新编英语教程第三版BOOK2 Unit 3

1、Unit 3Unit 3LanguageStructureLook at the following sentences and pay attention to the grammar rules they use: I would have liked to sign up, but I sprained my ankle. She should / ought to have had more oral practice during the term. She neednt have learned all the dialogues by heart. 3. He may / mig

2、ht have gone without you. 4. She cant / couldnt have gone to the library. She must have gone to the language lab. 5. You may / might as well use my bike.Unit 3Unit 3I would have liked to sign up, but I sprained my ankle. would have liked to expressing “unfulfilled wish” 想要做的事情没有做成想要做的事情没有做成 Use the

3、structure to make sentence following the given cues. I intend to go skating with you yesterday but I couldnt because my mother didnt let me. I would have liked to go skating with you yesterday, but my mother didnt let me. I meant to sit in on Prof. Xins class this morning but I didnt because I had a

4、n important meeting to attend. I would have liked to sit in on Prof. Xins class this morning, but I had an important meeting to attend.Unit 3Unit 32. She should / ought to have had more oral practice during the term. should / ought to + have done expressing “unfulfilled obligation” 应该做的事情没有做，表示一种责备的

5、口气。应该做的事情没有做，表示一种责备的口气。 shouldnt / oughtnt to + have done 否定式表示某种行为不该否定式表示某种行为不该发生却发生了，表示一种责备的口气发生却发生了，表示一种责备的口气Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues. The exhibition was a good one. All of us visited it except John. John should / ought to have come with us. They bought a book f

6、or Mary but she didnt like it. They oughtnt to / shouldnt have bought the book for Mary.Unit 3Unit 3 She neednt have learned all the dialogues by heart. neednt + have done expressing “unnecessary past actions” 已经做过的但无必要做的行为已经做过的但无必要做的行为Use the structure to make sentence following the given cues. I w

7、rote a summary in more than five hundred words. But the teacher only asked for 200 words. I neednt have written such a long summary. Mary went to the station an hour before the train started. Mary neednt have gone to the station so early.Unit 3Unit 3 3. He may / might have gone without you. may / mi

8、ght / can / could + have done indicating “speculations about past actions”表示对过去事情可能性的推测表示对过去事情可能性的推测 can + have done 表示可能性的猜测时，只能用于疑问句中表示可能性的猜测时，只能用于疑问句中 may / might / could + have done 既可用于陈述句，也可用于疑既可用于陈述句，也可用于疑问句中问句中 e.g. She may / might / could + have gone to the library. Can she have gone to the

9、 library? Could she have gone to the library? May / Might she have gone to the library?Unit 3Unit 34. She cant / couldnt have gone to the library. can / could not + have done indicating “negative deduction about past actions”对过去事情否定的推断对过去事情否定的推断 e.g. Where is my mobile phone? It was here a moment ag

10、o. It couldnt have been stolen last night. She must have gone to the language lab. must + have done indicating “affirmative deduction about past actions”对过去事情非常肯定的推测对过去事情非常肯定的推测 e.g. Tim looks tired. He must have stayed up late last night.Unit 3Unit 35. You may / might as well use my bike. may / mig

11、ht as well + do used with the second or third person pronoun expressing “suggestions” 建议或劝说某人采取某种行动，有时相当于建议或劝说某人采取某种行动，有时相当于had better. e.g. Its very dark outside. You may / might as well take a torch along. When may / might as well + do used with the first person pronoun, it expresses “intention” i

12、n an unemphatic way. e.g. The film is at six. I might as well have my supper after the film.Unit 3Unit 3A: Everybody signed up for the sports meeting, but I didnt see your name.B: I didnt sign up.A: Why not?B: I would have liked to, but I sprained my ankle.LanguageStructurePractice 1Unit 3Unit 3A: M

13、ary failed in her oral English test again.B: She should / ought to have had more oral practice all through the term A: She learnt all the dialogues in the textbook by heart, though.B: But thats no use. As a matter of fact, she neednt have done that.Practice 2LanguageStructureUnit 3Unit 3A: I wonder

