组织学专业词汇

1、组织学各章专业词汇表第1章 绪论Introductionhistology组织学embryology胚胎学light microscope光学显微镜electron microscope电子显微镜ultrastructure超微结构Paraffin sectioning石蜡切片术hematoxylin苏木精eosin伊红basophil嗜碱性acidophil嗜酸性cell细胞extrcellular matrix细胞外基质nucleus细胞核nucleolus核仁cytoplasm细胞质neutrophil中性argyrophil嗜银性electron-dense电子密度高electron-

2、lucent电子密度低histochemistry组织化学immunohistochemistry免疫组织化学tissue culture组织培养micrometer微米nanometer纳米organ器官system系统第2章 上皮组织Epithelial Tissueepithelium上皮microvillus微绒毛endothelium内皮tight junction紧密连接desmosome桥粒plasma membrane infolding质膜内褶basement membrane基底膜cilium纤毛mesothelium间皮intermediate junction中间连接g

3、ap junction缝隙连接simple squamous epithelium单层扁平上皮simple cuboidal epithelium单层立方上皮simple columnar epithelium单层柱状上皮Pseudostratified epitheliun假复层上皮stratified squamous epithelium复层扁平上皮transitional epithelium变移上皮第3章 结缔组织Connective Tissueloose connective tissue疏松结缔组织dense connective tissue致密结缔组织adipose tis

4、sue脂肪组织reticular tissue网状组织fibroblast成纤维细胞macrophage巨噬细胞mast cell肥大细胞plasma cell浆细胞collagenous fiber胶原纤维elastic fiber弹性纤维reticular fiber网状纤维tissue fluid组织液ground substance基质第4章 血液、淋巴和血细胞的发生Blood，Lymph and Hemopoiesisboold血液lymph淋巴plasma血浆serum血清erythrocyte红细胞Hemoglobin(Hb)血红蛋白reticulocyte网织红细胞leucko

5、cyte白细胞neutrophilic granulocyte, neutrophil中性粒细胞eosinophilic granulocyte, eosinophil嗜酸性粒细胞basophilic granulocyte, basophil嗜碱性粒细胞monocyte单核细胞Lymphocyte淋巴细胞hemopoietic stem cell造血干细胞blood platelet血小板第五章 软骨与骨Cartilage and Osseous Tissuecartilage tissue软骨组织hyaline cartilage透明软骨fibrous cartilage纤维软骨elast

6、ic cartilage弹性软骨chondrocytes软骨细胞Isogenous group同源细胞群cartilage lacuna软骨陷窝cartilage capsule软骨囊perichondrium软骨膜osseous tissue骨组织bone matrix骨基质bone lamella骨板osteocyte骨细胞bone lacuna骨陷窝bone canaliculi骨小管osteoprogenic cell骨祖细胞osteoblast成骨细胞osteoclast破骨细胞osteoid类骨质spongy bone骨松质compact bone骨密质circumferentia

7、l lamella环骨板osteon骨单位interstitial lamella间骨板Osteogenesis骨发生intramembranous ossification膜内成骨endochondral ossification软骨内成骨第6章 肌组织Muscle Tissueskeletal muscle骨骼肌smooth muscle平滑肌cardiac muscle心肌sarcomere肌节sarcoplasmic reticulum肌浆网intercalated disk闰盘myofibril肌原纤维cross striation横纹transverse tubule横小管term

8、inal cisternae终池triad三联体sarcolemma肌膜epimysium肌外膜perimysium肌束膜endomysium肌内膜第7章 神经组织Nervous Tissuenerve tissue神经组织neuron神经元dendrite树突axon轴突axon hillock轴丘axoplasm轴浆Nissl body尼氏体synapse突触presynaptic element突触前成分synaptic cleft突触间隙postsynaptic element突触后成分synapse vesicle突触小泡neuroglia cell神经胶质细胞astrocyte星形

9、胶质细胞oligodendrocyte少突胶质细胞microglia小胶质细胞Schwann cell施万细胞satellite cell卫星细胞nerve fiber神经纤维neurofibril神经原纤维myelin sheath髓鞘nerve ending神经末梢sensory nerve ending感觉神经末梢motor end plate运动终板第8章 神经系统Nervous System nervous system神经系统gray matter灰质white matter白质cortex皮质medulla髓质ganglion cell节细胞blood-brain barrier

10、, BBB血一脑屏障pyramidal cell锥体细胞cerebellar glomerulus小脑小球cerebrospinal fluid脑脊液spinal cord脊髓cerebellum小脑cerebral cortex大脑皮质ganglion神经节第9章眼和耳Eye and Earcornea角膜sclera巩膜iris虹膜ciliary body睫状体choroid脉络膜retina视网膜pigment epithelium色素上皮rod cell视杆细胞cone cell视锥细胞ganglion cell节细胞central fovea中央凹papilla of optic n

11、erve视神经乳头semicircular canal半规管vestibule前庭cochlea耳蜗crista ampullaris壶腹嵴macula utriculi椭圆囊斑macula sacculi球囊斑spiral sacculi螺旋器bipolar cell双极细胞第10章 循环系统Circulatory Systemcirculatory system循环系统tunica intima内膜tunica media中膜tunica adventitia外膜endocardium心内膜myocardium心肌膜epicardium心外膜elastic membrane弹性膜purki

