城市规划外文文献翻译2

1、二 一 三 年 三 月外文文献翻译（一）题目：HongKong:The FactTown Planning一、内容简介：近年来，香港城市规划的目的是提供一个优质的生活环境，促进经济发展，促进健康，安全，指导和控制的发展和土地使用的方便和一般社区福利。遵循可持续发展的原则，城市规划旨在带来一个有组织的，有效地为社会生活和工作中的和可取的。在香港土地适宜性发展是稀缺的，有需要的方式利用有限的土地资源的竞争性需求的住房，商业，工业，交通，娱乐，自然保护的平衡，和其他社区的需求。香港的城镇规划系统：香港的发展战略规划法定部门计划在当地水平的领土和各种类型。指导的制备是香港规划标准和指导方针，发展有关的

2、相关政策的原则和社会各界的意见。二、外文文献原稿HongKong:The FactTown PlanningPurpose of Town Planning: Town Planning aims atproviding a quality living environment, facilitating economicdevelopment, and promoting the health, safety, convenienceand general welfare of the community by guiding andcontrolling development and t

3、he use of land. Following theprinciple of sustainable development, town planning seeksto bring about an organized, efficient and desirable place forthe community to live and work in. As land suitable fordevelopment in Hong Kong is scarce, there is a need tostrike a balance in utilizing the limited l

4、and resource to meetthe competing demands for housing, commerce, industry,transport, recreation, nature conservation, heritagepreservation and other community needs.Planning Organisations: The Planning and Lands Branchof the Development Bureau is in charge of the policyportfolios of planning, land u

5、se, buildings and urbanrenewal in Hong Kong. Taking directives from theDevelopment Bureau, the Planning Department (PlanD) isresponsible for formulating, monitoring and reviewing landuse at the territorial level. PlanD also prepares district/localplans, area improvement plans, the Hong Kong Planning

6、Standards and Guidelines as well as undertakes actionsagainst unauthorized land uses.The principal body responsible for statutory planningin Hong Kong is the Town Planning Board (TPB). It isformed under the Town Planning Ordinance (TPO) andserved by the PlanD. Comprising predominantlynon-official me

7、mbers, the TPB oversees the preparation ofdraft statutory plans, considers representations to suchdraft plans and considers applications for planningpermission and amendments to plans. There are twostanding committees under the TPB, namely, the MetroPlanning Committee and the Rural and New TownPlann

8、ing Committee. Under the TPO, the TPB may alsoappoint a committee among its members to considerrepresentations to draft statutory plans.Planning System: Hong Kongs planning systemcomprises development strategies at the territorial leveland various types of Statutory and Departmental Plans atthe dist

9、rict/local level. Guiding the preparation of theseplans is the Hong Kong Planning Standards andGuidelines, relevant development related policy andprinciples and community views.Territorial Development Strategy: The strategy aims atproviding a broad planning framework to guide futuredevelopment and t

10、he provision of strategic infrastructure inHong Kong. It also serves as a basis for the preparation ofdistrict plans. The findings of Hong Kong 2030: PlanningVision and Strategy (the HK2030 Study), a study toformulate the planning framework for Hong Kong up to2030, were promulgated in October 2007.

11、The HK2030Study has adopted sustainable development as itsover-arching goal. The recommended strategy, focusing onthe three broad directions of providing a quality livingenvironment, enhancing economic competitiveness andstrengthening links with the Mainland, aims to help HongKong achieve its vision

12、 as “Asias world city”.With increasing economic integration and socialinteraction between Hong Kong and the Mainland,cross-boundary surveys are commissioned regularly tocollect statistical information on various aspects ofcross-boundary activities, e.g. travel pattern andbehaviour, Hong Kong residen

13、ts experience of andaspirations for taking up residence in the Mainland. Thefindings of these surveys provide valuable input for theplanning of cross-boundary infrastructure and theformulation of development strategies. The planning studytitled Coordinated Development of the Greater Pearl RiverDelta