14、where Zhang can be.B: Did you have an appointment with him?A: Yes. He said hed meet me at half past eight and take me to the public library. Its about a quarter to nine now.B: He may / might have gone without you.A: Maybe, but he ought to have told me so.Practice 3LanguageStructureUnit 3Unit 3A: Is

15、Liu in the gym?B: No, I dont think so.A: Can / Could she have gone to the library? B: No, she cant / couldnt have gone there. I just saw her going out with a tape in her hand.A: In that case, she must have gone to the language lab.Practice 4LanguageStructureUnit 3Unit 3A: Its getting very late. I mu

16、st be off.B: Oh, I didnt realize it was so late.A: I hope Ill be able to catch the last bus home.B: Why dont you use my bike? You might as well. (or You may / might as well use my bike. The last bus might have gone)Practice 5LanguageStructureUnit 3Unit 3Pollution ControlDialogueI How many kinds of p

17、ollution are there nowadays? What causes these pollution? What bad influences does pollution have on our life? Think it Unit 3Unit 3Air PollutionUnit 3Unit 3Water PollutionUnit 3Unit 3Noise PollutionUnit 3Unit 3Land PollutionUnit 3Unit 3DialogueWhy is London no longer a city full of fog?What is the

18、cause of air and water pollution in the city where the speaker A lives? 3. What problem do cars bring? 4. What should be done to bring pollution completely under control?QuestionsBrowse through the text, try to answer following questions.Pollution ControlUnit 3Unit 3Language Pointsin a dense fog : i

19、n a thick fog 在浓雾中在浓雾中in a fog: 1)在雾中在雾中2) a state of confusion Im quite in a fog as to what you mean. dense: thicka dense population 稠密的人口稠密的人口a dense crowd 挤满的人群挤满的人群1. 1.Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointssince the Clean Air Act was enforced in 1956.enforce: to make people obey a rule or law 实施，执行实施，执行(

20、法律法律) enforce a law Governments make laws and the police enforce them. enforcement n. 2. 2.Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsThe Thames is swarming with fish.swarmn a large group of insects, especially bees, or a crowd of people who are moving quickly 蜂群，群蜂群，群e.g. Swarms of tourists pour into the square.v

21、to move or emerge or gather in large numbers: 蜂拥e.g. Photographers were swarming around the princess.be swarming with somebody/something:to be full of a moving crowd of people or animals 挤满挤满e.g. The museum was swarming with tourists.3. 3.Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointsswarmswarm to do sth. 蜂拥去做蜂拥去做swar

22、m around 拥围着拥围着swarm into / out 蜂拥进入蜂拥进入/而出而出3. 3.Language PointsThe Thames is swarming with fish.the Thames is swarming with fish the River Thames is full of fish that move about busily. The names of rivers are preceded by the definite article the. e.g.: the Yangzi River, the Yellow River, the Huds

23、on River, the River Mississippi3. 3.Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsIts been tormenting us for years.4. 4.verb : to make someone suffer a lot, especially mentally 折折磨磨 be tormented with / by e.g. She was tormented by feelings of guilt.synonym torturenoun e.g.: The journey must have been a torment for the

24、m. in torment 在痛苦中，受折磨在痛苦中，受折磨 e.g. She lay awake all night in torment. Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsIm irritated by all the noises in the streets.5. 5.irritate v.: make sb. angry 激怒某人激怒某人 irritated adj.be irritated about / at / with / by Im irritated by all the noises in the streets.irritating adj. H

25、es the most irritating man Ive ever met. irritation nounLanguage Points add considerably to the problem 6. 6.“add to” increase or have an increased effect; “add sth. to sth.” put sth. together with sth. else so as to increasee.g.:1) His words did nothing but added to my anger.2) The bad weather only

26、 added to our difficulties. 3) Teachers should exercise their imagination and add art to their teaching.Language Pointsmore and more people have come to know how harmful . 7. 7.more and more people have come to know how harmful . more and more people begin to know how harmful . The infinitive after

27、the verb come expresses an action that takes place gradually over some time. e.g.: He came to realize that he was wrong.Language PointsWe ought to make stricter laws to that effect.8. 8.make stricter laws to that effect make stricter laws with the intention to forbid car horns blowing in the streets