12、nje fiber浦肯野纤维capillary毛细血管continuous capillary连续毛细血管fenestrated capillary有孔毛细血管sinusoid血窦elastic artery弹性动脉muscular artery肌性动脉small artery小动脉arteriole微动脉vein静脉第11章 皮肤Skinskin皮肤epidermis表皮dermis真皮hypodermis皮下组织stratum basale基底层stratum spinosum棘层stratum granulosum颗粒层stratum lucidum透明层stratum corneum角

13、化层keratinocyte角蛋白形成细胞tonofibril张力原纤维melanocyte黑素细胞melanin黑色素papillary layer乳头层reticular layer网织层hair毛发hair shaft毛干hair root毛根hair follicle毛囊hair bulb毛球hair papilla毛乳头sweat galnd汗腺sebaceous gland皮脂腺第12章免疫系统Immune Systemlymphoid tissue淋巴组织thymus dependent lymphocyte胸腺依赖淋巴细胞，T细胞bone marrow dependent ly

14、mphocyte骨髓依赖淋巴细胞，B细胞nature killer cell自然杀伤细胞lymphoid nodule淋巴小结diffuse lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织thymus胸腺thymocyte胸腺细胞thymic corpuscle胸腺小体blood-thymus barrier血-胸腺屏障lymph node淋巴结trabecula小梁superfacial cortex浅层皮质paracortical zone副皮质区lymphoid sinus淋巴窦medullary cord髓索medullary cord髓窦recirculation of lymphocy

15、te淋巴细胞再循环spleen脾脏white pulp白髓splenic corpuscle脾小体periarterial lymphatic sheath动脉周围淋巴鞘marginal zone边缘区red pulp红髓splenic sinusoid脾窦splenic cord脾索第13章内分泌系统Endocrine Systemhormone激素target cell/ organ靶细胞/器官thyroid甲状腺follicle滤泡follicular epithelial cell滤泡上皮细胞colloid胶质Thyroid hormone甲状腺素（T3，T4）parafollicul

16、ar cell滤泡旁细胞calcitonin降钙素adrenal gland肾上腺zona glomerulosa球状带zona fasciculata束状带zona reticularis网状带chromaffin cell嗜铬细胞adrenaline肾上腺素noradrenaline去甲肾上腺素pituitary gland脑垂体adenohypophysis腺垂体hypophyseal portal system垂体门脉系统neurohypophysis神经垂体growth hormone, GH生长激素mammotropin催乳激素Thyrotropin, TSH促甲状腺激素adren

17、ocorticotropin, ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素follicle stimulating hormone, FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizing hormone, LH黄体生成素melanocyte stimulating hormone, MSH黑素细胞刺激素antidiuretic hormone, ADH抗利尿激素oxytocin催产素第14章 消化管Digestive Systemdigestive system消化系统digestive tract消化管mucosa粘膜lamina propria固有层muscularis mucosa粘膜肌submucosa粘膜下层pli

18、ca皱襞muscularis肌层adventitia外膜fibrosa纤维膜serosa浆膜esophagus食管stomach胃gastric pit胃小凹fundic gland胃底腺chief cell主细胞parietal cell壁细胞intestinal villus肠绒毛small intestinal gland小肠腺absorptive cell吸收细胞goblet cell杯状细胞paneth cell潘氏细胞central lacteal中央乳糜管jejunum空肠ileum回肠duodenum十二指肠duodenal gland十二指肠腺colon结肠appendix阑

19、尾第15章 消化腺Digestive Glanddigestive gland消化腺salivary gland唾液腺serous alveolus浆液性腺泡mucous alveolus粘液性腺泡mixed alveolus混合性腺泡striated duct纹状管pancreas胰腺centroacinar cell泡心细胞pancreas islet胰岛hepatic lobule肝小叶central vein中央静脉hepatic plate/cord肝板/索hepatic sinusoid肝血窦perisinusoidal space窦周隙bile canaliculi胆小管hepa

20、tocyte肝细胞portal area门管区interlobular artery小叶间动脉interlobular vein小叶间静脉interlobular bile duct小叶间胆管第16章 呼吸系统Respiratory Systemtrachea气管bronchi支气管small bronchus小支气管bronchiole细支气管pulmonary lobule肺小叶terminal bronchiole终末细支气管respiratory bronchiole呼吸性细支气管alveolar duct肺泡管alveolar sac肺泡囊pulmonary alveoli肺泡typ

21、e alveolar cell型肺泡细胞surfactant表面活性物质alveolar pore肺泡隔blood-air barrier气血屏障alveolar macrophage肺泡巨噬细胞第17章 泌尿系统Urinary Systemurinary system泌尿系统kidney肾renal pyramid肾锥体cortical labyrinth皮质迷路medullary ray髓放线uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron肾单位renal corpuscle肾小体glomerulus血管球renal capsule肾小囊podocyte足细胞slit membr

22、ane裂孔膜filtration barrier滤过屏障proximal tubule近端小管thin segment细段distal tubule远端小管medullary loop髓袢proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管distal convoluted tubule远曲小管collecting tubule集合管juxtaglomerular complex球旁复合体macula densa致密斑juxtaglomerular cell球旁细胞extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜细胞urinary bladder膀胱ureter输尿管第18章 男性生殖系统Male R