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1、毕业设计译文题目名称:零售企业的营销策略院系名称:经济管理学院市场营销班 级:学 号:学生姓名: 指导教师:零售企业的营销策略 philip kotlor今天的零售商为了招徕和挽留顾客,急欲寻找新的营销策略。过去,他们挽留顾客的方法是销售特别的或独特的花色品种,提供比竞争对手更多更好的服务 提供商店信用卡是顾客能赊购商品。可是,现在这一切都已变得面目全非了。现在,诸如卡尔文·克连,依佐和李维等全国性品牌,不仅在大多数百货公司及其专营店可以看到,并且也可以在大型综合商场和折扣商店可以买到。全国性品牌的生产商为全力扩大销售量,它们将贴有品牌的商品到处销售。结果是零售商店的面貌越来越相似。

2、在服务项目上的分工差异在逐渐缩小。许多百货公司削减了服务项目,而许多折扣商店却增加了服务项目。顾客变成了精明的采购员,对价格更加敏感。他们看不出有什么道理要为相同的品牌付出更多的钱,特别是当服务的差别不大或微不足道时。由于银行信用卡越来越被所有的商家接受,他们觉得不必从每个商店赊购商品。百货商店面对着日益增加的价格的折扣店和专业商店的竞争,准备东山再起。历史上居于市中心的许多商店在郊区购物中心开设分店,那里有宽敞的停车场,购买者来自人口增长较快并且有较高收入的地区。其他一些则对其商店形式进行改变,有些则试用邮购盒电话订货的方法。超级市场面对的是超级商店的竞争,它们开始扩大店面,经营大量的品种繁

3、多的商品和提高设备等级,超级市场还增加了它们的促销预算,大量转向私人品牌,从而增加盈利。现在,我们讨论零售商在目标市场、产品品种和采办、服务以及商店气氛、定价、促销和销售地点等方面的营销策略。一、目标市场零售商最重要的决策时确定目标市场。当确定目标市场并且勾勒出轮廓时,零售商才能对产品分配、商店装饰、广告词和广告媒体、价格水平等作出一致的决定。如沃尔玛的目标市场相当明确:1962年山姆·沃顿及其兄弟在阿肯色州开办了第一家沃尔玛折扣店。这是一家庞大的的仓库是商店,旨在以最低的价格向小城镇的美国人销售各种商品,从服饰到零件以及小型用具等。今天的沃尔玛在美国有2363家折扣店,包括454个

4、超级中心、444家山姆俱乐部和4家折扣中心。它每年的销售额达1170亿美元,成为世界头号零售商。它扩展沃尔玛附近的超级市场药店业务。沃尔玛的秘诀是:以小城镇的美国人为目标,倾听顾客意见,待员工如伙伴,严格控制各项费用。写着“满意的保证”、“我们售价更低”的标语悬挂在每个商店大门的醒目处,用“向消费者致敬的”方式迎接顾客。沃尔玛常常成为零售业的先锋。它使用“天天低价”定价法和电子数据交换,加快了仓库补货速度,现被其他零售商作为定点超越的目标,它作为美国大商品企业第一个进入全球零售行业。它已经在海外开设了600多家商店阿根廷、巴西、中国、韩国和墨西哥,并且还在增加。二、产品品种和采购零售商所经营的

5、产品品种必须与目标市场可能购买的商品相一致。零售商必须决定产品品种组合的宽度和深度。例如,在餐饮业,一家餐馆可以提供窄而浅的品种(小型午餐),窄而深的品种(各种熟食),宽而浅的品种(自助餐),或者宽而深的品种(大饭店)。一旦零售商对产品品种战略决策以后,它必须决定它的采办资源、政策和具体做法。在一家超级市场连锁店的公司总部,专业采购人员(有时叫做商品经理)具有开发品种搭配和听取销售人员介绍新品牌的责任。在一些连锁商店,他们的权利仅限于甄别一些显然要拒绝或接受的新品目上,否则他们就只能将新产品品目交给连锁店所属的采购委员会审批。三、服务与购物环境零售商还必须向顾客所提供商务服务组合:售前服务包括

