八年级英语下册Unit6Topic3全程学案北师大版

1、初中必学的语法：基本从句从句的共同特点从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。从句的共同特点：1.从句都有自己的连接词 2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：he is a teacher主语 he 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而is he a teacher? 主语 he 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。)1.宾语从句宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：he said that he wanted to be a teac

2、her when he grew up.宾语从句的特点：宾语从句有自己的连接词 宾语从句用陈述语序 宾语从句的时态宾语从句的连接词：宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。宾语从句的语序;a.宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：i want to know if he can come tomorrowb.当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：she asked me who had helped him.宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”a.主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时

3、，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.he tells me he likes english very much(一般现在时)b.主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。如：he told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)c.客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。如：1.he says the moon goes around the earth.2.状语从句2.1 时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语

4、的句子。时间状语的连接词：when(当时候) while(当时候) as(当时候) after(在以后) before(在以前) as soon as(一就) since(自从到现在) till /until(直到才) by the time(到为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。举例：when当的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)mozart started writing music when he was four years old.2.2 原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因语的句子。连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now t

5、hat 等词引导。举例：i didnt go to school yesterday because i was ill.2.3 条件状语从句连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非。(让步)举例：if it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.2.4 目的、结果状语从句目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子目的状语从句连接词so that, sothat , in order that 引导。结果状语从句连接词 sothat, suchthat, so much/manyth

6、at引导。举例：sothat 如此以至于the scientists report was so instructive that we were all very excited.2.5 让步状语从句让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子连接词： though, although.，whetheror not举例：although he is rich, yet he is not happy.3.no matter从句结构："no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"如：no matter wha

7、t happened, he would not mind.注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。4.定语从句定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分如：i will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后如：i have met the doctor who is in the no.1 hospital.定语从句的连接词：连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that连接副词：when、where、why5.名词性从

8、句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether ,if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, why如：that she was chosen made us very happy. 初中状语从句练习题i. 填入适当的

9、引导词1. i haven't heard from him _ he went to america. 2. he won't be here _ he is invited.3. he will not go to the cinema _ he is very busy.4. we found the key _ she had left it.5. we found the books two days _ he had gone away.6. we had no sooner got to the station _ the train left.7. he spe

10、aks english _ he were an englishman.8. he is explaining clearly _ they could understand.9. do not leave the room _ you have finished the test.10. she sang _ she went along.ii. 改错1. the children were running on the playground as fast as they can.2. since her husband had died，so she had to support her

11、 family.3. he won't go out until his mother will come.4. he was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam.5. tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.6. it was three months since he came to our school.7. the playground of our school is larger than their school.8. the streets

12、in nanjing are wider than shanghai.9. whatever there is plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.10. she sings songs as if she is a bird.iii. 找出从句并指出是那类从句1. it depends on whether we have enough time.2. the question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.3. the mountain is no

13、 longer what it used to be.4. the fact that she works hard is well known to us all.5. he was not the man that he was before.6. now you was free，why not go swimming with us？7. where there are schools and colleges，there are examinations.8. bad habits，once firmed，are difficult to give up.9. she often w

14、ears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.10. the moment he opened the window，a bird flew in.iv. 填入适当的引导词完成句子1. _ will do the experiment comes to the professor's office.2. _ will do the experiment hasn't been decided.3. the teacher didn't leave _ twelve o'clock.4. _ the day

15、 went on，the weather got worse.5. _ she is young，she knows quite a lot.6. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.7. you will be late _ you leave immediately.8. go and get your coat. it's _ you left it.9. _ is mentioned above，the number of the students in senior high schools is increasi

16、ng.10. _ had i entered the room _ the phone rang.v. 改错1. is this the watch for which he is looking now？2. this is all which i can do for you.3. do you know the old man at the back of the room，whom has been chosen head of the factory.4. i want to know the way which you learn new words.5. can you tell

17、 me that there's a bookstore near here？6. our school quite different from that it was before.7. if she likes the present is not clear to me.8. for she is ill，she hasn't come to school.9. it gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale.10. he is cleverer than any boy in his class. 参考答案：i

