关系代词之基本用法经典实用

1、关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法 grammar(关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法)关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法 the attributive clause（定语从句）（定语从句） 1. 概念概念: 在复合句中，在复合句中， 修饰名词或代词的句子叫做修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词先行词。 引导定语从句的词叫做引导定语从句的词叫做关系词关系词。she is an english teacher who likes traveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词结构：先行词+关系词关系词+定语从

2、句定语从句关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法she is an english teacher who likes traveling.定语从句关系词先行词结构：先行词结构：先行词+关系词关系词+定语从句定语从句关系词关系词:1.关系代词: 2.关系副词:whichthat、whowhomwhose when wherewhy2.关系词的三大作用：关系词的三大作用：1）. 连接主从句连接主从句2）. 替代先行词（关系词替代先行词（关系词=先行词）先行词）3）. 在从句中做成分在从句中做成分意意义义关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法关系代关系代词词先行词先行词从句从句成分成分例句例句who人

3、人主语主语宾语宾语the man who i met today told me to come back.the reporter who is talking to the worker is famous.whom 人人宾语宾语the girl whom i met looks like lily.that人；物人；物主语主语宾语宾语she is the person that i want to see.the boy that has just left here is my brother.which 物物主语主语宾语宾语this is a book which was writt

4、en by hemingway.the pen which you lent me is lost.the room whose window is red is mine.this is the scientist whose name is john nash.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法关系代词- that that : 既可指人，也可指物，在定语既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语从句中作主语/宾语宾语,且作宾语时可省略且作宾语时可省略. a plane is a machine that can fly. the noodles (that) i cooked were d

5、elicious. who is the man that is reading a book ? the girl (that) we saw yesterday was betty. 关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法关系代词- which which: 指物指物,在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语 or宾语，宾语，作宾语时可省略作宾语时可省略. i lost the book which you gave me. this is our school which is very beautiful.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which

6、 v 当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时vall/none/anything/nothing/veverythingvall that can be done must be done.vwe should make use of everything that is useful.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情的情形形 v当先行词被当先行词被v all/little/few/much/some/any/no/every 修饰时修饰时vall the students that are studying in our class

7、 are from guangdong province.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法v当先行词被最高级、序数词以及当先行词被最高级、序数词以及 v the only / the very 修饰时修饰时vthis is the only book that i can find in my desk.vhe is the very guy that i want to talk to.vthe first thing that you should do is to eat sth.(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which 关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法v 当主句前以当

8、主句前以which / who 开头开头 的特殊疑问词时的特殊疑问词时 (避免重复避免重复)vwho is the girl that is standing over there?vwhich ball is the one that belongs to mike?(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情形的情形 关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(一一)只能用只能用that不能用不能用which v5 当先行词同时指物和人时, 只能用that.vwe are talking about the people and the things that we have visi

9、ted in the county.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法summary: 只能用只能用that的情况的情况v1. 先行词既有指人又有指物先行词既有指人又有指物v2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时， 有有the only, the very 等修饰时等修饰时v3. 先行词是先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代词时等不定代词时v4. 主句是以主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(二二)只能用只能用which不能用不能用th

10、atv which可以引导可以引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 ，v that不能不能vthe recorder ,which i paid 200 dollars, proves to be very useful.vpeter drove too fast, which was dangerous.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法v which之前可以有介词，而之前可以有介词，而that不不能能vi will never forget the school in which we studied together.v this is the question about which

11、 they are discussing.(二二)只能用which不能用that的情形关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法who: 指人，在定语从句中作主语，指人，在定语从句中作主语，或宾语或宾语 做主语不能省略做主语不能省略关系代词- who many people who died in the earthquake were children. the person who has little hair is mr. zhang.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(二二)只能用只能用who不能用不能用thatv 先行词是先行词是one, ones, those, anyone,hev

12、he who doesnt work hard will not pass the exam.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法 whom: 指人，在定语从句中作宾语指人，在定语从句中作宾语; 作及物动词宾语可省略作及物动词宾语可省略, 但在介词后不可省但在介词后不可省略。略。 关系代词- whomthe girl (whom) you saw just now is my sister. the man whom you just talked to/with is mr.li. =the man to/with whom you just talked is mr.li.类似的短语搭配有

13、类似的短语搭配有: talk about /take care of/ look for/look after/learn from/listen to等等关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(二二)只能用只能用whom不能用不能用whov当关系代词前有介词时当关系代词前有介词时vthe girl to whom i spoke is my cousin.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法(二二)能位于介词后的关系代词能位于介词后的关系代词vwhich vi will never forget the school in which we studied together.vwhom. vt

