常识进行分析，推理，判断。 五年高考全国卷推理判断题量统计表五年高考全国卷推理判断题量统计表 2006全国全国2007全国全国2008全国全国2009全国全国2010全国全国推理推理判断判断题量题量7 7 5 7 8推理判断题量在近推理判断题量在近5年中相对稳定年中相对稳定 1. 数据推断题数据推断题 解答此类题解答此类题, 关键是要善于捕关键是要善于捕捉有关捉有关数字的信息数字的信息, 然后在透彻理然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题

3、意的基础解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上上, 运用自己的数学知识运用自己的数学知识,对其进行对其进行分析、推算分析、推算, 从而得出正确的结论。从而得出正确的结论。技巧技巧: shakespeares birthplace and exhibition of shakespeares worldthe birthplace is within easy walking distance of all the carparks shown on the map: nearest is windsor street (3 minutes walk) q: how much is the admiss

4、ion for a family of two grown-ups and two children?a. 9.80b. 12.00c. 14.20d. 16.40example 1: 2010example 1: 2010年全国年全国, a, a篇篇 below are some classified ads from an english newspaper.classified adsfor direct classified service call 800-055710a.m.-4p.m. monday-fridayfor salecome to our moving sale-pl

5、ants, pottery, books, clothes, etc, sat, dec. 14th-9 a.m.-5 p.m.1612 ferndale, apt. 1,800-4696.used fur coats and jackets. good condition. $30-$50. call 800-0436 after 12 noon.moving: must sell. tv21”, $50; am/fm radio a/c or battery, $15; cassette tape recorder, $10. call jon or pat, 800-0793 after

6、 5 p.m. or weekends.sheepskin coat: mans, size 42, 1 year old. $85. after 6 p.m., 800-5224. q: a second-hand jacket will probably cost you _.a. $60b. $40c. $20d. $10example 2: 2009example 2: 2009年浙江年浙江, b, b篇篇2. 知识推断题知识推断题 解答此类题，不仅需要我们有解答此类题，不仅需要我们有一定的社会基础常识，而且还需要一定的社会基础常识，而且还需要对细节以及有关背景知识有一个充对细节以及有

7、关背景知识有一个充分的理解。分的理解。 知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。法。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。知识推断题一般都是针对细节。技巧技巧:tokyo: three snakes, whose poison could kill a person in ten minutes, are guarding a blue star sapphire (蓝宝石蓝宝石) worth nearly six hun

8、dred thousand dollars at a japanese exhibition of jewels sent from an indian museum. “normally it would be forbidden to let these poisonous snakes guard exhibition objects, but its different this time because the jewels are being exhibited at a hotel,” a police official said. exhibition officials sa

9、id that a person bitten (咬咬) by one of these snakes would need at least 80 ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved. medicine was being kept ready at a nearby hospital. q: the jewels was being shown in _.a. an indian hotelb. an indian museumc. a japanese hoteld. a japanese museumexample 3: example

10、3: 全国全国3. 逻辑结论推断题逻辑结论推断题 解答这类题的前提是首先解答这类题的前提是首先获得短文的主题思想或列举的获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题意的要求具体事实，然后按题意的要求进行推断。进行推断。 逻辑结论是指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、逻辑结论是指严格根据文中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。技巧技巧: when the young waitress near m

11、y house started saying hello to me every day, i was very happy. she was at least fifteen years younger than i. one day she signed me to come near. when i walked over, she asked, “are you single?” “why, yes.” i answered, smiling at her happily. “so is my mother.” she said, “would you like to meet her

12、?” q: the waitress said hello to the writer every day because _.a. she lived near his houseb. he often went to visit her motherc. she wanted to be friendly with himd. she loved him very muchexample 4:example 4: once napoleon stayed in a small inn (旅馆旅馆). “please, sir.” begged the innkeeper, “dont ki

13、ll us! we meant nothing!” the soldiers moved back. the innkeeper saw them raising their guns. then napoleon called: “ready! aim!” the wife screamed. “stop!” said napoleon. he went to the innkeeper, “now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, dont you?” q: why did napoleon ordere

14、d his men to tie the couple?a.because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.b. because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.c. because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.d. because he wanted to made the innkeeper

15、 know that a general like him had the same feeling as the ordinary people in face of danger.example 5:example 5:4. 隐含意思隐含意思/细节推断题细节推断题1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息文章中直接用于表达细节的信息2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论与文章内容完全相反的结论4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。 干扰项特点干扰项特点:4. 隐含意思隐含意思/细节推断题细节推断题1.要全面分析所有相

16、关信息，切忌片面思考，要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考， 得出片面结论。得出片面结论。2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。知推断未知。技巧技巧: one day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “i need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “what do yo

17、u need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “well,” replied the man, “im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that i should leave the house in exactly the same condition as i found it.” q: the passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.a.