14、 Townships, jointly commissioned by Hong Kong,Guangdong and Macao to formulate a regionaldevelopment framework, was completed and its findingswere promulgated in October 2009.Statutory Plans: Two types of statutory plans areprepared and published by the TPB under the provisions ofthe TPO. In 2005, t

15、he TPO was amended to streamlinehe plan-making process and planning approvalprocedures, enhance the openness and transparency ofthe planning system and strengthen planning enforcementcontrol in the rural New Territories.The first type is Outline Zoning Plan (OZP) whichmajor road systems of an indivi

16、dual planning area. Areascovered by OZPs are in general zoned for uses such asresidential, commercial, industrial, green belt, open space,government/institution/community uses or other specifiedpurposes. Attached to each OZP is a Schedule of Notesshowing the uses which are always permitted (Column 1

17、uses) in a particular zone and other uses for which priorpermission from the TPB must be sought (Column 2 uses).The second type is Development Permission Area(DPA) Plan. DPA Plans are prepared to provide interimplanning control, and development guidance for rural areasin the New Territories until mo

18、re detailed OZPs areprepared. DPA Plans indicate broad land use zones andare also accompanied by Schedules of Notes showingColumn 1 and 2 uses. DPA Plans are effective for a periodof 3 years and will be replaced by OZPs.Information on statutory plans, related guidelines andprocedures as well as the

19、agenda and decisions of theopen meetings of the TPB and its Committees can beaccessed online from the TPB website at.hk/tpb/ and the Statutory PlanningPortal at .hk/. The public may alsoobserve those open meetings in the Public Viewing Roomlocated in North Poin

20、t Government Offices, 333 JavaRoad, North Point, Hong Kong.Departmental Plans: Outline Development Plans andLayout Plans are administrative plans prepared within theframework of the statutory plans. With a much larger scale,these departmental plans show more detailed levelplanning parameters e.g. si

21、te boundaries, location ofaccess points and footbridges, specific types ofgovernment or community uses to facilitate thecoordination of public works, land sales and landreservation for specific uses.Views from the public are essential considerations forthe formulation of development strategies and p

22、reparationof plans. Public engagement in the form of public forums,workshops, exhibitions, etc. has become a very importantcomponent of the planning process.Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines: It is areference manual setting out the criteria for determiningthe scale, location and site requi

23、rements of various landuses and facilities. It is used in the preparation of townplans and planning briefs and is a tool that helps toregulate development.Urban Renewal and Regeneration: The Urban RenewalAuthority (URA) is a statutory body established in 2001 tospeed up the renewal of old urban area

24、s and to executethe Urban Renewal Strategy formulated by theGovernment. PlanD co-ordinates with the URA under thestatutory provisions in the planning of urban renewal andregeneration projects for the improvement of the old urbanareas.The Government has launched a review of the UrbanRenewal Strategy

25、in 2008 in three stages envisioning,public engagement and consensus building, and isscheduled for completion in 2010. The Strategy willprovide a broad policy guidance for urban renewal in HongKong.New Town and New Development Areas: Large-scalenew town development in the New Territories began in the

26、early 1970s. PlanDs District Planning Offices have workedclosely with the Civil Engineering and DevelopmentDepartments Development Offices to prepare plans andoversee the development of these new towns. At present,nine new towns, namely, Tsuen Wan, Sha Tin, Tuen Mun,Tai Po, Yuen Long, Fanling/Sheung

27、 Shui, Tseung Kwan O,Tin Shui Wai and North Lantau are in various stages ofdevelopment and will accommodate about four millionpeople upon full development. However, large-scale newtowns will not be pursued in the foreseeable future. Instead,medium-scale new development areas such as Kai Tak andnew d

28、evelopment areas in the New Territories will bedeveloped.Enquiry Counters located at:- 17/F, North Point Government Offices,333 Java Road, North Point, Hong Kong- 14/F, Sha Tin Government Offices,1 Sheung Wo Che Road, Sha Tin, New TerritoriesFor enquiries, please call 2231 5000, fax to 2877 0389 ore