18、、1. since2. unless3. because4. where5. after6. than7. as if8. so that 9. before10. asii、1. can 改为could 2. 去掉so 3. will come改为 comes 4. very改为 so 5. as soon as 改为when 6. was 改为is 7. than 之后加上that of 8. than 后加 those in 9. whatever改为 wherever 10. is改为 wereiii、1. whether we have enough time 介词宾语从句2. he

19、 asked 定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句3. what it used to be 表语从句4. that she works hard 同位语从句5. that he was before 定语从句6. now you was free 让步状语从句 now= now that7. where there are schools and colleges 地点状语从句8. once firmed 时间状语从句9. as her twin sister does 定语从句10. the moment he o

20、pened the window 时间状语从句iv、1. whoever 2. who 3. until 4. as 5. although 6. that 7. unless 8. where 9. as 10. hardly，when （ no sooner，than ）v、1. for 放在looking 之后 2. which 改为 that 3. whom 改为who 4. which改为 how 5. that改为 whether 6. that 改为what 7. if改为 whether 8. for改为because 9. so改为 such 10.any 后加other初中

21、英语定语从句练习题（一）选择填空1. dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. a. which b. what c. as d. those 2. is this the factory _ you visited the other day? a. that b. where c. in which d. the one 3. is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last friday? a. that b. where c. which d. the one 4. is

22、this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? a. that b. where c. which d. the one 5. the wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found. a. that b. where c. in which d. in that 6. the freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. a. at which b. on that c. in which d. of what 7.

23、this book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. a. how you have observed b. what you have observed c. that you have observed d. how that you have observed 8. the reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. a. because b. why c. that d. whether 9. ill tell you _ he told me last week. a.

24、all which b. that c. all that d. which 10. that tree, _ branches are almost bare, is very old. a. whose b. of which c. in which d. on which 11. i have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. a. as b. that c. which d. what 12. he failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. a. which b. it

25、 c. that d. what 13. were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. a. which b. whom c. who d. that 14. the girl _ an english song in the next room is toms sister. a. who is singing b. is singing c. sang d. was singing 15. those _ not only from books but a

26、lso through practice will succeed. a. learn b. who c. that learns d. who learn 16. anyone _ this opinion may speak out. a. that against b. that against c. who is against d. who are against 17. didnt you see the man _? a. i nodded just now b. whom i nodded just now c. i nodded to him just now d. i no

27、dded to just now 18. can you lend me the novel _ the other day? a. that you talked b. you talked about it c. which you talked with d. you talked about 19. is there anything _ to you? a. that is belonged b. that belongs c. that belong d. which belongs 20. - “how do you like the book?” - “its quite di

28、fferent from _ i read last month.” a. that b. which c. the one d. the one what 21. mr. zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had lready taken them. a. the ones b. ones c. some d. the others 22. the train _ she was travelling was late. a. which b. where c. on which d. in that 23. he

29、has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. a. where b. in which c. under which d. which 24. antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. a. which b. where c. that d. about which 25. its the third time _ late this month. a. that you arrived b. when you arri

30、ved c. that youve arrived d. when youve arrived 26. it was in 1969 _the american astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. a. that b. which c. when d. in which27. may the fourth is the day _ we chinese people will never forget. a. which b. when c. on which d. about which 28. we are going to spend

31、the spring festival in guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives.a. which b. that c. who d. where 29. the hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. a. we stayed at b. where we stayed at c. we stayed d. in that we stayed 30. is it in that factory _ “red flag” cars are produced? a.

32、 in which b. where c. which d. that 31. it is the suez canal _ separates asia _ africa. a. which, to b. where, from c. that, from d. that, with 32. under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. a. there b. where c. it d. which 33. he is not _ a fool _. a. s

33、uch, as he is looked b. such, as he looks c. as, as he is looked d. so, as he looks 34. is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? a. which b. what c. why d. for that 35. he must be from africa, _ can be seen from his skin. a. that b. as c. who d. what 36. he has two sons, _ work as che

34、mists. a. two of whom b. both of whom c. both of which d. all of whom 37. i, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. a. who is b. who am c. that is d. what is 38. he is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. a. who b. that c. from which d. from whom 39. - do you know the tow

35、n at all? - no, this is the first time i _ here. a. was b. have been c. came d. am coming 40. i dont like _ you speak to her. a. the way b. the way in that c. the way which d. the way of which 41. the two things _ they felt very proud are jims gold watch and dellas hair. a. about which b. of which c

36、. in which d. for which 42. the dinner was the most expensive meal we _. a. would have b. have had c. had never had d. had ever had 43. do you know which hotel _? a. she is staying b. she is staying in c. is she staying d. is she staying in 44. there is only one thing _ i can do. a. what b. that c .