18、 very clean b. just cleaned by the landlordc. tidy and comfortable d. dirty and full of insectsexample 6:example 6: since my retirement (退休退休) from teaching music in 2001, i have spent a good deal of time painting as an artist. in any case, i drew pen and ink animals and landscapes (风景画风景画) much inf

19、luenced（影响）（影响）by krenkel and st. john for five years. but as soon as i walked out of the school door for the last time i picked up my brushes and rediscovered andrew wyeth, who quickly became my favorite artist. so i painted landscapes around minnesota for three years and tried out many other types

20、 of painting. as confucius once said, “at seventy i can follow my hearts desire.”71. we can infer from the text that the author _.a. had been taught by krenkel and st. johnb. painted landscapes in minnesota for 5 yearsc. believed wyeth to be the best in watercolorsd. started his retirement life at t

21、he age of seventyexample 7: 2006example 7: 2006年全国年全国, d, d篇篇5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题作者观点、态度倾向推断题 作者观点、态度题考查目标比较明确，题作者观点、态度题考查目标比较明确，题干一般都含有干一般都含有according to the writer/author, attitude, opinion, believe, consider, regard等词或短语。等词或短语。 这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表这类题目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表现的态度外，有的还考查作者对具体的某个人现的态度外，有的还考查作者对具体的某

22、个人或事物的态度或评价。如作者对陈述的观点是或事物的态度或评价。如作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立赞同、反对还是中立/犹豫不定，对记叙或描写犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。恶、憎恨。5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题作者观点、态度倾向推断题常见提问形式常见提问形式:1. whats the authors attitude towards?2. what is the opinion of the writer in this passage?3. what does the author mean by sayi

23、ng “”?4. from theparagraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 5. the author seems to be in favor of/against. 5. 作者观点、态度倾向推断题作者观点、态度倾向推断题干扰项特点干扰项特点:1. 是自己的某种看法或观点是自己的某种看法或观点2. 是社会的一种普遍种倾向是社会的一种普遍种倾向3. 是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等技巧技巧:1.问全文主体事物的问全文主体事物的(包括主题包括主题)，可以根据阐述，可以根据阐述 主

24、题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；2. 如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。 last week my youngest son and i visited my father at his new home in tucson, arizona. he moved there a few years ago, and i was eager to see his new pl

25、ace and meet his friends. on the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my fathers friends for lunch at an outdoor caf. we talked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my sons funny facial expressions. gone was my fathers critical (挑剔的挑剔的) air and

26、 strict rules. who was this person i knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? what had held him back before? q: what does the author think of her father after her visit to tucson?a. more criticalb. more talkativec. gentle and friendlyd. strict and hard-working.example

27、8: 2008example 8: 2008年全国年全国, a, a篇篇 as kids, my friends and i spent a lot of time out in the woods. “the woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. it was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. by then some of us has reached seventh gra

28、de and had begun the rough ride of adolescence (青春期青春期). in march, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and i set out to go exploring. we climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that we really were rather big to be up

29、 in a tree. soon there would be the spring dances on friday evenings in the high school cafeteria. q: how does the author feel about his childhood?a. happy but short.b. lonely but memorable.c. boring and meaningless.d. long and unforgettable.example 9: 2008example 9: 2008年天津年天津, e, e篇篇6. 写作目的写作目的/意图

30、推断题意图推断题常见提问形式常见提问形式:考查整篇文章考查整篇文章:1.the writer writes this passage in order to _.2. the writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.3. what is the purpose of writing this article?4. in writing the passage, the author intends to _.6. 写作目的写作目的/意图推断题意图推断题常见提问形式常见提问形式:考查某处细节考查某处细节:1.the writer uses

31、the example of to show that _.2. the writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.3. .are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.6. 写作目的写作目的/意图推断题意图推断题常见的写作目的常见的写作目的: 不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写但写作目的通常有以下三种作目的通常有以下三种:1. to amuse/entertain readers (娱乐读者娱乐读者)2. to persuade

32、readers to sell a product or a service (说服读者接受某种观点说服读者接受某种观点/ 某样东西）某样东西）3. to inform readers (告知读者某些信息告知读者某些信息)6. 写作目的写作目的/意图推断题意图推断题技巧技巧:这种写作目的常见于故事类的文章。这种写作目的常见于故事类的文章。 1. to amuse/entertain readers2. to persuade readers to sell a product or a service 这种主要是通过对旅游景点报刊杂志这种主要是通过对旅游景点报刊杂志影片电视节目等的介绍来达到写

