土木工程中文文献英文翻译

1、Carbon fiber reinforcement technology as a new type of structural reinforcement technology in the construction engineering, is the use of resin bonded materials to the concrete surface, making concrete and carbon fiber to form a composite whole, and work together.At the same time, the technology has

2、 the advantages of convenient construction, high strength, wide application and light weight.Therefore, carbon fiber reinforcement technology in the construction defects reinforcement treatment has been widely used, so as to ensure the building bearing ability and stability, improve the shear resist

3、ance and bending capacity of building structural members, improve the quality of the whole construction project, achieve the purpose to the building structure reinforcement, and prolong the service life of the building.One, carbon fiber reinforced structural component technology principle.Carbon fib

4、er reinforced structural component technology is the concrete structure of the external paste fiber reinforced composite sheet, both work together in order to achieve the purpose of strengthening. Because the carbon fiber material has good corrosion resistance, high strength, light weight and elasti

5、c modulus higher advantages, compared with ordinary steel , the tensile strength of carbon fiber is about ten times that of it, and elastic modulus higher than it.For reinforced concrete structures, the carbon fiber materials we used can be divided into two kinds: carbon fiber material and matching

6、resin. Compared with the construction steel, the tensile strength of carbon fiber is ten times and elastic modulus is quite equal to it, even some of the elastic modulus of carbon fiber in it more than two times, and has a good durability and construction performance, so carbon fiber is a very good

7、reinforcement and repair materials. In addition, for supporting resin, including resin of the substrate, the leveling resin and bonding resin, the resin of the substrate and leveling resin have an important role on carbon fiber bonding quality, and bonding resin can make concrete and carbon fiber fo

8、rming a complex whole, work together, in order to improve the bearing capacity of building structural members, to achieve the purpose of building structure member strengthening.Two, the basic characteristics of carbon fiber materials.1, carbon fiber sheet.According to the mechanical properties of th

9、e material, the elastic modulus of the carbon fiber material is not the same. According to the mechanical properties of carbon fiber sheet, the main is the high modulus, high strength and medium modulus.The high modulus carbon fiber cloth is characterized by its low elongation at break but high elas

10、tic modulus. The unit weight of carbon fiber cloth is not comparable with that of steel, Carbon fiber sheet is very thin, but because of the chemical structure of carbon fiber, the fiber can be used for any acid salt and all kinds of chemical medium environment, do not be afraid of corrosion and can

11、 resist the low temperature or high temperature thermal expansion and contraction.2, supporting resin bonded materials.In the construction project, the main material used in the reinforced concrete structure repair technology is bottom coating,putty,bonding resin or impregnated resin, and its functi

12、ons are different.First of all, for the bottom coating, the concrete surface is more applicable, can speed up the bond, in order to ensure the stability of the interface. Secondly, for the putty, mainly on various parts of the surface are filled, fill up the gap of the entire surface, so that the fu

13、nction of carbon fiber sheet can be fully played. Then, the bonding resin has the function of sticking to the carbon fiber board, and the impregnated resin has the function of sticking to the carbon fiber cloth. The bonding resin and the impregnated resin are used mainly to bond the carbon fiber she

14、et to each part of the concrete component, which can make the scattered parts form a whole, and the two work together. In addition, the epoxy resin is mainly applied to the highway concrete bridge, the use of carbon fiber sheet reinforcement technology is also more appropriate, when present in a var

15、iety of circumstances, with the change of temperature, it has some influence on its curing properties, therefore, to a large extent, the quality of paste is good or bad, which has an important impact on the number of regular traffic disruption time.Three, strengthening construction technology of car

16、bon fiber reinforced materials.Strengthening construction technology of carbon fiber reinforced materials:unloading-basal treatment-base rubber-leveling-paste-protection.1, unloading.For unloading, it is to remove the non tube components, so that it can make the impact on other components reduce eff

17、ectively.2, basal treatment.（1） If the concrete surface produces the phenomenons of corrosion, hollowing, honeycomb and spalling, you need to cut out of these parts. For a larger area of poor quality, after the cutting operation, the epoxy mortar should be used to repair the work.（2） For the part th

18、at produces the crack, it should be treated in a fully closed manner.（3） For the float, oil and other impurities on the concrete surface, we should use concrete grinder, sandpaper to remove. In addition, to ensure the surface of the component is smooth, polish the raised part of the surface, the cor

19、ner should make Chamfering processing, and be polished into a circular arc.（4） Before the base operation, must keep the concrete surface dry clean, if not in line with the requirements of the construction, we should use the hair dryer to blow it.3, base rubber.（1） The main agent and curing agent sho

20、uld be placed in the container, the proportion of the main agent and the curing agent must be measured accurately according to the standard of construction, then the electric mixer is used to mix it evenly, determine the amount of the dosage according to the actual temperature of the construction si

