书信写作英语

1、书信写作书信是我们用以交涉事务、增进了解、交流思想、联络感情的一种重要工具。分为正式、非正式；私人、社交、商务和公务；求职信、咨询信、感谢信、投诉信、建议信、邀请信、推荐信等写信步骤： 一、看清题目、找出主题 二、通过题目了解写信对象，确定语气一封正规的英文书信的结构框架由以下五部分组成：1 the heading 信端2 the salutation 称谓3 the body 正文4 the close 结尾5 the signature 签名详细分析：6 信端（信头）信端即信头，一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信端还包括发信人或单位的电话号码、电报挂号、电传、传真和邮政编码等

2、。西方国家中有些信端甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称等。信端的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处，何时发出，便于复信和查阅。用一般的信纸写信时，信端应写在信纸的右上角，若字数较多，可从信纸中间或偏右的地方写起。若字数较少，可适当多向右移一些，使整个信端的重心落在右上角。写信端时，先写发信人的地址，地点的名称按由小到大的顺序排列，然后与其它项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市（县）名、省（州、邦）名，往国外寄的信，还要写上国家的名称；国家名称的前面加上邮政编码，其后可写上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。如果写信人的地址是机关单位的名称，则将其作为第一行。如果写信

3、人的单位没有门牌号码和街名，则第一行可写上所在班级或专业组的名称；第二行写系、科、室名称；第三行写学校名称；第四行写市（县）、省（州）名称；然后再写邮政编码、国名、电话号码、发信日期等项。特别要注意的是，门牌号码和街名之间要加逗号。月份和日期之间不可用逗号。在西方国家，城市名称之后往往写有字母或数字（如 New York, 103），表示城市的邮政编码。关于发信日期的写法，应注意以下几点：年份应完全写出，不能简写，如不能以02代替2002。月份要用英文名称，不要用数字代替。月份名称多用公认的缩写式。但 May, June, July, 因为较短，不可缩写。写日期时，可用基数词1，2，3，4，5

4、，28，29，30，31等，也可用序数词 lst, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 28th, 29th, 30th, 31lst等。但最好用基数词，简单明了。日期可有下列几种写法： Oct. 20, 2004 10 May, 2004 3rd June, 2004 Sept. 16th, 2004其中，最为通用。例：16 Fuxing StreetHaidian DistrictBeijingPost Code: 100035Peoples Republic of ChinaTel: 63211234Aug. 20, 2004信内地址：信内地址收信人的姓名和地址，写在信纸的左上角，从

5、信纸的左边顶格开始写，低于写信人地址和发信日期一二行，应与信端的书写格式保持一致。其次序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行，然后写地址，可占二至四行，例如：Ms. Joanna KerryPeking UniversityHaidian District, 100871BeijingChina7 称谓对收信人的称呼应自成一行，写在低于信内地址一二行的地方，从信纸的左边顶格开始写，每个词的开头字母要大写，至于末尾处的符号，英国人用逗号，但美国和加拿大英语则多用冒号。称呼用语可视写信人与收信人的关系而定。不管给谁写信都首先写上Dear。1.对没有头衔的男性一般称呼 Mr. 。Mr. 用在

6、姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，不可只用在名字之前，例如对的称呼，应该是：Mr. 或 Mr. White, 不可是：Mr. Phil。若称呼多个男性，则在姓名前用 Mr. 的复数形式 Messrs. 。对一般以人名为名称的公司和企业常用这种称呼，例如：Messrs. Black and Brothers 布莱克兄弟公司。对女性一般称呼 Mrs.， Madam 或 Miss。Mrs.用在已婚女子的丈夫的姓氏之前，或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用在名字前 Madame 此词可以单独使用或加在丈夫的姓名之前 Mrs. 没有复数形式。若称呼多个女性，则在姓名前用 Mme. 的复数形式 Mmes. 而对以女子名字为

7、名称的公司、企业可用 Mesdames 称呼。 Miss 多用于未婚女子，此词可缩写为 Ms ，用于姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，一般不用于名字之前。对收信人的称呼，也可用头衔或职位的名称，不分性别。例如 Professor （缩写为 Prof.），Doctor （缩写为 Dr.）， General (缩写为 Gen.) 。这些称呼都放在姓氏之前或姓氏和名字之前，如 Prof. （Phil）White等。对外公函中对收信人的称呼，可用 Gentlemen （而不是 Gentleman），Dear Sir (s)和 My dear Sir(s)等。Gentlemen 之前不能加 Dear， 后面也不