6、:接受电话和邮购订货,广告,橱窗和店内陈列,试衣间,营业时间,时装表演,旧货折价收进。售后服务包括:送货上门,礼品包扎,商品调整,退货,换货,定制,安装。 辅助服务包括:提供一般信息,兑换支票,免费停车,餐厅,修理,内部装饰,赊账信用交易,休息室,照看婴儿服务。气氛是产品库里的另一个要素。每个商品都有一个实体的布局,从而使人们在店内容易或不容易走动。每个商店都有一个门面。商店必须精心构思,使其具有一种适合目标市场的气氛,使顾客乐于购买。如殡仪馆应该是静谧、阴郁、平和的,而夜总会则应该是辉煌、喧哗和激动人心的。四、价格策略价格是一个关键的定位因素,它必须根据目标市场、产品服务分配组合和竞争的有关

7、情况来加以确定。所有的零售商都希望以高价销售并能扩大销售量,但是往往难以两全其美。零售商大部分可分为高成本和低销售(如高级品商店)或低成本和高销量(如大型综合商场和折扣商店)两大类。在这两类中还可以进一步细分。例如,设在好莱坞贝弗利山的罗迪欧大道上的bijan 公司所售的服装的定价从1000美元开始,鞋子的最低价是400美元。另一个极端的例子是纽约的超级折扣商店,价格比一般的折扣商店还要低得多。零售商还必须重视定价战术。大部分零售商对某些产品标价比较低,以此作为招徕商品,有时候还要举行全部商品大减价的活动。它们对周转较慢的商品采取低标价的方法。越来越多的零售商在放弃“促销定价”而偏向“天天低价

8、”。天天低价降低了广告费用,定价趋于稳定,使商品公平和可信赖的形象加强,因而获得更多的零售利润。通用汽车公司的土星事业部,发出低价目表并拒绝与经销商讨价还价。五、促销策略零售商广泛使用促销工作来产生交易和购买。它们发布广告,进行特价销售,发放省钱的赠券,最近增加了对经常购买者的优惠活动,对店内食品样品品尝,以及爱货架上或结账处摆放赠券等。每个零售商利用促销工具以支持并加强其形象定位。高级商店会在时尚和哈珀等流行时装杂志上刊登广告。高级商店对培训销售人员总是非常认真,教他们如何接待顾客,理解其要求并解除其疑虑,处理其意见。低价零售商安排它们的商品促销可以讨价还价和节约省钱,同时又保留了服务和销售

9、帮助。六、选址决策零售商总是强调说零售成功的三个关键因素是渠道,渠道,还是渠道。顾客总是选择一家理他们最近的银行和加油站。百货商店连锁组织、石油公司和快餐特许经营店在选择位置时特别谨慎。这个问题可以分解为在一国的哪些地区开店,然后是哪些城市,最后是哪些具体的场所。零售商可在中心商业区、地区购物中心、社区购物中心、购物区或在大商店内选择开设商店的地点。1. 中心商业区。中心商业区往往是城市中最古老、交通最拥挤的地区,常常成为“商业区”。商店和办公室租金一般较高。2. 地区购货中心。在5英里 20英里的半径内设40家200家商店。通常,一个购货中心突出一个或两个诸如j.c.彭尼或l&t的全

10、国性大商店,大量的是小商店,许多是特许经营店。这些商场有吸引力是因为有宽敞的停车场,购物一次完成,有餐馆和娱乐设施。成功的商场租费高昂,但能获得商场利润的分配份额。3. 社区购物中心。是较小的商场,通常一家大商店夹在20家40家小商店之中。4. 购物区。为附近居民日常杂货、五金、洗衣、修鞋和干洗服务的一群商店,其间有一大建筑物,其服务对象开车5分钟10分钟就能到达。5. 店中店。现在日益增加的现象时在大商店内设立一些著名的零售商(麦当劳、星巴克、内森、邓金·唐纳斯),它们在大店内租借地方设立新的较小的单位或经营,这些场所,这些场所也包括飞机场、学校、沃尔玛或百货公司。由于客流量大和租

11、金高这两者之间存在矛盾,零售商必须为自己的商店选择有利的地点。他们可使用各种不同的方法对设店地点进行评估,如统计交通流量,调查顾客的购物习惯,分析有竞争能力的地点等。零售商可以通过检查是个指标来评估某个商店的销售效益:(1)平均每天经过的人数;(2)来店光顾的人数比例;(3)光顾的人中购物顾客的比例;(4)每次购买的平均金额。文章摘自philipkotler: marketing management.prentice-hall international(524-530)marketng decisions of retailer retailers today are anxious to