29、-mail to .hk.三、外文翻译部分城市规划：城市规划的目的是提供一个优质的生活环境，促进经济发展，促进健康，安全，指导和控制的发展和土地使用的方便和一般社区福利。遵循可持续发展的原则，城市规划旨在带来一个有组织的，有效地为社会生活和工作中的和可取的。在香港土地适宜性发展是稀缺的，有需要的方式利用有限的土地资源的竞争性需求的住房，商业，工业，交通，娱乐，自然保护的平衡，和其他社区的需求。规划：规划地分支机构发展局在规划，土地利用电荷，在香港建筑与城市更新。以发展局的指示，规划部门（车间）负责制定，监控和在地区范围内土地利用的回顾，地区改善计划，香港指南以及

30、进行措施应对非法土地使用情况。负责香港法定规划的主体是城市规划委员会（TPB）。这需要根据城市规划条例（TPO）的植物。包括官方成员，城规会的监督法定图则，以表示计划和考虑规划和修订计划中的应用。有乡村委员会下的理论，即，该委员会、农村和城镇规划委员会。在TPO，城规会成员之间的一个委员会制定法定图则。规划系统：香港的发展战略规划法定部门计划在区/当地水平的领土和各种类型。指导的制备是香港规划标准和指导方针，发展有关的相关政策的原则和社会各界的意见。全港发展策略：该战略的目的是提供一个广阔的规划框架来指导未来发展的战略基础设施和香港提供。它也可作为制备计划的基础。香港2030研究结果：规划和策

31、略（香港2030研究），研究制定了为香港中心成立.俄消息报规划框架，是在十月2007日颁布。该信息采取可持续发展为目标。建议的策略，聚焦于三大方向，提供高品质的生活环境，增强经济竞争力和加强与内地的联系，旨在帮助香港实现其愿景是“亚洲的世界城市”。随着经济一体化和社会交往香港与内地之间的跨境调查委托，定期收集各方面表现出不同的边界活动的统计信息，例如旅游模式和行为，以在中国内地居住的香港居民的经验和愿望。这些调查结果提供有价值的输入为跨边界基础设施和发展战略制定的计划。规划的大珠江三角洲城镇协调发展，共同委托香港，广东和澳门制定区域发展框架，完成了其发现在2009十月公布。法定图则：两种类型的

32、法定计划将公布的TPB的TPO规定。2005，TPO进行修正，计划的制定过程和规划，提高公开性和透明度的规划制度，加强规划新界乡郊地区。第一种是分区计划大纲（OEP）道路系统规划面积的分区计划大纲图一般划为使用这种商业，工业，绿色带，开放空间，政府/团体/社区用途或其他。每个分区计划大纲图是一个日程安排，总是允许使用在一个特定的区域和其他用途，从理论必须寻求实际。第二类是发展审批地区（DPA）计划。DPA的计划准备提供控制，为农村发展指导区新界直到更详细的分区计划大纲图技术。DPA的计划表明，广阔的土地利用区，还附有注释 1计划和2使用。DPA的计划一段时间是有效的3年，将取代法定分区计划大纲

33、图。计划的信息，相关的指导方针，程序以及对城规会及其委员会公开会议的议程和决策可以在线向城规会网站at.hk/tpb/和HTTP法定planningportal：/ / .hk /。公众可以那些公开会议在公众在北角政府合署，北角，香港。部门计划：发展大纲图布局计划行政计划内的法定计划准备了。一个更大的规模，这些部门的计划显示更详细的参数如工地边界，接入点位置和行人天桥，特定类型的政府或社区使用方便的公共工程的协调，为特定用途的土地销售和。从公众的意见是必要的考虑，在制定发展战略研究计划。公众参与公共论坛，展览，研讨会等形式，已成为规划过