8、能带姓名。用 Sirs 时，前面常用 Dear 一词，但也可单独用 Sir。若收信人是妇女，则无论已婚或未婚，都可单独使用 Madam 或其复数 Mesdames。对外国高级官员的称呼，如国家元首、政府首脑、部长、大使、公使和特使等，可用（Dear）Sir， （Dear）Mr. Chairman，（Dear）Mr. Premier， （My dear）Mr. Ambassador，Your Excellency （复数为 Excellencies）。对君主制国家的国王和皇帝等男性君主，可以 Sir 称呼，对女王、女皇和皇后等女性君主，可用 Madam 称呼。有时也用 Your Majesty

9、称呼以表示。客气和尊敬Your Majesty 可兼指男性和女性，其复数为 Your Majesties。对王室成员，如太子、王子、亲王和公主等，一般可用（Dear）Sir 或（Dear）Madam 但在正式尊称时，一般用 Your Highness (复数为 Highnesses)。收信人称呼先生（男人）Mr./Esq.夫人（已婚）Mrs.小姐（未婚）Miss夫人、小姐统称Ms.夫妇俩人Mr.and Mrs.两位或两位以上男子Messrs两位或两位以上女子（已婚）Mesdames两位或两位以上小姐（未婚）Misses常见的头衔（汉英对照）如下：教授Professor博士Doctor(Dr.,

10、Ph.D.)医学博士Medical Doctor(M.D.)总统或校长President主席或董事长Chairman副主席或副董事长Vice Chairman副总统或副校长Vice President首相Prime Minister总理Premier省长或州长Governor市长Mayor参议员Senator大使Ambassador秘书长Secretary General一秘First Secretary二秘Second Secretary院长Director, Dean副院长Vice Director系主任Dean, Head, Chair馆长Chief Librarian, Curator

11、阁下Excellency神甫Father8 正文信的正文每段第一行应往右缩进约四五个字母。在写事务性信件时，正文一般开门见山，内容简单明了，条理清楚。在写私人信件时，信写好之后若有什么遗漏，可用 P. S.表示补叙。常见的开头语：I was so pleased to receive your letter,.Thank you for your kind letter,Sorry for delaying this so long,常见的结束语：Best wishes to you.Take good care of yourself and write often.Our warm reg

12、ards to your parents.9 结尾结束语是写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称，只占一行，低于正文一二行，从信纸的中间或偏右的地方开始写。第一个词的开头字母要大写，末尾用逗号。写给专业人员的商务信函，一般用正式的语言结尾。如“Yours truly”“Very truly yours”写给密友或亲戚。“Yours affectionately”“Always affectionately yours”“Lovingly yours”“Yours loving sister”“With love”写给恋人。一般“Fondly yours”,冲动“Yours with the utmo

13、st devotion”10 签名信末的签名一般低于结束语一二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写。例：ZHANG HuaLiu Haicheng6. 附件（Enclosure）信件若有附件，应在左下角注明 Encl. 或 Enc.。若附件不止一个，则应写出2（或3，4，5等）Encls.，例如：Enc: ResumeEncls: Grade Certificate7. 再启（Postscript, 缩写为 P. S.）再启部分用于补叙正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的函件中更应避免使用。私人和公务信函-常用句式常用的起首语有：1）Thank you for your letter dated

14、Dec.22,1969.2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say7)Thank you v

15、ery much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me .11)With great delight I learn

16、from your letter of this Sunday that 14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.常用的结束语有

17、：1）Awaiting your good news,2)Looking forward to your early reply,3)Hoping to hear from you soon,4)We await your good news.5)I hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.8)Your early reply will

18、 be highly appreciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)I hope everything will be well with you .12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.14)I wish you very success in the comin

19、g year.15)Please remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)All the best.18)With love and good wishes.以上是一般书信的写作格式，下面列出具体11 求职信（Letter of Application）要点：（1） 简单说明你对自己所应聘的职位岗位和技能的关注与兴趣。要求包含与工作有关的恰当信息（2） 简短说明你所附的材料。信中语言尽量简洁、中肯。所述情况要符合事实。态度切忌过冷或过热（3） 将自己的详细联系方式在信中说明。称呼一定要用人名，而非职位（

20、4） 表名自己的渴望接受面试，以及表示愿意服从公司的工作分配安排例：Dear Sir, I read with interest your advertisement in the Communications of A.C.M. for the position of Director of the new Computer-Aided Learning Center being set up by Ray Conwell Co.Inc. RCC has a reputation for producing high-quality such as the Mandolin network

21、system. I am interested in joining such a professional organization. As you can see from the resume, my previous work has included supervision of software product development as well as extensive work in computer-aided learning. Although my educational training concentrated on theoretical computer s

22、cience, my current interests lie more in applications of computer science principles to produce viable products. My years of studying and teaching in the university setting have given me a good knowledge of the pedagogical process. I look forward to the opportunity to apply this in the development o

