高考英语虚拟语气 最新讲义及教案

1、教 案题目（教学章节或主题）：虚拟语气精讲授课日期：授课时间：教学重点、难点：重要性：典型例题： 1. The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital. A. wasn't, wasn't sent B. wasn't, shouldn't be sent C. shouldn't be, wasn't sent D. shouldn't be, shouldn't be sent2. The man in prison insisted that he _ not

2、hing wrong and _ set free. A. should do, should be B. had done, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been3. I advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then. A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel4.

3、 . _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give D. If he gave up【分析】由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease

4、 advertising, prices would come down. = If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion. = If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。总结：本次教学评价：非常满意 较满意 一般 家长或学生签字 共 小时本节课回访记录：任课老师签字： 主任签字：

5、日期：讲 义学生： 任课教师：教学内容：二、虚拟语气1虚拟语气与陈述语气的区别：(1)意义不同。陈述语气表示动词或状态是现实的，确实的或符合事实的，而虚拟语气表示动作状态不是事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设、建议或推测等。(2)形式不同。虚拟语气的谓语动词形式和陈述语气的谓语动词形式不同，如虚拟条件句的谓语和真实条件句的谓语就截然不同。如：If it rains tomorrow，our picnic will be put off.如果明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。(陈述语气，说话人认为下雨的可能性很大。)If it rained tomorrow，our picnic would be pu

6、t off.万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。(虚拟语气，说话人认为下雨的可能性较小。)2虚拟语气在句子中的应用。(1)虚拟语气在非真实性条件句中的应用。情况主句虚拟条件句例句与现在事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式(be动词用were)主语should(would, could，might)动词原形If I had time，I would attend the meeting.如果我有时间我就去参加会议。If I were you，I should seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你，我就会抓住这次出国的机会。与过去事实相反的假设If主语had过去分词主语

7、should(would, could, might)have过去分词If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你听了我的话，你就不会考试及不了格。与将来事实相反的假设If主语动词的过去式If主语were to动词原形If主语should动词原形主语should, would，could，might动词原形If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.如果你明天来，我们就开会。If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports

8、meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不来，我们就把会议推迟到下周一。注意：(1)如果条件从句中包含有were，had，should，有时可把if省略掉，把were，had，should放在主语前，构成倒装，意思不变。如：Were I twenty now，I would join the army.If I were twenty now，I would join the army.如果我

9、今年二十岁，我就参军。Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded.If we had made a great effort. we might have succeeded.如果我们做了很大的努力的话，我们可能就获得成功了。Should Mr. White call，what would you say?If Mr. White should call，what would you say?如果怀特先生来电话你怎么说？(2)有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的，我们称之为“错综时间条件句”。这时，动词的形式要

10、根据其所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如：If the doctor hadn't tried their best to save you, you wouldn't be standing here now.如果不是医生全力以赴把你救活的话，你现在就不会站到这里。(3)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或是通过上下文等其他手段来表现出来。We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadn't got your help)没有你们的帮

11、助，我们不可能提前完成任务。What would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)如果你有一百万美元，你打算怎么花？But for the rain(If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.要不是下雨，我们就把工作干完了。I thought you would remain there for a while after the conference. Otherwise I wouldn't have

12、 bought you a single ticket. 我原以为会后你会在那呆一段时间，否则我就不会只给你买单程票了。He would have given you more help，but he was so busy at that time.他要不是太忙就会给你更多帮助。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.他打来电话通知我你的生日，否则我对此一无所知。Everything taken into consideration, they would have

13、 raised their output quickly.如果当初考虑全面，产量会迅速上升。3虚拟语气在其他从句中及一些固定句式中的用法。(1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中，动词用过去时态(与现在事实相反)、过去完成时态(与过去事实相反)、过去将来时态，用would动词原形(与将来事实相反)。如：I wish we could go to the seaside today. 我们今天能去海滨就好了。I wish he would try again. 我希望他还能再试一次。We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 我们对

14、发音注意得更多一些就好了。注意：would(should)like(love)后接不定式的完成式所表达的意思与wish后宾语从句用过去完成时态这种形式相同，意思是“希望过去做了某事”。如：I'd like to have seen his face when he opened the letter.(I wish I had seen his face.)我真希望能看一看他打开信时的表情。这种结构还用would have liked后接不定式的一般式来表示。如：I'd have liked to see his face when he opened the letter.I

15、'd liked to have seen his face when he opened the letter.我真想看一眼他打开信时的表情。(2)在if only(如果就好了；但愿)引起的惊叹句中，谓语动词的形式与wish后宾语从句的动词形式一样。如：If only I could see him once again! 我要能再见到他就好了！If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是听了你的劝告就好了！(3)在suggest(建议)，propose(提议)，demand(要求)，request(请求)，desire(要求)，require

16、(请求)，order(命令)，command(命令)，insist(坚持)等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用should动词原形(should可以省略)。如：The officer ordered that army(should)advance 100 miles. 军官命令部队前进100英里。The chief commanded that the prisoners (should)not be shot. 首领下令不准枪杀俘虏。注意：当suggest意思为“暗示、表明”，insist意思为“坚持认为、说”，且后面的从句中的动作已经发生时，他们后面的从句都不用虚拟语气。如：Her expr

17、ession suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明她生气了。The girl insisted that she gave me the money the other day.那女孩坚持说她几天前把钱给我了。(4)在It is suggested；It is requested；It is ordered；It is necessary/natural/important；It has been decided；It is desired等结构的主语从句中，用should动词原形(should可以省略)。It is requested that Miss