21、te, and control the use of time strictly , usually run out within an hour.（2） Through the use of roller brush brushing the bottom evenly in the concrete surface, and the next process can be carried out only when the glue is solidified. 4, leveling.（1） For leveling operation in Construction Engineeri

22、ng, it can make the difference in height has been further reduced, we can use FE glue level the part of the surface of the concrete which is sunken, template joints and other parts.（2） We can also use FE glue to mend the corner to a smooth arc.5, paste.（1） The size and number of layers of carbon fib

23、er cloth shall be determined according to the actual requirements of the construction.（2） To carry out the deployment and mix of FR glue, and apply it evenly to the position where it needs to be pasted.（3） When the carbon fiber cloth is pasted, no bubbles can be created, if there are bubbles, we can

24、 use the special roller along the direction of the fiber to carry out repeated rolling, and make the FR glue fully soaked carbon fiber cloth. Only when the carbon fiber cloth surface dry , you can carry on the next layer of paste.（4） Apply FR glue evenly on the surface of the last layer of carbon fi

25、ber cloth.6, protection.Plastering and fireproof coating should be adopted to Protect the surface of the reinforced carbon fiber cloth.Four, the application of carbon fiber materials in building structure reinforcement.1, the scope of application of carbon fiber reinforced materials.Applicable to va

26、rious shapes, any part of the structure, brick masonry reinforcement repair.2, Specification for reinforced concrete structures strengthened with carbon fiber sheets.When the concrete is strengthened by carbon fiber sheet, the component and carbon fiber sheet are bonded together seamlessly, at this

27、time, the carbon fiber sheet and concrete integrate into a whole, together to withstand the stress.3, Carbon fiber sheet can be used in the following ways to strengthen the concrete structural member.When the carbon fiber sheet is used for bending and strengthening of the beam and plate member in th

28、e tension zone, the direction of the fiber should be consistent with the direction of the reinforcement;When the beams and columns are subjected to shear and reinforcement, it can be closed U paste or side paste, at this time, fiber direction should be perpendicular to the axial direction of the com

29、ponent;The anti seismic reinforcement of buildings can be pasted fully enclosed, at this time, the fiber direction should be perpendicular to the column axial direction;When there is sufficient evidence, the carbon fiber sheet can also be reinforced according to the stress state of the concrete stru

30、cture;When the carbon fiber sheet is bonded to the concrete structure, we can according to the national standard, use limit state design method based on probability theory, the ultimate bearing capacity and normal carrying capacity of concrete structures are calculated respectively.Meanwhile, on the

31、 one hand, reinforced concrete structure should be based on the national standard, determine the corresponding material design index, and then through the detection to sure its actual strength whether can achieve the relevant requirements; On the other hand, the carbon fiber sheet should be based on

32、 the elastic stress-strain curve when the component reaches the limit state to determine the corresponding stress; In general, the ultimate tensile strength of carbon fiber sheet should not be less than 95% of the guaranteed rate of the manufacturer as a marker of the tensile strength.When the membe

33、r is strengthened with carbon fiber sheet, consideration should be given to the effects of strengthening materials on the components and their properties; As before the use of carbon fiber reinforcement, we should try to remove the live load, in order to reduce the impact on other components. The st

34、ress of live load bearing should be fully considered if it can not be completely unloaded.In addition, for members subjected to bending, shear reinforcement,the concrete strength of the strengthened member shall not be less than C15. The strength grade of concrete should not be less than C10 in the

35、whole closed type of reinforcement concrete columns.In short, due to the carbon fiber material has the advantages of all kinds of concrete, Carbon fiber reinforcement technology apply in the construction more and more widely, and become the main reinforcement treatment method of the current construc

36、tion project, it will have broad application prospects.Building is the infrastructure of city construction, and it plays a very important role in the development of urban modernization. Then with the large number of urban population growth, and with the impact of the environment, load, construction

37、and other factors,the carrying capacity of building structure is gradually reduced, It is necessary to take effective reinforce measures to the building structure in order to improve the bearing capacity of the building structure. It is found that the measures of building structure reinforcement mai

38、nly include increasing section method, sticking carbon fiber, applying prestressing tendon, sticking steel plate method and so on, but the prestress method can significantly improve the bearing capacity of the structure, improve the stability of the building structure, security.One, Building structu

39、re reinforcement technologyIn the use of building structure,we often found that the beam plate structure appear various problems, such as cracks, steel corrosion, torsion spent large and so on. The cracks in the concrete structure of the building is one of the frequently occurring diseases among the

40、se, in the process of the long time use of building structure, under the repeated effects of external loading, it is easy to cause the load cracks in the building structure; In addition, in the construction stage, may be due to various reasons, such as unreasonable ratio of concrete mixture, water c