28、. The word effect refers to what B says in the preceding line “its against the law to blow car horns in any street in town.”Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsIts difficult to bring pollution completely under control.9. 9.bringunder control 把把控制住控制住 = have / keep under control She does exercises everyday in

29、 order to bring her weight under control.More phrases with “control”: gain / take / have / hold control of 控制着控制着 beyond ones control 在某人的控制外在某人的控制外 lose control of失去对失去对的控制的控制 in the control of 受受控制控制 out of control 失去控制失去控制Unit 3Unit 3Environmental PollutionReadingI Can you list several pollutants

30、? Why is pollution one of the most serious problems that man faces these days? Why is the pollution problem complicated?1. How can pollution be gradually reduced?Questions Unit 3Unit 3Environmental PollutionReadingIPart 1 (Para. 1) a brief introduction to the various man has polluted the earthPart 2

31、 (Para.2-4) a discussion about the and of the problem and to solve the problemPart 3 (Para.5) It reviews in the human history, to reinforce the warning to the reader that how the problem is .Structure waysseriousnesscomplicatednesssuggestionsenvironmental pollutionurgentBa. person chosen or appointe

32、d to act as a spokesman or substitute for another or othersb. being or producing something like nothing done or experienced or created beforec. thing given for a particular purpose, esp. money from the governmentd. thing or person that helps or assistse. of, near, found in or produced by the seaf. d

33、estroy or severely damage somethingg. throw about in various directions; strewh. help the growth or development of (something); encourage or promote A 1. scatter2. marine3. aid4. representative5. ruin6. foster7. grant8. innovative ensure observance of or obedience to (a law, decision, etc) or make (

34、a law) effectiveA 1. pesticide2. discharge3. complicated4. enforceb. Look up the following words in an English-English b. Look up the following words in an English-English dictionary and write down the definition of each word dictionary and write down the definition of each word that fits the contex

35、t. that fits the context. Ba chemical used for killing pests, esp. insectsgive or send out (liquid, gas, electric current, etc)difficult to understand or explain because there are many different partsA 5. pollutant6. alarm7. sustainable8. initiativeBa substance that is harmful to the environmentgive

36、 a warning or feeling of danger to someone or something(of economic development, energy sources, etc) capable of being maintained at a steady level without exhausting natural resources or causing severe ecological damagean important action that is intended to solve a problem or resolve a difficultyL

37、anguage Pointssurroundings the conditions, scenery, etc. around a person, place or thing; environment. The word “surrounding,” however, is generally used as an adjective.e.g.: They make regular checks on the surrounding areas for pollution levels. 1 1Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointsruin natural beauty by

38、 scattering junk and litter on the landscatter: v.to separate 分散；驱散分散；驱散 The birds scattered at the sound of the gun. 鸟群一听到鸟群一听到枪声就四处飞散了枪声就四处飞散了。 2) to spread widely in all directions by throwing 撒撒 scatter + obj. + on / over 把把撒于撒于上上1) The farmers were scattering seed on the fields. 农夫把种农夫把种子撒在田里。子

39、撒在田里。2 2Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointsasas 结构用法结构用法1) as as 结构用于表示结构用于表示 不同人或物同一性质不同人或物同一性质的比较，的比较，意为意为“和和一样一样 。 e.g.: The tree is as tall as the building (is) 注意此结构也常用于形象比喻中：注意此结构也常用于形象比喻中： as cool as cucumber 沉着的沉着的 as stubborn as a mule 非常顽强的，倔强的，非常顽强的，倔强的， as clear as crystal 非常透明的，非常透明的， as poor a

40、s a church mouse 非常贫困的，非常贫困的， as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌，像蜜蜂一样忙碌， as deep as a well 像井一样深，像井一样深， as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻，像羽毛一样轻， 3. 3.Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointsasas 结构用法结构用法2) as as 结构用于表示结构用于表示同一个人或物不同性质同一个人或物不同性质的比较，的比较，意为意为“既既又又” 。在否定句中结构是。在否定句中结构是“ not so/asas ” e.g.: This swimming pool is a

41、s wide as it is long. Danny is not so/as wise as he is humorous 丹尼为人风趣，但欠明智。丹尼为人风趣，但欠明智。3. 3.Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointsasas 结构用法结构用法3) as as 结构用于表示结构用于表示两个人或物不同性质两个人或物不同性质的比较，表的比较，表示程度相同或相当，意为示程度相同或相当，意为“而而”。 e.g.: He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful 他长得非常英俊，他的妻子也长得非常漂亮。他长得非常英俊，他的妻子也长得非常漂亮

42、。 He was as experienced as his brother was green 他经验丰富，而他兄弟却涉世未深。他经验丰富，而他兄弟却涉世未深。4. 4.Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointsbenefitbenefit n. / v. benefit sth./ sb. 对对有益有益 benefit from sth./ sb. 从从 中获益中获益 be of benefit to 对对有益有益 for the benefit of 为了为了(.的好处的好处) bring benefits to 给给带来利益带来利益 beneficial adj. 有益的有

43、益的 4. 4.Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsexhaustUC the gas produced when an engine is working 废气废气2) V to make someone feel extremely tired 使筋疲力尽使筋疲力尽 to use all of something 耗尽耗尽,用完用完 =use up A full days teaching exhausts me. = I was exhausted by a full days teaching. We are in danger of exhausting the w

44、orlds oil supply. 5. 5.Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsFactories discharge much of the material thatdischarge: to send out gas, liquid, smoke etc. 排放（气体、液体、烟等）排放（气体、液体、烟等） e.g. discharge waste/ exhaust 6. 6.Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointscut down7. 7. cut down: vi./ vt. reduce the amount 削减削减,减少减少 He has man

45、aged to cut down his cigarettes to ten a day. Shed rather stay fat than have to cut down on chocolate. Unit 3Unit 3Language Pointshuge amounts of pollutants8. 8. a large（great，good）amount of 不可数名词不可数名词，作主语，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数时，谓语动词一般用单数但但（huge，great，good）amounts of 可数名词可数名词，作主，作主语时，谓语动词要用复数语时，谓语动词要用复数Uni

46、t 3Unit 3Language Points表示表示“许多；大量许多；大量”的短语的短语9. 9. 1)修饰可数名词：修饰可数名词： many, a great many, a good many, a (large, great ) number of, many a, huge/ great / good amounts of 2)修饰不可数名词：修饰不可数名词： much, a great / good deal of a great amount ofUnit 3Unit 3Language Points表示表示“许多许多”的短语的短语9. 9. 3)修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或

47、不可数名词 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large / great quantity of (谓语视名词特性而定谓语视名词特性而定), quantities of（谓语用复数）（谓语用复数）Unit 3Unit 3Language PointsMany projects are intended to 10.10. intend: 打算，计划；打算，计划； 为特殊目的而设计；为特殊目的而设计； 为特定用途而打算；为特定用途而打算；intend to do: plan or decide to do 计划打算做计划打算做 I intend to clean o

48、ut the spare room sooner or later.be intended for (a particular purpose)： 作某种用途使用作某种用途使用be intended for (a particular person)：供某人使用：供某人使用be intended to do 意图是意图是，是用来，是用来1. Younger people shouldnt be doing exercises _ for 18-year-olds. A. used B. intended C. made D. described 2. This law _ the number

49、 of accidents caused by children running across the road when they get off the bus. A) intending to reduceB) intends reducingC) intended reducingD) is intended to reduceUnit 3Unit 3Language Points11.11. municipalities town, city or district with its own local government; governing body of such a tow

50、n, etc. 自治市；自治区；自治市或区的政府当局、自治市；自治区；自治市或区的政府当局、市政府市政府Unit 3Unit 3Language Points 12.12.environmentally-friendly designed not to harm natural environment 不污染环境的、环保的、有利于环境的不污染环境的、环保的、有利于环境的 The suffix “friendly” is often used at the end of words to mean “not harmful”, “convenient for user” or “suitable for particular people to use”. Can you tel