37、 all d. which 45. who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? a. which b. that c. where d. in that 46. i have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. a. them b. that c. which d. those 47. they were interested _ you told them. a. in which b. in that c. all that d. in everything 48. the ast

38、ronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ much help for knowing space. a. which we think it is b. which we think are of c. of which we think is d. i think which is of 49. the great day we looked forward to _ at last. a. come b. came c. coming d. comes50. i like the second football match _ was

39、held last week. a. which b. who c. that d. / 参考答案15 aadba 610 abcca 1115 aadad 1620 cddbc 2125 acbdc 2630 aadad 3135 cabcb 3640 bbdba 4145 bdbbc 4650 cdbbc（二）用适当的关系词填空：1. i still remember the night _i first came to the house.2. i'll never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. mr black i

40、s going to beijing in october, _is the best season there.4. i will never forget the days _i spent with your family.5. i'll never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. this is the school _i used to study.7. do you still remember the place_ we visited last week?8. do you still remember the pla

41、ce_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. have you ever been to hangzhou,_is famous for the west lake?10. have you ever bee to hangzhou, _lies the west lake?11. tom will go to shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. i live in beijing,_is the capital of china.13. there was a time _there were slaves in th

42、e usa.14. it is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. it was in the street _i met john yesterday.16. it was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. the moment _i saw you, i recognized(认出)you.18. this is the very novel about_we've talked so much.

43、19. this is the way_he did it.20. who is the student _was late for school today?21. who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. what else was there in my brother_you didn't like?23. he lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. he lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. t

44、his is mr. john for_son i brought a book yesterday.26. this is mr. john for_i bought a book yesterday.27. this is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. and there is one point _i'd like your advice.29. winter is the time of year_the days are short and nights are long.30. i h

45、ope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.keys: 1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that21.that 22 that 2

46、3.whose 24. of which 25. whose26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where（三）共100分，每小题2分（充分考虑先行词在从句中的句法作用） 1. a football fan(球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football. a. a thing that b. something that c. a person who d. what 2. the house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. a

47、. the roof of which b. which roof c. its roof d. the roof 3. can you lend me the novel _ the other day? a. that you talked b. you talked about it c. which you talked with d. you talked about 4. the matter _ you were arguing about last night has been settled. a. that b. what c. why d. for which 5. th

48、ey talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. a. which b. that c. who d. whom 6. who _ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing? a. which b. who c. whom d. that 7. all the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. a. that b. those c. which d. what 8. they asked

49、 him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. a. what b. that c. which d. where 9. ill tell you _ he told me last night. a. all which b. all what c. that all d. all 10. a child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. a. who b. whos c. whose d. which 11. is this the museum _ you visited the oth

50、er day? a. that b. where c. in which d. the one 12. is this museum _ some german friends visited last wednesday? a. that b. where c. in which d. the one 13. -how do you like the book? -its quite different from _ i read last month. a. that b. which c. the one d. the one what 14. which sentence is wro

51、ng? a. the finger i dipped into the cup was not the one i put it into my mouth. b. do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? c. science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land. d. people in ancient times took it for granted that th

52、e sun moved round the earth. 15. the train _ she was traveling was late. a. which b. where c. on which d. in that 16. he has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. a. where b. on which c. under which d. which 17. antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round

53、. a. which b. where c. that d. about which 18. its the third time _ late this month. a. that you arrived b. when you arrived c. that youve arrived d.when youve arrived 19. he often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. a. whom b. who c. when d. because 20. the second world w

54、ar _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. a. when b. during that c. in which d. which 21. he was born in the year _ the anti-japanese war broke out. a. which b. when c. on which d. during which 22. mr. crossett will never forget the day _ he spent with his various students. a. when b. which c. during which d. on which 23. this is just the place _ i am longing to visit these years. a. that b. where c. in which d. to where 24. we are going to spend the spr