篇章练习 I——第三次课

1、篇章练习 IEmma生物类I. Contents involved 涉及内容 (1) 动物的生活习性 living habits (2) 基因 / 器官的研究 researches on genes and organs (3) 植物的典型机能活动 e.g., chlorophyll and photosynthesisII. Strategies 策略 (1) 扩充背景知识 (生物学) e.g., 鸟类 / 昆虫如何繁殖及建造自己洞穴 (2) 背单词, 尤指专业术语 (3) 训练较复杂句型 (also with professional phrases in them)生物类雅思阅读常见动植

2、物类词汇I. 动物 mammal 哺乳动物 antelope (n.) 羚羊 kangaroo (n.) 袋鼠 leopard (n.) 豹 joey (n.) 小袋鼠 elephant (n.) 大象 koala (n.) 树袋熊，考拉 zebra (n.) 斑马 brown bear (n.) 棕熊 rabbit (n.) 兔子 polar bear (n.) 北极熊 rhino (n.) 犀牛 panda (n.) 熊猫 hippo (n.) 河马 dinosaur (n.)恐龙 squirrel (n.) 松鼠 生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I. 动物 goat (n.) 山羊 she

3、ep (n.) 绵羊 camel (n.) 骆驼 bat (n.) 蝙蝠 marine mammal 海洋哺乳动物 shark (n.) 鲨鱼 dolphin (n.) 海豚 whale (n.) 鲸鱼 blue whale (n.) 蓝鲸 killer whale (n.) 虎鲸 minke whale (n.) 小须鲸 sperm whale (n.) 抹香鲸 Northern right whale (n.) 北露脊鲸 生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I. 动物 sea otter (n.) 海獭 bird species 禽类 pigeon (n.) 鸽子 falcon (n.) 游隼，

4、猎鹰 hawk (n.) 隼，鹰 parrot (n.) 鹦鹉 penguin (n.) 企鹅 emu (n.) 鸸鹋 ostrich (n.) 鸵鸟 insect 昆虫 kaka (n.) 卡卡啄羊鹦鹉(新西兰的一种橄榄色鹦鹉) wasp (n.) 黄蜂 bee (n.) 蜜蜂生物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇I. 动物 reptile爬行动物 lizard (n.) 蜥蜴 chameleon (n.)变色龙 amphibian 两栖动物 crocodile (n.) 鳄鱼 frog (n.) 青蛙 toad (n.) 蟾蜍 herring (n.) 鲱鱼 whiting (n.) 牙鳕 oce

5、an urchin (n.) 海胆 jellyfish (n.) 水母 spider (n.) 蜘蛛 lobster (n.) 龙虾植物类雅思阅读常见动植物类词汇II. 植物 marine forest (n.) 海底森林 kelp forest (n.) 海草林，巨藻林 pine tree (n.) 松树 pepper (n.) 胡椒 passion fruit (n.) 西番莲子 garlic (n.) 大蒜 ginger (n.) 姜 pea (n.) 豌豆 lentil (n.) 扁豆 lettuce (n.) 莴苣，生菜 spinach (n.) 菠菜 celery (n.) 芹菜

6、cauliflower (n.) 花椰菜，菜花 broccoli (n.) 西兰花 aubergine / eggplant (n.) 茄子典型篇章A Remarkable Beetle 一种值得注意的甲虫相关背景知识：种群分布：蜣螂dung beetle, 俗称屎壳郎, 主要以动物粪便为食, 有“自然界清道夫”的称号。主要行为活动为钻进牛粪里的虫类，可以将粪便滚动成球状，推行向前。世界上有2万多种蜣螂，分布在南极洲以外的任何一块大陆。最著名的蜣螂（圣甲虫）生活在埃及，有 12.5厘米长。世界上最大的蜣螂是10厘米长的巨蜣螂。典型篇章A Remarkable Beetle 一种值得注意的甲虫相

7、关背景知识：进食规律在非洲大草原上，当雨季雨后的第四天夜里，成千上万只蜣螂就会从地面钻出来。大雨过后，大象贪婪地享用着新生的植物，可是消化系统难以承受这突然增大的负荷，不少吞下去的食物又奉还到地面上。巨蜣螂是蜣螂中体形最大的一种，它的食物来源主要依靠大象的粪便。每天，大象们在平原上留下数百吨象粪，后面跟随着蜣螂大军。一部分象粪被埋入地下，蜣螂的劳动使得土地肥活起来。这是一个循环往复的过程，巨蜣螂在其中担负着重要的角色。典型篇章A Remarkable Beetle 一种值得注意的甲虫相关背景知识：生物链中意义：因为能加速使粪便转变为其他生物能利用的物质的过程，所以对人类有益。农业用途蜣螂可以清

8、理动物的粪便，抑制其他以粪便为食的害虫，以及减少排放的温室气体。在澳大利亚，原有的蜣螂品种只喜爱食用小粒的粪便如袋鼠粪，而不喜欢外来的牛、羊的粪便。从 19651985 年，澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织在 George Bornemissza 博士领导下，开始了澳大利亚蜣螂计划，成功的从世界各地引进 23 个品种的蜣螂，其中显著的品种有 Onthophagus gazella 和 Euoniticellus intermedius。结果改善了澳大利亚的牧场的粪便堆积问题，同时减少了约 90% 有害的丛林飞蝇。典型篇章例题讲解Question：Do the following statemen

9、ts reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LO

10、CATE1. Bush flies are easier to control than buffalo flies. 语言信号词comparison, 表示比较关系 两处名词作为相对于本文主人公dung beetles是一个new concept对应文中第二段：Australias native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers, specialising in coarse marsupial droppings and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and buf

11、falo flies breed.但无be easier than的比较概念，故答案为：NOT GIVEN典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE2. Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO. specific information之number: four thousand time (date): initially 表示一开始, 时间程度早 place: Australia 国家也是地名 (the) CSIRO: 特殊写法之大写, 特定称呼对应文

12、中第三段：典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE对应文中第三段：In the early 1960s George Bornemissza0 then a scientist at the Australian Governments premier research organisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetles should be introduced to Australia to contro

13、l dung-breeding flies. Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50(与4000严重不符！) different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia. Of the 26 species that are known to have become successfully integrated in

14、to the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary. 故答案为 NO典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE3. Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen-year period. specific information之 time (date): a fourteen-year period 进一步修饰

15、时间程度之深浅: over 另: place和特定组织仍稍作留意 对应文中第三段： 典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE对应文中第三段：In the early 1960s (超过了14 years) George Bornemissza0 then a scientist at the Australian Governments premier research organisation, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), suggested that dung

16、beetles should be introduced to Australia to control dung-breeding flies. Between 1968 and 1982 (超过了14 years), the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia. Of the 26 species tha

17、t are known to have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary. 故答案为YES典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE4. At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia. specifi

18、c information之 number: twenty-six 进一步修饰时间程度之深浅: at least place (Australia) 也稍作留意 另: 句中动词 (have been established) 也稍作留意 (同义句转化) 对应文中第三段：典型篇章例题讲解SCAN & LOCATE对应文中第三段：In the early 1960s (超过了14 years) George Bornemissza0 then a scientist at the Australian Governments premier research organisation, t

19、he Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetles should be introduced to Australia to control dung-breeding flies. Between 1968 and 1982 (超过了14 years), the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and

20、 Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia. Of the 26 species that are known to (表示所知范围内, 还有不被知晓的, 故大于等于26) have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only one, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary. 故答案为 YES典型篇章例题讲解SCAN &