12、 find new marketing strategies to attract and hold customers. in the past they held customers by offering convenient location, special or unique assortments of goods, greater or better services than competitors, and store credit cards. all of this has changed. today, national brands such as calvin k

13、lein, izod, and levi are found in most department store, in their drive for volume , national-brand manufacturers have place their branded goods everywhere. the result is that retail-store assortments have grown alike.service differentiation also has eroded. many department stores have trimmed servi

14、ces, and many discounters have increased services. customers have become smarter shoppers. they do not want to pay more for identical brands, especially when service differences have diminished. nor do they need credit form a particular store, because bank credit cards have become almost universal.i

15、n the face of increased competition for discount houses and specialty stores, department stores are waging a comeback war. once located in the center of cities, many opened branches in suburban shopping centers, where parking is plentiful and family incomes are higher. others run more frequent sales

16、, remodel their stores, and experiment with mail-order and telemarketing. facing competition form superstores, supermarkets have opened larger stores, carrying a larger number and variety of items, and upgraded their facilities. supermarkets have also increased their promotional budgets and move hea

17、vily into private brands to increase profit margins.we will examine retailers marketing decisions in the areas of target market, product assortment and procurement, services and store atmosphere, price, promotion, and price.target marketa retailers most important decision concerns the target market.

18、 until the target market is defined and profiled, the retailer cannot make decisions on product assortment, store décor, advertising messages and media, price, and service levels.some retailers have defined their target markets quite well:wal-mart. the late sam walton and his brother opened the

19、 first wal-mart discount store in rogers, arkansas, in 1962. it was a big, flat, warehouse-type store selling everything from apparel to automotive supplies to small appliances at the lowest possible prices to small-town america. more recently, wal-mart has been building stores in larger cities. tod

20、ay, wal-mart operates 2363 discount stores in the united states, including 454 supercenters, 444 sams clubs, and 41 distribution centers. its annual sales exceed $117 billion, marketing it the worlds largest retailer. it is expending into the wal-mart neighborhood market supermarket-pharmacy busines

21、s. wal-marts secret: target small town america, listen to the customers treat the employees as partners, purchase carefully, and keep a tight rein on expenses. signs reading “satisfaction guaranteed” and “we sell for less” hang prominently at the store entrance, and customers are often welcomed by a

22、 “people greeter”. wal-mart is frequently cited as a retailing pioneer. its use of everyday low pricing and edi for speedy stock replenishment has been benchmarked by other retailers, and it was the first u.s. megamerchant to take the plunge into global retailing. it already has over 600 stores over

23、 seasin argentina, brazil, china, south korea, and mexicoand is adding more.product assortment and procurement the retailers product assortment must match the target markets shopping expectations. the retailer has to decide on product-assortment breadth & depth. thus a restaurant can offer a nar

24、row and shallow assortment (small lunch counters), a narrow and deep assortment (delicatessen), a broad and shallow assortment (cafeteria), or a broad and deep assortment (large restaurant). after deciding on the product-assortment strategy, the retailer must decide on procurement sources, policies,

25、 & practices. in the corporate headquarters of a supermarket chain, specialist buyers are responsible for developing brand assortments and listening to presentations by salespersons. in some chains, buyers have the authority to accept or reject new items. in other chains, they are limited to scr

26、eening “obvious rejects” and “obvious accepts”; they bring other items to the buying committee for approval.services and store atmosphere retailers must also decide on the services mix to offer customers: pre-purchase services include accepting telephone and mail orders, advertising, window and inte

27、rior display, fitting rooms, shopping hours, fashion shows, trade ins. post-purchase services include shipping and delivery, gift-wrapping, adjustments and returns, alterations and tailoring, installations, engraving. ancillary services include general information, check cashing, parking, restaurant

28、s, repairs, interior decorating, credit, rest rooms, and baby-attendant service. the services mix is a key tool for differentiating one store from another, so is atmosphere. atmosphere is another element in the store arsenal. every store has a physical lay out that makes it hard or easy to move arou

29、nd. every store has a look. the store must embody a planned atmosphere that suits the target market and draws consumers towards purchase. a funeral parlor should be quiet, somber, and peaceful. a dance club should be bright, loud, and vibrating.price decision prices are a key positioning factor and

30、must be decided in relation to the target market, the product-and-service assortment mix, and competition. all retailers would like to achieve high volumes and high gross margins. they would like high turns x earns, but the two usually do not go together. most retailers fall into the high-mark up, l

