北京理工大学真题2006年(含答案)

1、北京理工大学2006年Part Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Chouse the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on th

2、e Machine-Scoring Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view the

3、ir role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalize

4、d. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral. Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animato

5、rs have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracie

6、s in learners' first or home languages or dialects and. in their orality? Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading vers

7、us the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology w

8、orks on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance

9、 of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problerm-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the i

10、dea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?1. A literacy animator is one who _. A. struggles for a more meaningful life B. frees people from poverty and illiteracy C. is committed to marginalize the illiterate D. is concerned with what is behind illiteracy2

11、. The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way _. A. promote students' home languages B. force students to accept their culture C. teach nothing but reading and writing D. consider literacy as of non-neutral nature3. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to _. A. teach Americ

12、an customs and ideology B. make a choice of culture to be fostered C. reject the values of the dominant class D. help maintain Nigerian language and culture4. According to the author, "choral reading" may represent _. A. individualism B. collectivism C. competition D. immersion5. Animator

13、ideology emphasizes more on _. A. the social function of literacy B. students' performance in tests C. the dominant group's language D. the attainment of life skillsPassage Two According to one survey of 12, 000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Year's resolutions say they don

14、't even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5 actually stays on track for six months or more, reports eDiets, com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site. But don't let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term,

15、 even if you're struggling now. "The motivation comes from within, and so when you find that you're declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, 'Is this going to get me the results that I want?'" says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and lice

16、nsed nutritionist. "And if you're doing something every day to eat healthy, then that's going to pay off in the long run." Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90 -10 eating rule. "If you're eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can c

17、ut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably." She says she believes that "healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution." The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too. Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help st

18、rengthen a weakening workout program. Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few weeks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping into your routine. Setting goals too high is another common mistake, "If you're not run

19、ning a marathon at the end of the month, don't worry," said Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workoutand the resulting pain and stiffnessis discouraging and may force most to abandon a program. Starting slowly is key. But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside, Uria says to start

20、 up again immediately. "A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride. drive toward that goal," he says.6. According to the author, only about 20% people keeping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that _. A. the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as well B. those

21、who have made their resolution should give up their effort C. whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chips D. long-term resolutions are not important for those facing troubles7. What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule acording to the passage? A. You should keep eating health

22、y 90% of the time. B. You should feel to eat 10% of the time. C. You should learn to eat healthy gradually. D. Sudden change will be more efficient and effective.8. Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise? A. Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired. B

23、. Keeping boredom away from your daily activity. C. Making a schedule with too high goals in it. D. Running a marathon at the beginning of the month.9. How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution? A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven10. What is critically importa

24、nt in making long-lerm resolutions successful? A. You should be struggling with yourself all the time. B. You should constantly evaluate the results you want. C. You should try to keep yourself motivated. D. You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice.Passage Three Our present genera

25、tion of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has been cast adrift, without any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to support serious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few

26、in number. Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, content to employ a prose style that is decipherable only to a handful of the cognoscenti. The deadly dive of Uniersity critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingnes

27、s of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusion that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations. Such narratives of declension, a staple of American intellect

28、ual life since the time of the Puritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate, so difficult to prove. Has the level of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of coarse the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of

29、cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate that cultural criticism is alive and well. But many new and thriving venues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely t6 the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so entrusted with their own cer

30、titude and political judgments that they beacme largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We live in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as

31、the famous, but not a typical case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She surveyed a literary culture that had embraced "snark", her term for hostile, self-serving reviews. The snark review, according to Julavits,

32、eschews a serious engagement with literature in favor of a sound-bite approach, an attempt to turn the review into a form of entertainment akin to film reviews or restaurant critiques. A critic found cultural criticism to be in "critical condition". For him, the postmodern turn to theory,

33、in its questioning of objectivity, cut the critical, independent ground out from under reviewers. The rise of chain bookstores and blockbuster best sellers demeaned literary culture, making it prey to the commercial values of the market and entertainment. The criticism does not seem discontinuous. N

