高中英语语法形容词和副词Word版

1、形容词和副词 I 形容词及其基本用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。 1直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot，happy ，等。 2叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a-开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。 误She is afraid girl 正The girl is afraid 这类词还有： afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 以及well，unwell，ill, fain

2、t，等。 3形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为词尾的不定代词时，要放在这些词之后。例如：something nice. 4以1y结尾的形容词 (1)大部分形容词加-1y后可构成副词。 注意：friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly等是形容词。 【误】He spoke to me very friendly 正He spoke to me in a very friendly way (2)有些以-1y结尾的词既为形容词，也可为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly

3、，early等。例如： China Daily is a daily newspaper中国日报是一份日报。 China Daily is published daily中国日报每天出版。 5.用形容词表示类别和整体 (1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以指一类人，与复数谓语动词连用，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor， the blindthe hungry等。例如： The poor are losing hope穷人将失去希望。 (2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词后，指这个民族整体，与动词的复数形式连用，如the British，the Englis

4、h，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have a wonderful sense of humor英国人颇有幽默感。 6多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词数词描绘性词 (大小/长短/形状/新旧/颜色)一 出处材料性质类别名词。例如： a small round tablea tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports car 记忆口诀：限数描大形新色国材名。 I

5、I、副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。1副词的位量(1)在动词之前。(2)在be动词、助动词之后。 (3)有多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词之后。(4)如果宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us2 / 10(5)副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如： He speaks English well2副词的排列顺序(1)先时间，后地点；小单位在前，大单位在后。(2)表示方式的副词：短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：

6、 Please write slowly and carefully(3)多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词： 注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。误I very like English正l like English very much 注意：副词enough要放在形容词、副词的后面。例如：I dont know him well enoughYou didnt listen carefully enough.3兼有两种形式的副词(1)close, closely close意思是“近”,closely意思是“密切地”。例如：He is sitting close t

7、o meWatch him closely(2)late，lately late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。例如：You have come too late你来得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 你近来在做什么? (3)deep，deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply常表示感情上的深度，意为“深深地”。例如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud他把棍子深深地插进泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film甚至爸爸也被电影情节深深打动。(

8、4)high，highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。例如：The plane was flying high这架飞机飞得很高。He thinks highly of your opinion他对你的观点评价颇高。(5)wide, widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”。例如：He opened the door wide他把门开得大大的。English is widely used in the world英语在世界范围内被广泛使用。(6)free, freely free意思是“免费”；freely意思是“无限制地”。例如：You

9、 can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like无论什么时候，我这饭馆免费对你开放。 You may speak freely；say what you like你可以畅所欲言，想说什么就说什么。形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。1 单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-er， est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est tall taller tallest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r, -st nice nice

10、r nicest以重读闭音节结尾的单词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big bigger biggest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加-er,-est busy busier busiest少数以-er,-ow 结尾的双音节词加-er, -est clever narrow cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加 more,most来构成比较级和最高级 important easily More important More easily Most important Most easily 2

11、不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 goodbetterbest Wellbadbadlyworseworstill old older， elder oldest, eldest much，many more most little less 1east far farther，further farthest/ furthest3As +形容词或副词原级 +as(1) 在否定句或疑问句中可用soasas.例如：I cant run as /so fast as you (2) 当asas中间有名词时，采用以下结构：as+ 形容词+ a（n）+ 单数名词；as+ manymuch + 名词。例

12、如： This is as good an example as the other is I can carry as much water as you can (3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词作修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one这房间的面积是那间的两倍。 (4)倍数 + as + adj. + as=倍数+the+ n +ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one= This bridge is three times the length of that o

13、ne Your room is twice as large as mine你的房间是我的房间的两倍大。 =Your room is twice the size of mine 4 注意： (1)要避免重复使用比较级。 误He is more cleverer than his brother 正He is much clever than his brother (2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 误China is larger than any country in Asia 正China is larger than any other country in Asia (3)要注意对

14、应原则，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing It is easier to make a plan than t0 carry it out (4)要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。比较 Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?比较 She is taller than her two sisters She is the taller of the two sis

15、ters. 5可修饰比较级的词 (1)a bit, a little，rather，much，far，by far，many，a lot，lots，a great deal，any，still， (2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 (3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 6the+最高级+比较范围 (1)形容词最高级前，通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。例如： Sahara is the biggest desert in the world撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。most前面如果没有the,不表示最高级的含义，只表示非常。例如： It

16、 is a most important problem这是个很重要的问题。 =It is a very important problem 注意：使用最高级时，要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 误Tom is the tallest of his three brothers 正Tom is the tallest of the three brothers (2)下列词可修饰最高级：by far，far，much，mostly，almost。例如： This hat is nearlyalmost the biggest这帽子差不多是最大的了。 (3)最高级的意义有时可以用比较级形式表示出来

17、。例如： Mike is the most diligent in his class迈克是班上最勤奋的。 Mike is more diligent than any other student in his class (4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+soas.”结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如 Nothing is so easy as this没有比这更简单的了。 =Nothing is easier than this = This is the easiest thing 7和more有关的词组 (1)the morethe more 越就越 例如： The harder y

18、ou work，the greater progress youll make越努力，进步就越大。 (2) more B than A = less A than B 与其说A不如说B 例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work= He is less slow than lazy at his work他工作时，与其说是反应慢，不如说是懒。 (3)no morethan与一样不 例如： He's no more careful than me他和我一样，都不小心。 no less than与一样 例如： He is no less dilige

19、nt than you他和你一样勤奋。 (4)more than不只是；非常。例如： She is more than kind to us a11她对我们非常热心。 典型题精练 1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (NMET 2003)A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much2. Our neighbor has _ ours. (2003 Shanghai) A. as a

20、 big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as3. The house rent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying _ here. A. as three times much B. as much three times C. much as three times D. three times as much4. Many students

21、 signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be held next week. A. 800-metre-long B. 800-metres-long C. 800 meter length D. 800 metres length5. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,_A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you

22、areC. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life6. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold so she stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing7.All the people _ at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important8

23、.Boris has brains; In fact, I doubt anyone in the class has _ IQ. A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest9.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. _,neither of them could swim. A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally10.-I'm very _with my own cooking. It looks nice an

24、d smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _ smell. A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased C. pleasant , pleasant D. pleased , pleasant11. _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting12. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. (NMET 2001)A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much D. as much an art as13.Amercans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. A. more than twice B. as twi