31、ower volume group (fine specialty stores) or the low-mark up, higher volume group (mass-merchandisers and discount stores). within each of these groups are further gradations. thus bijans on rodeo drive in beverly hills prices suits starting at $1000 and shoes at $400. at the other extreme, odd lot

32、trading in new york city is a super-discounter that sells odd lots and closeouts at prices below those of normal discounters.retailers must also pay attention to pricing tactics. most retailers will put low prices on some items to serve as traffic builders or loss dealers. they will run storewide sa

33、les. they will plan markdowns on slower-moving merchandise. some retailers have abandoned “sales pricing” in favor of everyday low pricing (edlp). edlp could lead to lower advertising costs, greater pricing stability, a stronger store image of fairness and liability, and higher retail profits. gener

34、al motors saturn division states a low list price for its dealers dont bargain. promotion decision retailers use a wide range of promotion tools to generate traffic and purchases. they place ads, run special sales, issue money saving coupons, and run frequent shopper-reward programs, in-store food s

35、ampling, and coupons on shelves or at checkout points. each retailer must use promotion tools that support and reinforce its image positioning. fine stores will place tasteful full-page ads in magazines such as vogue and harpers. they will carefully train salespeople to greet customers, interpret th

36、eir need, and handle complains. off-price retailers will arrange their merchandise to promote the idea of bargains and large savings, while conserving on service and sales assistance. place decision retailers are accustomed to saying that the three keys to success are “location, location, and locati

37、on”. customers generally choose the nearest bank and gas station. department-store chains, oil companies, and fast food franchisers exercise great case in selecting locations. the problem breaks down into selecting regions of the country in which to open outlets, then particular cities, and then par

38、ticular sites. retailers can locate their stores in the central business district, a regional shopping center, a community shopping center, a shopping strip, or within a large store. central business districts: this is the oldest and most heavily trafficked city area, often known as “downtown.” stor

39、e and office rents are normally high. regional shopping centers: these are large suburban malls containing 40-200 stores. they usually draw customers from 5- to 20-mile radius. typically, malls feature one or two national known anchor stores, such as jcpenney or lord & taylor, and a great number

40、 of smaller stores, many under franchise operation. malls are attractive because of generous parking, one-stop shopping, restaurants, & recreational facilities. successful malls change high rents and get a share of stores sale.community shopping centers: these are smaller malls with one anchor s

41、tore and between 20-40 smaller stores. strip malls. these contain a cluster of stores, usually housed in one long building, serving a neighborhoods needs for groceries, hardware, laundry, shore repair, and dry cleaning. they usually serve people within a five- to ten-minute driving rang. a location

42、within a larger store: certain well known retailers mcdonald's, starbucks, nathans, dunkin donuts- locate new, small units as concession space within larger stores or operations, such as airports, schools, wal-marts, or department stores.in view of the relationship between high profits and high

43、rents, retailers must decide on the most advantageous locations for their outlets. they can use a variety of methods to assess location, including traffic counts, surveys of consumer shopping habits, analyses of competitive locations. retailers can assess a particulars stores sales effectiveness by

44、looking at 4 indicators: (1) number of people passing by on an average day; (2) percentage who entered the store; (3) percentage of those entering who buy; (4) average amount spent per sale.-下面是赠送的excel操作练习 不需要的下载后可以编辑删除(excel 2003部分)1. 公式和函数1. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-10.xls;(2)利用函数计算每个人各阶段总成绩,并利用函数计算各阶

45、段的平均成绩;(3)“平均成绩”行数字格式都为带一位小数(例如0.0)格式;(4)同名存盘。步骤:a) 文件在各阶段总成绩单元格内,点插入,点函数,在对话框中选择求和函数“sum”,在对话中number1内点右侧的按钮,将出现另外一个对话框,在文件中选择需要求和的单元格,然后点该对话框的右侧按钮,点确定(完成一个总成绩求和后,利用填充柄完成其他的总成绩求和,或者重复上面的顺序)在平均成绩单元格内,点插入,点函数,选择算术平均值函数average,出现对话框后,采用求和时的相同方法,完成操作选中平均成绩行,点右键点设置单元格,点数字,在分类项下点数值,设小数位为1,b) 确定保存2. (1)打开