14、he girl to whom i spoke is my cousin.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：（1）whom, which作作介词宾语介词宾语时，介词一时，介词一般可以放在它们的般可以放在它们的前面前面，也可以放在从句，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是如果是原来的位置上，但是如果是固定词组固定词组，不，不能把介词和动词拆开能把介词和动词拆开 there is a room in which you can study.which you study in.rose is the student whom y

15、ou should look after/take care of.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法关系代词关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数人称和数必须和必须和先行词先行词保持一致保持一致。anyone who _ over 20 can join the army.i ,who _ your friend , will help you.isam 关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法 注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。1.the man who/ i met today told m

16、e to come back.2.the girl whom / i met looks like lily.3.she is the person that / i want to see.the pen which / you lent me is lost.4.the best work _ she wrote and _ i have read will be made into film.a which; that b that; that c that; / d / ; /关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法1. this is our monitor whose english

17、is very good. 2. i borrowed a book from the library whose name is “war and peace”. whose : 既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物, 在定语从句中在定语从句中作定语作定语关系代词- whose关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法vit is a poor dog.vits heart is broken.vit is a poor dog whose heart is broken.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法the man is shouting for help . the man is shout

18、ing for help . his house is on fire .his house is on fire .the man the man whose house is on firewhose house is on fire is shouting for is shouting for help.help.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法the girl is being taken to a hospital .the girl is being taken to a hospital .her leg broke in the earthquake .her leg b

19、roke in the earthquake .the girl the girl whose leg broke in the earthquakewhose leg broke in the earthquake is is taken to a hospital . taken to a hospital . 关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法this is the book whose cover is blue.this is the book of which the cover is blue.this is the book the cover of which is blu

20、e.i know the girl whose name is mary.i know the girl of whom the name is mary.i know the girl the name of whom is mary.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法总结：关系代词的用法总结：关系代词的用法成分成分先行词指人先行词指人先行词指物先行词指物主语 do you know the man _ came to see xiao yang this morning?i couldnt find the book _was bought yesterday.宾语he is a man

21、_ _we should all learn from.the table _you just saw is made of plastics.定语do you know the boy _ parents are on holiday?ive never been to the room _windows are broken.who /that which /that who /that /whom which /that whosewhose/ / 关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法怎样判断用什么关系代词怎样判断用什么关系代词口诀口诀: 前看先行词前看先行词, 辩清人或物辩清人或物 后

22、看从句里后看从句里, 有无主宾语有无主宾语关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法关于定语从句的难点,和出错点.1.定语从句的从句部分出现代替的内容.this is the book that i like it best.2.插入语成分.the beggar who i think is poor is in fact rich.从句部分关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法定语从句中的主谓一致问题.1.she is one of the girls who _ praised at the meeting.2.she is the only one of the girls who _ prai

23、sed at the meeting. ( be ) areis5.在先行词缺少的情况下,要用the one 来补充它的先行词,然后确定它的关系词this is the factory _ i worked last year.this factory is _ i worked last year.this factory is _ i visited last year.where/ in which the one where the one that/ /关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法6.与其他从句和句式的区别与where 和 when 引导的 状语从句的区别.区别的关键就是:是

24、否有先行词.this is the school where i studied many years ago.there were a lot of sheep where i lived.i will never forget the day when i first went to school.we were about to start when it began to rain. in which on which连词; 在那里连词; 就在那个/就这个时候关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法lets do some exercise!关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法1.the

25、girl _is standing who/that/ / / 巩固练习：巩固练习： 用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法1.this is all_i know about the matter. a.that b.what c.who d.whether2.is there anything else_you want? a.which b.that c.who d.what3.the last place _we visited was the great wall. a.which b.that c.where d. itchoose the bes

26、t answers:关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法10. please take the second chair_is over there. a. where b. which c. who d. that 11.is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? a. that b./ c.which d.it 12.finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（nmet98) a. which b. what c. whatever d. that 关系代词之基

27、本用法关系代词之基本用法14. i dont like _ you speak to her. a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法15. the weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we expected. a. what b. which c. that d. it关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法1. this is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday

28、. a. that b. who c. whom d. this 2.i know the student _you borrowed the pen.a. that b. from whom c. from which d. whom3. is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? a. the one b. which c. who d. whom4. is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? a. the one b. that c. which

29、d. /练一练！练一练！关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法1. the man _ i saw told me to wait.2. the man to _ i spoke was a foreigner.3. i know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员杂技演员)4. he saw a house _ windows were all broken.fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.whowhomwhosewhosewhom关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法lets do some exercise!make sentences with the expressions and pictures.关系代词之基本用法关系代词之基本用法the ship/was the most beautiful in the world at that timetitanic is th