34、程中的一个重要组成部分。香港规划标准与准则：这是参考手册制定的标准确定的规模，位置和不同土地利用类型和设施选址的要求。它是用于制备乡村制定和规划大纲，是一个工具，帮助调节发展。城市更新与再生：城市（URA）是在2001成立的法定组织，加快旧区更新和执行与市区重建策略制定的政府。平面坐标在旧的城市改善城市更新与更新项目的规划规定，市建局。政府已推出的城市更新策略的回顾2008三个阶段构想，公众的参与和建立共识，并预计于2010完成。城市更新策略提供广泛的政策指导香港。新市镇和新发展区：位于新界大镇的发展始于70年代早期。植物的区规划办公室与土木工程部的发展办公室编制计划并监管这些新城镇发展。目前

35、，九个新的城镇，即，荃湾，沙田，大埔，屯门，元朗，粉岭、上水，将军澳，天水围及北大屿山是在不同阶段的发展，可容纳约四人的全面发展。然而，大规模的新市镇在可预见的将来不可能追求。相反，中等规模的新发展等领域的新发展区的启德在新界开发。询问柜台位于：17 / f，北角政府合署，333个java路，北角，香港14 / f，沙田政府合署，1上禾輋路，沙田，新界如有查询，请致电2231，5000，0389或传真至2877电子邮件.hk。外文文献翻译（二）题目：City-region parallels一、内容简介：美国是一个幅员辽阔的大陆规模的国家，国土面积大，增加人口或

36、国内生产总值明显。美国的趋势，乡村的经济发展的时候，例如考虑如何美国新城市规划的已经席卷英国，特别是在约翰·普雷斯科特满腔热情地通过了。现在，在欧洲，我们有一个运动自愿自下而上的地方当局联合会，西米德兰兹或大曼彻斯特地区的城市，这意味着当地政府的重新组织。因此，在大西洋两侧的，这可能是一个虚假的黎明。这当然是一个看起来不成熟的凌乱与现有的正式的政府想违背的机构。但是，也许这是一个新的后现代的风格，像我们这样的社会管理自己的事务的征兆。有趣的是，在法国和德国的类似举措也一起萌生，它们可以代表重大的东西的开端。二、外文文献原稿Source: Town and Country Planni

37、ng. 75.3 (Mar. 2006): p70.Document Type: ArticleFor one thing, the United States is a vast continental-scale country-far larger in area, although not of course inpopulation or GDP, than our European Union, let alone our tiny island or the even tinier strip of denselyurbanised territory that runs fro

38、m the Sussex Coast to the M62. For another-an associated (but too oftenignored) thing-the United States has a federal system of government, meaning that your life (and even, if youhappen to be a murderer, your death) is almost totally dependent on the politics of your own often-obscure StateCapitol,

39、 rather than on those of far-distant Washington, DC.And, stemming from those two facts, America is an immensely Iocalised and even isolatednation. Particularlyif you happen to live in any of the 30 or so states that form its deep interior heartland, from an Americanvantage point the world-even Washi

40、ngton, let alone Europe or China-really is a very Iong way away.Although no-one seems exactly to know, it appears that an amazingly small number of Americans have apassport: maybe one in five at most. And since I was reliably told on my recent visit that many Americans thinkthey need one to visit Ha

41、waii, it's a fair bet that even fewer have ever truly ventured abroad.That thought recurred repeatedly on the flight back, when in the airport bookstall I picked up a best-sellingpiece of the higher journalism in which America excels, What's the Matter with Kansas?, by Thomas Frank. Anative

42、of Kansas, Frank poses the question: why in 2000 (and again in 2004) did George W. Bush sweep somuch of his home state-as of most of the 'red America' heartland states-when the people who voted for himwere voting for their own economic annihilation? For Frank convincingly shows that they wer

43、e denying theirown basic self-interests-sometimes to the degree that they were helping to throw themselves out of work.The strange answer is that in 21st-century America, the neo-conservatives have succeeded in fighting electionson non-economic, so-called moral issues-like abortion, or the teaching

44、of intelligent design in the publicschools. And the people at the bottom of the economic pile are the most likely to vote that way.Well, we're a long way behind that curve-or ahead of it, you might say. But American trends, howeverimplausible at the time, have an alarming way of arriving in the