33、作目的影片电视节目等的介绍来达到写作目的: 吸吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众或者推销产引更多的游客读者或订户观众或者推销产品或者服务等品或者服务等 6. 写作目的写作目的/意图推断题意图推断题技巧技巧:3. to inform readers 这种写作目的多见于科普类新闻报这种写作目的多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章。了解这类道类文化类或社会类的文章。了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。或较好地对主题加以归纳。 people believe tha

34、t climbing can do good to health. where can you learn the skill of climbing then? if you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, youre wrong. how do people climb the wall? to climb, you need special shoes and harness (保护带保护带) around your chest to hold you. climbing attracts

35、 people because its good exercise for almost everyone. you use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. this sport gives your body a complete workout. when you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. q: why does the author write this passage?a. to tell people where to find gy

36、ms.b. to prove the basic need for climbing.c. to encourage people to climb mountains.d. to introduce the sport of wall climbing.example 10: 2008example 10: 2008年安徽年安徽, c, c篇篇14 days from just 2,090 ppfully inclusive from the ukprice covers: international airfares, departure taxes, fuel charges, loca

37、l transportation, accommodation, all meals, entrance fees, guides, daily tours and visas for uk citizens. days 1-3: uk-shanghai day14: beijing-uk ks5u fly back to the uk, arriving home later the same day filled with happy memories. q: the ad is mainly intended to _.a. encourage the british to travel

38、 in chinab. attract the british to traditional chinese foodc. offer service of booking air tickets to touristsd. provide the british with a better understanding of chinaexample 11: 2009example 11: 2009年福建年福建, c, c篇篇 “have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? or have you jumpe

39、d in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked jamie taylor of the wave energy group at the university of edinburgh. “there is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. most waves are created when winds blo

40、w across the ocean. “the wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves q: the writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.a. test the readers knowledge about wavesb. draw the readers attent

41、ion to the topicc. show jamie taylors importanced. invite the readers to answer themexample 12: 2005example 12: 2005年广东年广东, c, c篇篇7. 文章出处文章出处/来源推断题来源推断题1.the passage is most likely to be taken from _.2. where would this passage most probably appear?3. the passage is most likely a part of _.常见提问形式常见提

42、问形式:7. 文章出处文章出处/来源推断题来源推断题 这类问题应从文章的内容或结这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。如构来判断其出处。如:1. 报纸报纸: 前面会出现日期、地点或通前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。讯社名称。2. 广告广告: 因其格式特殊，容易辨认。因其格式特殊，容易辨认。3. 产品说明产品说明: 器皿、设备的使用说明器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式等会有产品名称或操作方式等; 而药品而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。药量等。解题技巧解题技巧:example 13: 2010example 13: 2010年江西年江西

43、, b, b篇篇head of researchsalary: 55. 271 we are looking for a head of research to manage the cwu research depart and information centre. you would be required to exercise control of all research work of the department and manage a team of three researchers and four support staff. to apply, please req

44、uest an application pack by emailing or by telephoning hr (hwian resources ) on 020 8970 7482. when applying please state your source.closing date for applications: 4th august 2010anticipated interview date: 17th august 2010no agencies pleasein which column of a newspaper could we find thi

45、s advertisement?a. artsb. salesc. jobsd. news. do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? do you know what is meant by “take only as directed”? read the following directions and see if you understand them. “to reduce pain, take two tablets (药片药片) with water, followed by one tab

46、let every eight hours, as required. for night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. for children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量量). for children under six years old, ask for your doctors advice.

47、reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine”. q: this text is most probably taken from a _.a. textbookb. newsreelc. doctors notebookd. bottle of medicineexample 14: example 14: 全国全国8. 预测想象预测想象推断题推断题1. the paragraph following the passage will most like

48、ly/probably to be _.2. the passage is probably followed by a paragraph about _?3. what did the paragraph preceding/following this section likely deal with/talk about/discuss? 4. what will the author talk about in the next paragraph?常见提问形式常见提问形式: 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能

49、涉及根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下段可能涉及的内容等进行预测推理。的内容等进行预测推理。8. 预测想象推断题预测想象推断题 做这类题时应把握作者的写做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。科学的、合情合理的预测。技巧技巧: we are in the computer age. we often see computers at work. they are especially useful in automati

50、c control, date processing (数据处理数据处理) and solving complicated problems. and they are finding their way into the home. more and cleverer computers will continue to appear. they will run faster, have more functions and work more skillfully. they will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. some people even think that sooner or later computers will replace us. however q: which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the third paragraph?a. computers will soon stop developing