46、当前试题目录下文件excel-13.xls;(2)根据工作表中给定数据,按“合计=交通费+住宿费+补助”公式计算“合计”数,并计算交通费、住宿费和补助的合计数;(3)所有数字以单元格格式中货币类的“¥”货币符号、小数点后2位数表现(如:¥2,115.00格式);(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-13.xls在合计下的一个单元格内输入“=交通费(在该行的单元格,假如说是e3)+住宿费(同上)+补助(同上)”,回车(其他的合计可以采用填充柄完成,或者重复上面的顺序)利用求和函数,参考1中的方法完成交通费、住宿费和补助的合计选择文件中的所有数字单元格,点右键,点设置单元格格式,点数字

47、,点货币,选择货币符号为“¥”,设置小数点后为2位,确定保存文件本题完成3. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-2.xls;(2)根据工作表中数据,计算“总成绩”列的数据。总成绩=一阶段成绩×0.3+二阶段成绩×0.3+三阶段成绩×0.4;(3)“总成绩”列数据格式为小数点后2位小数(例:6.20);(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-2.xls在总成绩下的一个单元格内输入“=一阶段成绩(在该行的单元格,假如说是e3)*0.3+住宿费(同上)*0.3+补助(同上)*0.4”,回车(其他的合计可以采用填充柄完成,或者重复上面的顺序)选中总成绩列的

48、数据单元格,点右键,点设置单元格格式,点数字,点数值,设置小数点后为2位,确定保存文件本题完成4. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-3.xls;(2)计算“审定费”和“税后款”,“审定费=全书字数÷1000×3,税后款=审定费-审定费×5%”;(3)利用菜单将“审定费”和“税后款”列格式设置为货币类的“¥”货币符号、小数点1位(例¥1,280.0);(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-3.xls在审定费下的一个单元格内输入“=全书字数(在该行的单元格,假如说是e3)/1000*3”,回车(其他的审定费可以采用填充柄完成,或者重复上面的顺序)在

49、税后款下的一个单元格内输入“=审定费(在该行的单元格,假如说是f3)-审定费*5%”,回车(其他的税后款可以采用填充柄完成,或者重复上面的顺序)选中审定费及税后款列的数据单元格,点右键,点设置单元格格式,点货币,选择货币符号“¥”,设置小数点后为1位,确定保存文件本题完成5. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-8.xls;(2)利用函数计算“总成绩”,利用公式“平均成绩=总成绩÷3”来计算“平均成绩”;(3)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-8.xls在总成绩下的一个单元格,点插入,点函数,在对话框中选求和函数“sum”,在对话中number1内点右侧的按钮,将出现另

50、外一个对话框,在文件中选择需要求和的单元格,然后点该对话框的右侧按钮,点确定(完成一个总成绩求和后,利用填充柄完成其他的总成绩求和,或者重复上面的顺序在平均成绩下的一个单元格内,输入“=平均成绩(在该行的单元格,假如说是b3)/3”,回车(其他平均成绩可以采用填充柄完成,或者重复上面的顺序)保存文件本题完成6. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-1.xls;(2)利用公式计算每个项目的“合计”;(3)“合计”列数据的格式和其它数据的格式相同;(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-1.xls在合计下的一个单元格,点插入,点函数,在对话框中选求和函数“sum”,在对话中numbe

51、r1内点右侧的按钮,将出现另外一个对话框,在文件中选择需要求和的单元格,然后点该对话框的右侧按钮,点确定(完成一个总成绩求和后,利用填充柄完成其他的总成绩求和,或者重复上面的顺序利用格式刷将合计的列的数据格式刷成与其他数据格式相同的格式(使用格式刷的方法是,先选中合计列外的其他任意一个单元格,点格式刷,然后再点需要刷成该样格式的单元格即可)保存文件本题完成7. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-6.xls;(2)计算出“净资产收益率”,净资产收益率=净利润÷净资产总额;(3)“净资产收益率”行以保留三位小数的百分数形式表现(如:32.310%);(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录

52、下文件excel-6.xls在净资产收益率下的一个单元格,输入“=净利润(在该行的单元格,假如说是b3)/净资产总额”,回车(完成一个单元格后,可以利用填充柄完成其他的单元格的操作,或者重复上面的顺序)选中净资产收益率列下的数据单元格,点右键,点设置单元格格式,点数字,单百分比,将小数位数设为3位,确定保存文件本题完成8. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-7.xls;(2)分别利用函数计算出“总成绩”、“平均成绩”;(3)平均成绩设置带两位小数格式(例如:78.00);(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下的excel-7.xls文件在总成绩对应的单元格内,点插入,点函数,在对话框中选择求