41、ement ratio is not reasonable, the construction process of improper placement and so on, these factors can lead to cracks in the beam structure. If the crack width exceeds a certain range, the bearing capacity of the concrete structure will be greatly reduced. Under the action of earthquake, it is v

42、ery easy to appear the harm of collapse hazard.Steel corrosion, because the building structure is in the outdoor, the structure is subjected to the action of carbon dioxide for a long time, and the carbonation of concrete occurs. If the carbonation depth of concrete exceeds the protective layer of t

43、he reinforcing steel bar, the basic protection of the steel bar can be destroyed, resulting in corrosion of steel reinforcement, and reduce the bonding between steel and concrete, the harms it causes to he carrying capacity of the overall structure of the construction can not be ignored. Therefore,

44、it is necessary to reinforce the building structure effectively.(1) prestressed reinforcement technologyThe prestressed reinforcement is arranged on the beam plate of the building structure, and the prestressing force which is applied to the beam plate forms an external prestressing strengthening fo

45、rce system to reinforce the beam plate structure.Prestressed reinforcement technology, its reinforcement effect is obvious, and it can greatly improve the bearing capacity of the building structure, can improve the bearing capacity of 30% 40%, and can reduce the cracks and structural deformation in

46、the structure. In addition, prestressed reinforcement construction has less impact on the construction of the use of space. Generally, we complete prestressed reinforcement construction under the condition of no restriction on the use of buildings.(2) increasing cross section technologyThis method i

47、s widely used in the seismic strengthening of the compression building structure, also can be used in the tensile members, mainly used to strengthen the rod which the raw material has consistent performance , such as steel structure reinforcement. After increasing the cross section of the rod, the s

48、trength of the component can be greatly enhanced, and the stability of the structure can be improved.At the same time, it can also be strengthened with reinforced concrete wrapped wooden pieces.(3) pasting steel plate technologyIn this method, the steel plate is pasted on the surface of the structur

49、e by the construction adhesive, thereby making full use of the bonding force of the steel plate to make the steel plate and the building structure to be effectively bonded together, to form the two force component.In the bonding structure, the steel plate plays the use of the tensile reinforcing ste

50、el bar, which greatly increases the bearing capacity of the structure. Problems should be paid attention to in strengthening:First of all, To remove the paint layer on the surface of the concrete structure, expose the surface of concrete structure; and clean the dust on the surface of concrete struc

51、tures which is to be reinforced;Secondly, when pasting steel plate,we should avoid strengthening if the air outside is under humid conditions , and to ensure that the temperature of the strengthening of the environment is not higher than 60 degrees.(4) anchorage reinforcement methodThis method is ma

52、inly used in the bending and compression member of reinforced concrete. The main principle is to drill holes and inject glue in the original structure, to ensure that the steel bars in the borehole are solidified and rooted. It has good anchorage performance and tensile properties for the steel bars

53、 which drill hole is shallow. This method is a new structural strengthening method, and the reinforcement process is relatively simple, and it has less influence on the force of structure. Matters needing attention for anchorage reinforcement method: This method is suitable to be used in the conditi

54、on of the ambient temperature above 5 , and the performance of the cementing agent is not damaged; When the environment of strengthening is lower than 5 , we can take the appropriate method to increase the temperature, so that the quality of reinforcement can be ensured.Two, Advantages of prestresse

55、d reinforcement on architectureBuilding prestress strengthening technology mainly has the following advantages: First, the reinforcement effect is obvious, it can effectively reduce cracks of the beam plate structure , and extend the service life of the building; Second, prestressed reinforcement co

56、nstruction technology does not reduce the use of space, and greatly improve the carrying capacity of building structure. Third, the prestressing reinforcement construction period is short, the labor force is less, the economy is higher; Four, Prestressed reinforcement of the construction has a small

57、 increase in weight, and the maintenance is convenient.Three, The strengthening technology of the construction of our countryIn the actual construction project,for the prestressed reinforcement beams and trusses, the steel boots can be used to anchor nodes; For the frame beam, type steel casing hoop

58、 or Perforated bolt can be used to anchor node.3.1 transverse prestressed reinforcement technologyIn the building structure, if the distance between the two ends of the reinforced concrete beam is small, then the two ends of the beam can not conduct prestressed tension operation, then you can use th

59、e method of transverse prestressing reinforcement construction. This loading method is mainly install prestressed tendons which is reinforced in the lower edge of the main girder of the symmetrical center line, and we need to curved prestressed reinforcement in suitable position at the end of the beam,then anchor effectively in the end of the main beam of the anchor plate with the support of the fulcrum, its "U" - shaped anchor plate i