34、or should we forget that civility rarely reigned in the circles of New York intellectuals. The art critic Clement Greenberg physically pummeled the theatre critic Lionel Abel after Abel rejected the view that Jean Wahl, the French philosopher, was anti-Semitic. Though Robert Peck has the reputation

35、of a literary hatchet man, so far as I know his blows thus far have all been confined to the printed page. Cultural criticism has certainly changed over the years. The old day's of the critic who wielded unchallenged authority have happily passed. Ours is a more pluralistic age, one not beholden

36、 to a narrow literary culture. The democratization of criticism as in the Amazon system of readers' evaluating booksis a messy affair, as democracy must be. But the solution to the problems of criticism in the present is best not discovered in the musty basements of nostalgia and sentiment for t

37、he cultual criticism of a half-century gone. Rather the solution is to recognize, as John Dewey did almost a century ago, that the problems of democracy demand more democracy, less nostalgia for a golden age that never was, and a spirit of openness to what is new and invigorating in our culture.11.

38、What is the possible connection between cultural critics and publications and institutions? A. Cultural critics attack postmodernism and commercialization cherished by publications and institutions. B. Postmodernism and commercialization are attacked by the serious publications and institutions. C.

39、Cultural criticism is short of judgments and will not exist without the support of publications and institutions. D. Publications and institutions show almost no interest in serious cultural criticism.12. How do the university critics like the serious cultural criticism? A. Cultural criticism is not

40、 serious enough when the articles are written in the cozy prose style. B. Popular culture is so prevailing that serious critics are not willing to keep to the shallow standards. C. Serious cultural criticism is full of insignificant quarrels and the public do not really trust it. D. Cultural critics

41、 have become so serious as to tell the stories imbued with American intellectual Puritanism.13. What is the author's opinion of the current complaint about the literary expansion into the other fields? A. When literary critics discuss issues with political judgments, their views are likely to be

42、 meaningless. B. It is reasonable for writers to seek limelight since we are living in the age of commercialism. C. Critics should be encouraged to write and publish poignant articles which would scorch the landscape. D. It is the critics' responsibility to lament the downfall of serious fiction

43、 and reviewing.14. What does "the snark review" refer to according to Heidi Julavits? A. Cultural reviews which are unfriendly and selfless. B. Literary reviews avoiding serious criticism. C. Entertainment reviews in the film industry. D. Postmodern reviews independent of objectivity.15. I

44、n order to find a way out the current dilemma for the cultunal criticism, the author suggests that _. A. we should return to the old days when the critics passed their judgments without challenges B. pluralism should be held back, reinforcing the unchallenged authority in the literary criticism C. d

45、emocriatic criticism should not be adopted because it is rather messy as proved in the Amazon system D. we should encourage more democracy, dismiss nostalgia and cultivate an open attitudePassage Four In July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in

46、Surrey. Experts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9,000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season. Within hours of the diagnosis, vete

47、rinary experts had swung into action, throwing up a 3km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defra's Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division felt it was safe for poultr

48、y move virus has reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5Nlvirns, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on th

49、ese shores. What happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained, and most important of allwhether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct

50、 human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out. "Every time a new person gets infected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic," said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reac

51、h Britain. "It's a very small chance, probably 1 in a 1,000, 1 in 10,00O or less." Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the V

52、eterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weybridge, Surrey. If lan Brown, the head of avian virology, there, confirms the cause of death as HSN1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine, restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing int

53、o action. Other agencies, such as the Department of Healththe Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of Defence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that the outbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination. At this point

54、, with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, t

55、he emergency committee which coordinates Whitehall's response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order. The Department of Health's pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54,000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in Ju

56、ne, CCS officials warned that that could be an underestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000a projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic plan later this month. In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many death

57、 sin the 12 weeks of an epidemic as there usually are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000 people would require hospital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick. To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu (药名), an a

58、nti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14m courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The govenment would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At present there are contingency plans for just two to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1. The consequences hardly bear thinking abou