53、和函数“sum”,在对话中number1内点右侧的按钮,将出现另外一个对话框,在文件中选择需要求和的单元格,然后点该对话框的右侧按钮,点确定(如果有多个总成绩项,完成一个总成绩求和后,利用填充柄完成其他的总成绩求和,或者重复上面的顺序)在平均成绩对应的单元格内,点插入,点函数,选择算术平均值函数average,出现对话框后,采用求和时的相同方法,完成操作选中平均成绩对应的单元格,点右键,点设置单元格,点数字,点数值,设小数位为2,确定保存文件本题完成9. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-16.xls;(2)计算出“全套优惠价”,公式为:全套优惠价裸机价+入网费-送话费;(3)所有数字都

54、以单元格格式中货币类的“¥”货币符号、小数点后1位小数表现(如:¥1,450.00);(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-16.xls在全套优惠价对应的单元格,输入“=全套优惠价裸机价(在该行的单元格,假如说是b3)+入网费(同上)-送话费”,回车(如果有多个全套优惠价项,可以利用填充柄完成,也可以重复上面的顺序)选中所有的数字单元格,点右键,点设置单元格格式,点数字,点货币,选择货币符号为“¥”,设小数位为2位,确定保存文件本题完成10. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-71.xls;(2)利用函数计算奖金项的值,公式是“满工作量为40,满工作量的奖金为800元,工作量

55、不足的奖金为600元”;(3)利用公式计算实发工资项的值,公式是“实发工资为基本工资加奖金,再减去住房基金和保险费”;(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-71.xls选中奖金项下的一个单元格,点插入,点函数,点if函数,在对话框中,第一个条件格式内输入“该行工作量项下的单元格(比如是e3)>=40(即e3>=40)”,在true内输入800,在false内输入600,确定(其余行可以采用填充柄完成,或重复上述的顺序)选择实发工资项下的一个单元格,输入“=基本工资(在该行的单元格名)+奖金(同上)-住房基金(同上)-保险费(同上)”,确认(回车)(其余单元格采用填充柄完

56、成,或重复上述顺序)保存文件本题完成11. if函数的应用:根据教师工作表教师职称确定其职务津贴练习excel2003p140:excel2003电子表格的编辑操作2. 排序3. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-24.xls;(2)在b4单元格内键入数字“45637”;(3)表格所有数字格式为带1位小数格式(如:23456.0);(4)将sheet1的所有内容复制到工作表sheet2的相应单元格内,并以“电器”为关键字,对四个季度所有数据递减排序;(5)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-24.xls点b4单元格,输入“45637”选中表格内的所有数字格式,点右键,点设置单元格

57、格式,点数字,设小数位为1,确定全选sheet1(即当前的文件),点复制,点开sheet2,点当前页面的左上角的单元格,点粘贴点“电器”单元格,点表格,点排序,主要关键字下选择电器,点降序,确定保存文件本题完成4. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-29.xls;(2)根据工作表中数据,在b4单元格内键入数据“2580”;(3)表格数字数据设置为“0,000.0”的格式;(4)以“1997年”为关键字,对不同规格所有相应数据进行递减排序;(5)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-29.xls点b4单元格,输入“2580”选中表格内的所有数字格式,点右键,点设置单元格格式,点数值,

58、设小数位为1,点使用千分分隔符为有效,确定点“1997年”单元格,点表格,点排序,主要关键字下选择1997,点降序,确定保存文件本题完成5. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-33.xls;(2)根据工作表中数据,在e4单元格内键入数据“商务出版社”;(3)将sheet1所有内容复制到工作表sheet2的相应位置,并以“单价”为关键字,递减排序;(4)同名存盘。打开当前试题目录下文件excel-33.xls点e4单元格,输入“商务出版社”全选sheet1(即当前的文件),点复制,点开sheet2,点当前页面的左上角的单元格,点粘贴点“单价”单元格,点表格,点排序,主要关键字下选择单价,点降序,确定保存文件本题完成6. (1)打开当前试题目录下文件excel-23.xls;(2)根据工作表中数据,在a4单元格内键入数据“李四”;(3)“总

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