45、UK one or two decades later (just look at trashTV). Who knows? Maybe by 2016, or earlier, our own home-grown anti-evolutionists will be busily engaged inmass TV burnings of 10 pounds sterling notes-assuming of course that by then the portrait of Darwin hasn't been replaced by a Euro-bridge. Mean

46、while, vive la difference.Yet, despite such fundamental divides, the interesting fact is that in academic or professional life the intellectualcurrents and waves tend to respect no frontiers. Consider for instance how the American New Urbanismmovement has swept the UK, particularly after John Presco

47、tt so enthusiastically adopted it and made it aLeitmotif of his Urban Summit a year ago. And now, as Mike Teitz shows in his piece in this issue of Town &Country Planning, there's yet another remarkable development: apparently in complete independence, a cityregionmovement is spring up over

48、there, uncannily similar in some ways to what's happening here.Just compare some parallels.Here, we had metropolitan counties from 1973, when a Tory government created them, to 1986, when a Torygovernment abolished them. There, they had a movement for regional 'councils of governments'-b

49、ut they wereweak and unpopular, and effectively faded away.Now, we have a movement for city-regions as voluntary bottom-up federations of local authorities in certainareas, like the West Midlands or Greater Manchester, but without any suggestion that this means localgovernment re-organisation. And t

50、here, they have what Mike Teitz calls regionalism by stealth: in California'slarger metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles or the San Francisco Bay Area, there is a new movement thatmakes no attempt to create new regional agencies, but instead uses any convenient existing agency in order toinvo

51、lve local governments closely in updating their land use plans to reflect regional goals.There's one significant feature of the Californian model that maybe has no parallel on this side: it usesincentives, such as the availability of federal transportation improvement funds, to win local collabo

52、ration. Butin a sense, you could argue that a major new initiative from our Department for Transport-regionalprioritisation, whereby the new regional planning bodies set their own priorities for investment-could work inthe same way: these bodies, all of which are producing new-style regional spatial

53、 strategies, are now having torelate these to their planned investments in roads or public transport.Of course, there are huge differences. First, ours is a typical top-down initiative, a kind of downward devolutionby order of Whitehall, and it remains unclear whether Whitehall won't after all s

54、econd-guess the regionalpriorities, as with the 260 million pounds sterling Manchester Metrolink extensions which form a huge chunkof the North West priority list but which have already been rejected by Alistair Darling. And second, theexercise is being performed by regional strategic planning bodie

55、s that operate at a much larger spatial scale thanthe city-regions: the North West, for instance, contains no less than three such city-regions as defined in theNorthern Way strategy-or three somewhat different city-regions (plus one other) as defined in a new report forOffice of the Deputy Prime Mi

56、nister from the Universities of Salford and Manchester, A Framework for CityRegions.Nonetheless, it's precisely since John Prescott's failed attempt to give such bodies democratic legitimacy, in theNorth East referendum, that the city-region idea has surfaced-clearly as an alternative to it.

57、 It's not entirely outof the question, although it would be exceedingly messy, to conceive of a new city-regional structure carved outof the present regional structure.So, on either side of the Atlantic, this may be a false dawn. It's certainly one that looks inchoate, untidy and atodds with

58、 existing formal structures of government. But perhaps that's symptomatic of a new postmodern (orpost-postmodern) style by which societies like ours run their affairs. Interestingly, similar initiatives areemerging in France and Germany. Together, they could represent the beginnings of something

59、 significant.Sir Peter Hall is Professor of Planning and Regeneration in the Bartlett School of Planning, University CollegeLondon, and President of the TCPA. The views expressed here are his own.Hall, PeterSource CitationHall, Peter. "City-region parallels." Town and Country Planning Mar. 2006: 70+. General OneFile. Web. 15Mar. 2012.Document URL三、外文翻译部分原因之一是，美国是一个幅员辽阔的大陆规模的国家，虽然是面积大，但当然不是增加人口或