23、f a state-of-the-art CAL system. My previous experience in systems design work makes me confident that I could make a valuable contribution to Ray Conwell Co., Inc.Sincerely yours,Merwin D. Kresh12 申请信（Application Letter）要点：（1） 描述所要申请的职位、学位或其他特别的待遇等（2） 介绍自己要申请的理由（3） 简单列明自己的学历及工作经历等（4） 说明自己盼望所申请之事能够得

24、到允许的心情例:Dear Sir, This is an application for position as a trainee in your department store. I will graduate from the XX Business College in 2006 and my college requires that the undergraduates have some practical training before their graduation. Having worked for ABC Company during the past summer

25、 and Christmas season, I am most interested in the department store field. I have a little experience in receiving, stocking, ordering and selling. Enclosed are the materials which you have requested. I will be very glad to discuss my qualifications in an interview.Sincerely yours,Xiaojun WangEnc: r

26、esume13 致歉信(Letter of Apology)(1)首先点名因何事向收信人致歉(2)说明道歉的具体原因，表明自己对待改时间的态度，及深刻的歉意(3)最后再次请求收信人的原谅例：Dear Li Ming, It is with sentiments of profound regret that I am writing this letter of apology to you. I now fully realize that I was entirely unjustified at the group meeting in leveling against you a ch

27、arge that you were often careless and perdunctory in discharging your daily duties. My ill-founded criticism was solely based upon misinformation and misjudgement. Upon careful investigation made later among the masses, I found that you have always been very much devoted to your work and helpful to

28、the comrades around. It is my sincere hope that my unthoughtful remarks will not be allowed to mar our friendliness. I now beg to withdraw my rash statement made on that occasion and promise to make open self-criticism at our next meeting. Please accept my sincere apology with gratitude.Yours ever,W

29、ang Hong14 咨询信（Letter of Inquiry）(1)首先要表明写信意图，说明写这封信是为了寻求什么样的信息或帮助(2)接着提出所咨询的具体问题，强调获得这些信息对自己的重要性(3)表达获取信息的强烈愿望，提供联系方式，对有关人员表示真诚的感谢例：Dear Sir, I am seeking an opportunity to study chemistry in your university after graduation from XX university, Beijing, the People s Republic of China next year. Ple

30、ase inform me of the application procedure for admission. I intend to support myself financially during the period of my stay in your university. I should be very obliged to you if you would kindly furnish me with the details concerning the eligibility of a student from a foreign country for any sch

31、olarship in your mathematics department.Sincerely yours,Li Ping15 感谢信（Letter of Thanks）(1)首先要表明写作意图，向对方表示诚挚的谢意(2)简要说明感谢的原因，语言要诚挚，信文切忌冗长(3)官方感谢信需行文得体，非官方感谢信较随意(4)结尾再次表明感谢之情例：Dear Mr. Jeffers, I enjoyed our discussion last week. Thank you for your time. I have read the recent article you gave me from

32、the “Virginia Nature” magazine about Virginia Game and Inland Fisheries and the local Mood River Preserve. It was informative and exciting. I would cherish the opportunity to do research in the Preserve as we discussed. The independent field study I designed for the spring semester has given me some

33、 valuable tools and skills. I agree with you that informal natural research is important to developing a scientific understanding. Best wishes with the spring season. I look forward to hearing from you next week. Thanks again.Sincerely yours,Logan Hanna16 投诉信(Letter of Complaints)(1)首段指明所投诉的事件。(2)接着

34、将问题清晰、简洁、公正地描述出来(3)表述时以理服人，坚持实事，保持礼貌(4)清楚地表明你想如何得到解决。(5)信中要提供重要的信息，例如事情发生的时间、经过和你的联系方式(6)信的结尾表达你对对方最终圆满解决问题的期望。例Dear Sir, Several of us have spoken to you individually about the collection of broken motors and equipment in your front and backyard, but so far the unsightly mess is still in full view.

35、 Although we have nothing against people starting their own repair business, our block is not zoned for private business. In addition, the broken equipment catches rain water and makes a perfect breeding ground for mosquitoes and other pests. It also attracts rats, stray cats and other animal pests

36、that are becoming a real nuisance to the rest of us. Over the past two weeks, all of us have had our garbage cans ripped open and garbage strewn over our yards. If the motors and equipment are not removed by the end of next week, we will be forced to call in the city officials. If you need help haul

37、ing the stuff away, we d be glad to lend a hand. We ll be talking to you this coming weekend about clearing up this whole matter so we can get our neighborhood looking good again.Your neighbors17 建议信(Suggestion Letter)(1)开头明确提出要建议的事情(2)主题段落的第一部分应该先肯定有点，第二部分在写需要改进的地方。这一点是其投诉信的区别。下一步就是针对情况提出具体建议或忠告并解释

38、这样做的必要性(3)该问题与议论文写作的内容很相似，应该注意两者的区别，建议信中避免使用“我认为”的说法，多使用I和You，真正做到与读信人一种交流(4)如果需要，提供你的联系方式，如电话、传真及电子邮件等例Dear Sir, Recently, I visited Baotou in Inner Mongolia for the first time. During my journey, I was very much impressed by the excellent service of the working staff at the Baotou Railway Station.