18、Cai(should)give a performance at the party.有人请蔡小姐在会上表演个节目。It is necessary that he be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。It has been decided that the meeting be put off till next Saturday. 已经决定会议延期到下星期六开。(5)在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea等词后的表语从句后同位语从句中，用should动词原形(should可以省略)。如：My suggestion is th

19、at we(should)send a few people to help the other groups.我建议派几个人去帮助其他的组。What do you think of the idea that we put on a play at the English evening?你认为我们在英语晚会上演话剧如何？(6)在as if(though)引起的从句中，用过去时态，be用were(口语中有时也用was)，表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时态，表示与过去事实相反。I've loved you as if you were my son. 我一直爱你就仿佛你是我的儿子。Th

20、e two newcomers talked as if they had known each other for ages.那两个新来的人聊天的样子仿佛他们已经相识多年了。注意：as if(though)从句如果是客观事实，则不用虚拟语气，可用正常时态。如：It looks as if it isn't clean enough to swim here. 看起来这儿的水好像不够干净，不宜游泳。Look at the clouds！It looks as if it is going to rain. 看那些云呀！好像要下雨了。(7)在It is time(that)后的定语从句中

21、，用过去时态(间或可用should动词原形)构成虚拟语气，表示“到时间了”，time前可用high，about，以示强调。如：It's time that we stopped(should stop)this practice. 现在是结束这种做法的时候了。It's high time you took action. 你该采取行动了。注意：不能用were代替was.如： It's time that I/he/she was going.(8)在would(had)rather(宁愿)后的从句中用过去时态指现在或将来时间，用过去完成时态表示过去时间。如：I'

22、d rather you went home now. 我宁愿你现在就回家。I'd rather you hadn't done that. 我宁愿你没做那件事。注意：would rather(not)have done sth.也表示“宁愿某人过去做了或没做某事”。如：Did you quarrel with your boss? 你和老板吵架了吗？Yes，but I would rather not have done that. 是的，但我宁愿自己没和他吵过。(9)在would you mindif从句中用过去时态。如：Would you mind if I opened

23、 the window? 如果我打开窗户，你不反对吗？比较：Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你不介意吧？(10)在expect，believe，think，suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，在It is a pity.，It is a shame.，It is incredible.，It is strange.，It is no wonder.等结构后的主语从句中，在I am sorry，We were surprised，They were disappointed等结构后的状语从句中用should动词原形(或完成形式)，表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等

24、作用，意思为“竟然”，一般不可省略should。I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.我从来没想到问题竟然会这样复杂。They just couldn't believe that the new stadium should be so big.他们简直不相信新体育场竟会这样大。It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。(11)表示事与愿违的虚拟语气的用法。should have doneought to have do

25、ne本应该You should have worn more clothes that day. 你本该多穿些衣服。should not have doneought not to have done本不应该We shouldn't have left him home alone. 我们本不该把他一个人留在家里。be supposed to do本应该You are supposed to die like that. 像这样死去的本该是你。be supposed to have done本应该You are supposed to have received the letter.

26、 你本该早就收到那封信了。might(not)have done可能(不可能)做过He may have finished his work already. 他可能已经完成他的工作了。needn't have done本没有必要You needn't have typed the letter yourself. 你本不必自己把信打出来。could have done本能够I could have arrived there on time. 我本来能够按时到达。would like to have donewould have liked to do本打算做I would

27、like to have seen the film but an unexpected friend came last night.昨天晚上我本打算去看电影，但是一个朋友来了。meant /planned /hoped/ wanted/ thought /intended/ supposed/ expected.to have donehad meant /had planned/ had hoped/ had wanted/ had thought/ had intended/ had supposed/ had expected.to do本打算，本以为I hoped to have

28、passed the exam, but I failed. I had hoped to pass the exam, but I failed.我本以为能通过考试，但失败了。高考英语考点典型陷阱题分析-虚拟语气与情态动词来源：网络 2009-09-07 11:32:01典型高考英语陷阱题详解-虚拟语气1. I forget where I read the article, or I _ it to you now.A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答

29、案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didnt forget where I read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了）。2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _.”A. Hed better give up drinking                   

30、     B. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important than drink              D. I wonder why he is always doing so【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句

31、子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _ you if you had so high a fever.”A. do B. are C. will D. would【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样”时。如：He likes to watch TV, and so d

32、o I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选D。4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But Id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的 He will com

33、e tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：Id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。Id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。请再做以下试题(答案均为B)

34、：(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “Id rather you _.”A. wont B. didnt C. dont D. wouldnt(2) “Ive told him about it.” “But Id rather you _.”A. didnt B. hadnt C. dont D. wouldnt(3) “He will take you as well.” “But Id rather he _.”A. wont B. didnt C. doesnt D. wouldnt5. All the doctors in the hospital insi

35、sted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.A. should be; be operated on                                B. were; must be operated onC. was

36、; should be operated D. was; be operated on【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：(1) The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt

37、, wasnt sent   B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent  D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent(2) The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. should do, should be  B. had done, should beC. had done, had been  D. should do, had been(3) I advise

38、d that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feelingC. he sent; feel  D. should be sent; should feel6. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.A. Was he given up B. Had he given upC. Did he give   D. If he

39、 gave up【陷阱】容易误选 D。【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, pric

40、es would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。典型高考英语陷阱题详解-情态动词1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”A. shall B. will C.

41、 would D. can【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)You shall hear ever

42、ything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)请做以下试题(答案均选 shall)：(1) “I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”A. should B. must C. would D. shall2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannot B. shouldnt C

43、. mustnt D. neednt【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选A。cannottoo是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太，无论怎样也不算过分，越越”。如：You cant be too careful. 你越仔细越好。You cant praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。注：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”A. must B. can C. need D. may【陷阱】可能误选B或C。【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(