(完整版)写作教程(一)unit1答案

1、Unit 1PART FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance(e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an

2、 amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for

3、the Classroom Activities1. father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotes protection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.WordDenotationConnotationSentencegolda precious yellow metalwealth,value,Silence is gold

4、.preciousness, etcmoonthe naturalbodythattranquility,purity,Theresnopointmoves around theearthsomethingout ofhoping for peace in theonce every 28 daysreach, etc.country. Its like askingfor the moon.icewater frozen so that it hascoldness,The ice in his voicebecome solidindifference,cruelty,was only t

5、o hide thedeath, etc.pain.bloodred liquid flowing throughfamily background,Blood isthickerthanthe bodies ofhumans anddescent,race,water.animalstemperament, etc.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery, spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characte

6、ristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.FavorableNeutralUnfavorableunique, quaintstrangebizarre, abnormalresolute, steadfaststubborn, doggedpigheadedcompliment (v.)praise, commend, flatterlick ones bootssenior citizenold personfossilbachelor g

7、irlsingle womanspinster2. a. unique b. pigheadedc. flattered d. fossile. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercise1a. do somebody a favorb. do somebody goodc. make a gestured. do evile. do harmf. make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1)D2)D3)A4)B5)C6)C7)BFalse FriendsSugge

8、sted answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Refe

9、rence for the Classroom Activities1. The false friends are lie meaning to keep onesbody in a flat position, and lie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ellas eyebrowsraised.c. Jack has beenlying around all day.d. The soldiers l

10、aid aside their weapons.e. A heavy foglay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that tablestationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the

11、school all-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt snot fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passedvs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain ense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her sto

12、mach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fogs so thick; I cantsee farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compound2Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A com

13、pound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when it expresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2. After a compound subject with or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, the verb agrees in number and person w

14、ith the nearer part of the subject.3. Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do not affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, as much as, rather than, along with,

15、in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including .When the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take a singular verb.2. Some words or phrases, such asall, most, half, the last, the rest, take

16、 a singular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3. Phrases like lots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs depending on the form of the nouns that follow.4. In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, the verb should t

17、ake a singular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges. He was the only one of the candidates who was

18、 able to carry out his campaign pledges.b. What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents. What one thinks and says are not always the same.c. There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden. There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1. Afte

19、r a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person and number as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent theis only one, not the candidates.)2. After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in a compound structure plural in

20、meaning, the verb is in plural form.3. In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the number of the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.

21、Nobody in town admits seeing him.b. Does anyone want to go with me?c. Are any of you going to the exhibition?d. None works/work so hard as he does.e. Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f. The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g. The jury is finally comple

22、te.3h. The jury were divided in their opinions.i. New York Times is his bible.j. Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1. Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one, and somebodygenerally require a singular verb.2. The pronounsany and none take either singular o

23、r plural verbs.3. The complement of the verbbe does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as a unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5. Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays

24、, and the like take a singular verb.6. Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take a singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, and whereabouts.PART WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1. Notes are the simplest and sh

25、ortest form of written communication and they are quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:-the addressee the person(s) to whom the note is written; -the message;-the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic

26、.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1. The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2. You can add the word Dear before the addressees name and a complimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put be

27、fore your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesmanis a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying thebreezecoming from the lake.d. We need todrink the milk before it sours.e. The child had

28、difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate4000 students.i. Social customsvary greatly from country to country.2. The writers attitude changes from negative to

29、 positive in each pair of sentences.43. (1) experienced(2) elapsed(3) attempting(4) with(5) take up(6) made(7) endeavor(8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would beprosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should bedisinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ballfarther than I c

30、an.d. We must pursue this matterfurther.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and e

31、xecutive branches.h. The whole region was struck by aneconomic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepteda scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said

32、 she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not af

33、fect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was notself-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards th