武汉大学考博英语写作讲义

1、 the age of information technology has taken a lot of people by surprise and become a way of life for some people, especially the young. they would make extensive use of telecom services and log onto the internet whenever possible. in their eyes, the internet not only presents an opportunity for the

2、 advancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge, but also provides them with a virtual existence which is far more appealing than traditional life. for some others, however, the information technology is something abstruse and scary. they know very little about it and may be unlikely to

3、 learn. they have difficulty coping with the increased social and technological complexity and overload brought forth by the information technology, therefore preferring to interact with human beings and avoid any contact with computers or machines. would information technology polarize the society

4、and lead to serious social problems? i dont think so, since we have to go with the tide. the information technology will transform our society as significantly as the two industrial revolutions. it not only increases human productivity in both our personal lives and the workplace, but also improves

5、education and health care, provides new ways to shop, enables professional and social encounters across the globe, and generally permeates the thousands of things we do in the course of our daily lives. once the laggards realize that the information technology will dramatically affect people and org

6、anizations on a wide scale, most of them would, and they have to catch up with the time. as for those few people who are so obstinate as to go against the tide, they would be left behind by history. therefore the society would embrace information technology as a whole rather than be polarized.2008 年

7、湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled science and technology in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. 科技创新的紧迫性;2. 如何创造中国品牌;3. my suggestions.2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you

8、 are required to write a composition entitled harmonious society in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. 为什么要创建和谐社会；2. 如何创建和谐社会；3. 和谐社会的前景.2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled outbrea

9、k of epidemic disease in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. 大规模传染性疾病极其影响;2. 疾病发生和扩散的原因;3. my suggestions.2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled should the laying-off fireworks be bann

10、ed or not? in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. 城市燃放烟花爆竹的好处；2. 城市燃放烟花爆竹不利之处；3. 我的看法.2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled internet security in no less than 200 words. your compositi

11、on should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. is necessary to censor the content of internet information;2. your main reason;3. your suggestion.2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled to be superstar over night in no less than 200 wo

12、rds. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. 超级女生；2. 造成这种现象的原因；3. 我的看法.2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled should private owned cars being encouraged? in no less than 200 words. your composition should be base

13、d on the following outlines:outlines:1. the advantages of procession of private cars;2. the disadvantages of procession of private cars;3. my suggestions.2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled money-originated education in no less than 200 wor

14、ds. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. 教育乱收费；2. 教育乱收费的原因；3. 我的看法.2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled 2008 beijing olympic games in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on the following

15、 outlines:outlines:1. beijing has been chosen as host for 2008 olympic games;2. the importance of 2008 beijing olympic games;3. my suggestions.2008年武汉大学博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled a new chapter in space in no less than 200 words. your compos

16、ition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. “神六”发射成功；2. “神六”发射成功的重要意义；3. 展望未来.directions：a) title: private cars in chinab) you should write an essay on the outline below in no less than 200 words.c) your essay should be written on answer sheet iioutline：1.encourage or not encourage p

17、rivate cars2.use specific reasons to support your point of view3.measures of encouraging or limiting private cars private cars，in most developed countries，used to be the counterpart of bicycles in china. nevertheless，more and more chinese people have cars of their own nowadays. it is an indication o

18、f the lifted living standard of chinese people. but in my opinion，private ownership of cars should not be encouraged in china. there are sound reasons for the limitation of private cars in china. first，it is self-evident that the automobile contributes much to air pollution. in china，especially in l

19、arge cities whose residents are more likely to buy private cars，the pollution of the air is already very serious. more private cars will inevitably aggravate the present situation. second，private cars can be a formidable threat to the traffic. to tell the truth，today many people can afford a car，if

20、a large number of private cars rush onto the streets，the already dense traffic will suffer more. last but not the least，the automobile consumes energy. we always proudly claim our country is rich in natural resources. but in the mean time，we need to remember we also have a large population. we do ha

21、ve rich resources of energy，but speaking of energy，we can not smile with ease. therefore，i sincerely believe that private cars should be discouraged in china. then，by what means shall we limit private cars？since people buy private cars mainly for convenience，my first suggestion is to develop adequat

22、e public transportation which is effective and punctual. at the same time，we should raise the price of gasoline to a prohibitive level so as to make cardriving expensive enough. all in all，private cars，from my point of view，should be limited in china. no one can doubt the essential fact that the tra

23、ffic problem over the last years has caused wide public concern all over the world. experts in increasing numbers are beginning to believe that such situation would produce unfavorable effects on economic growth of local areas. there are several reasons for this problem. one of the main reasons is t

24、hat the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses. meanwhile, the numbers of people, who have access to their own cars, have risen sharply in the recent years. moreover,

25、 many people, including drivers and cyclists, do not obey the traffic rules properly, especially at busy intersections. and this undoubtedly worsens the already grave situation. the number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses should be increased. too many

26、 cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. all the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. these gases are very harmful, causi

27、ng disease and even death. last winter, car fumes formed heavy smog over beijing, making the sky gloomy for weeks and deteriorating peoples health. one possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. in tsinghua university, campus buses are driven by electricity. in beijing so

28、me of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. but it may take decades for the new models of clean cars to completely replace the traditional ones.another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the u

29、se of private cars. if the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not private cars. and the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. on the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the co-efforts from the gov

30、ernment, the public and the environments. this problem will be solved only with the help of science and technology. 2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are required to write a composition entitled the outbreak of birds flu in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on

31、 the following outlines:outlines:1. 大规模传染性疾病极其影响;2. 疾病发生和扩散的原因;3. my suggestions. sars has affected peoples daily lives in some important places. what has it shown us about ourselves? what lessons can we draw from its spread? the outbreak of sars urges people to change their unhealthy habits or cust

32、oms, which may add fuel to the fire. meals served individually should be encouraged. that is, each one has his own portion of food instead of sharing it from common plates. this practice will greatly reduce the possibility of the spread of germs. we should also confine spitting or littering in publi

33、c places. for pet lovers, they should take measures to prevent infections being transferred by animals. the government should learn how to deal with emergencies from this sars spread. participation of and cooperation with the people are vital in curbing the crisis. thus, the government should take t

34、he responsibility to inform the public. blocking information will always intensify, instead of ease, panic. there is also an urgent need to set up a nationwide public health network, to improve the response to public health emergencies such as the sars epidemic. everyone turns pale at the mention of

35、 sars. some even hide home with food stored. however, i think it is not necessary to be so scared. epidemics are not rare in human history. as long as we treat and prevent it in the right way, we will finally conquer it. mankinds future depends on ourselves. all-around effort is needed against aids

36、more media coverage is being paid to the hiv/aids situation in china, especially after a gathering of leading officials, scientists, medical workers and activists in the field occurred in beijing on november 10. by official estimates, china has 840,000 people carrying hiv, the virus that causes aids

37、, and about 80,000 aids patients. despite the fairly large groups of hiv carriers and aids patients, the epidemic is mostly confined to high-risk groups, such as drug users, prostitutes and users of blood products. and it has yet to spread widely in the rest of the nation. the chinese government is

38、well aware of such perspectives, and the central and local governments have allocated 6.8 billion yuan (us$822 billion) to establish and improve disease prevention and control mechanisms in provinces. each year a special fund of more than 200 million yuan (us$24 million) is channeled into hiv/aids p

39、revention, care and treatment. since april, free medicine to poor aids patients has been delivered in regions hit hardest by the virus. just as the impacts of aids reaches social and economic fields of society, effective prevention also requires united efforts from virtually all sectors. key factors

40、 needed include public education, affordable drugs, medical training for healthcare workers in hospitals and the public health system, monitoring and evaluation, care for orphans, measures to stop mother-to-child transmission, a comprehensive care framework and research into vaccines and a cure. non

41、e of these things can be achieved with the single hand of any institution not health officials, not medical workers or the government. the fight against hiv/aids requires the participation of as many parties as possible. as former us president bill clinton said as a co-chair of the advisory board of

42、 international aids trust, the aids problem is “manageable and preventable” though we must wage it on all fronts with tenuous determination, utmost patience and tactful skills. the outbreak of bird flu in asia and europe is triggering concerns that the virus can mutate and set off a pandemic with hu

43、man to human infections, especially with the winter bird migratory season now in full swing. sounded alarm bells saying that people will be continuously exposed to flu risks this winter and next spring. nation must remain alert to bird flu threat the bird flu death toll on the chinese mainland has r

44、isen to five, after two more people died of the h5n1 virus last week. the situation is also very serious in turkey, where 18 people have reportedly been infected with the virus, of whom two have died. two more deaths are a warning that the situation is still serious, and that we must never slacken e

45、fforts in monitoring and preventative work. during the spring festival, millions of chinese were on the move, which could make it easier for a virus such as h5n1 to be passed on. although we have established bird flu monitoring stations across the country, more efforts are needed to upgrade monitori

46、ng and preventative measures during this special period. measures should be taken to sterilize passenger vehicles and waiting rooms at railway stations, airports and bus stations. medical teams should be ready to handle suspected cases among travellers. since there is so much to discover about how t

47、he h5n1 strain spreads among birds, how humans are infected and whether there are different types of the virus, our vigilance must be maintained. it is possible some of these migrating birds may carry bird flu and therefore pose a threat to other birds and humans alike. we must have contingency plan

48、s for dealing with possible outbreaks among domestic fowl. it is good news that the testing of vaccines against avian influenza is in the pipeline. those that have been injected with the vaccines on a trial basis have not suffered any negative effects. the trials are continuing, but it will take tim

49、e before the vaccines are used on a clinical basis. experience from fighting sars has shown that transparency in information, efficient monitoring and preventative measures and effective quarantine of those infected will help prevent a pandemic. 2008 年湖北省博士研究生（作文预测）：directions: in this part, you are

50、 required to write a composition entitled the successful launch of shenzhou-vi in no less than 200 words. your composition should be based on the following outlines:outlines:1. “神六”发射成功；2. “神六”发射成功的重要意义；3. 展望未来. new chapter in space history the shenzhou-vi, or “divine ship,” has carried the first ch

51、inese into orbit and the country into the prestigious space club pioneered four decades ago by the former soviet union and the united states. as the inventor of the ancient rocket, the chinese nation had cherished a space dream for centuries. the launch of its first satellite, the dongfanghong, in 1

52、970 ushered in chinas space age. now, the shenzhou-vi marks another giant stride in chinas space trek. as the worlds largest developing country, china is more than proud of making its own contribution to human beings outer space exploration. by reigniting peoples interest in the universe, chinas lat

53、est accomplishment appears especially important for rejuvenating the worlds space programmes, which have unfortunately been bogged down by accidents in recent years. the blast-off of chinas first manned spacecraft will definitely breathe new energy into the countrys pursuit of space technologies for

54、 the overall welfare of its people. just imagine what new seed varieties with higher yields and better qualities, which are developed in space, would mean to a country with 1.3 billion people. it is hoped that wider applications of space technology will turn out to be an important driving force in t

55、he countrys economic and social development. expensive as they are, manned missions are worth it. in addition to offering a tremendous boost to a countrys technological capabilities and creating a plenitude of other possibilities, they are a huge morale booster. the successful launch of shenzhou-vi

56、has clearly showcased the value of devotion, co-operation and pursuit of the unknown. and the upbeat spirit the first chinese astronaut demonstrated in the face of the unknown will inspire the nation to take on challenges as it continues to evolve. chinas manned star trek signals a brighter future t

57、he ultimate goal of the programme is to explore outer space and make good use of its rich resources. the universe is abundant with energy and resources, while mankind, on its way to self-improvement and development, must constantly seek new channels to acquire more resources. since the 1970s many co

58、untries have conducted experiments in space and achieved major breakthroughs in the research of key space technologies. a comprehensive satellite system, offering services in fields like telecommunications, navigation, meteorology and outer space exploration, has been established. since 1975, china

59、has successfully launched 17 recoverable satellites. as those satellites orbited the earth, a variety of experiments in space engineering, agriculture, life sciences and space materials were smoothly conducted. as the worlds most populous nation with a population of 1.2 billion, china relies heavily

60、 on its agricultural sector. as early as 1987, chinas recoverable satellites started to carry plant seeds into orbit in a bid to breed new seed varieties with higher yields and better quality. outer space is an ideal industrial base, as the universe is very clean and almost without gravity. the unit