39、 However, to my great surprise, I found there was no information center at Baotou Railway station to tell me the approximate cost of a taxi to get to my hotel. I was vastly overcharged by taxi drivers for my trips to hotels. I suggest that information center be set up at airports and railway station

40、s. The information centers need to be staffed so that people can be personally assisted. It is much more helpful and indeed necessary to have staff at their centers because they are more helpful than a few printed or written notices which provide only a very limited amount of information. Thank you

41、for your attention.Sincerely yours,James Park18 邀请信(Invitation Letter)(1)开头首先表明写作意图，向某人发出邀请(2)指明地点、日期、时间等要素(3)表达你渴望见到对方。(4)注意除了像Mr.和Mrs. 跟名字的称谓以外，其他单词不要用缩写(5)如果是商务性质的，注明时间、会议地点、发言主题、组织者、出席者类型等等。留下联系人的名字、地址和电话号码。(6)表达你对被邀请者能硬要的愉快心情及强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。Dear Mr. Wood, The English teachers of the XXX univer

42、sity were deeply impressed by masterpiece “A Study of English Intonation” and are very interested in hearing in person your views on this and other subjects. Would you be so kind as to come to our college and meet them at your convenience? You would, of course, receive our standard honorarium to cov

43、er traveling and other expenses. Please let us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you would be able to do so.Sincerely yours,Li MingOffice Secretary19 推荐信(Recommendation Letter)(1)推荐信的主要目的是写信人向收信人推荐第三人做某件事情。(2)开头先写明写作意图，并说明推荐人与被推荐人之间的关系。(3)接着列举推荐原因，写出被推荐人的专长和人格魅力。(4)表明推荐人的态度，并

44、表示感谢和期待。例Dear Ms. Green, I am glad to introduce Mr. Lewis Li to you. He has worked as product manager in this company for three years, from 2002 to 2005. He is a warm-hearted and responsible person who worked very hard during the whole period of his service. Mr. Li has excellent qualities. He is one

45、 of the most brilliant and congenial employees I have ever met. I feel that he will be very valuable to whoever employs him. Because of the reasons listed above, I recommend Mr. Li without reservation.Yours sincerely,Cannon HongDirector of Engineering DepartmentMotorola Company in China便签写作20 便条（Not

46、e）(1) 形式简单，语言口语化。便条可用于邀请、道歉、感谢、请求、留言等(2) 便条一般可以省略一下几项：1收信人和发信人地址2书信开头称呼中的“Dear”一次3书信中的结尾套语4日期中的年份、(3) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Nov. Dec例Dear Xiao Wang, I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am translation some important articles. There are ma

47、ny new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually. I just have a paper dictionary but of course its not as convenient as the electronic one, and has a bad effort upon the velocity of my translation. So I think your dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work. I promise that I mu

48、st be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much!Yours ever,Xiao Zhang21 通知(Notice)通知至少包括一下三部分：(1) 时间：月 日，星期，时 分(2) 地点(3) 活动：主题，参加人员，报告人简洁等要点：(1) 语言要求规范简短，具体明确。选用正式或普通的语域。(2) 一般要写明发布通知的单位和时间(3) 正文要明确写出通知的人员范围、活动内容、活动时间和地点。(4) 必要时还应写明活动方式及注意事项等。例Notice The Extr

49、acurricular Activities Group takes pleasure in announcing that its annual English evening is to be held in the assembly hall on Sunday, Dec 18, at 8:00 p. m. The program includes songs, recitation, story-telling, skits and plays. Admission tickets may be obtained on application to the Extracurricula

50、r Activities Group, Room 205, Office Building.Dec 6,200522 欠条与收据(Loan Note and Receipt)要点：(1) 注明收受双方的姓名。(2) 收到时间、归还期限及相关要求(3) 如有必要将双方达成的一些协议列明一般两三句话必须结束。备忘录写作应用文备忘录是一种正式的专业文件。它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，经常为公司或团体所使用。大多数备忘录的特点是简明扼要，但它们同时也应具备优秀应用文的其他写作原则：面向你的读者，表达清楚且准确。 备忘录通常提出请求或发布人们对某个具体问题的迅速反应。备忘录简洁短小，各部分题目虽然看上

51、去有些唐突，但它们可以使读者对事情有个大致了解并快速做出反应。 备忘录通常要发送、张贴、转寄，也就是说它们要迅速送到很多人手里。粗心就会出错，其影响会迅速扩大，因为为了纠正错误人们往往会写更多的备忘录。备忘录也要归档，这意味着它们将来有一天还会纠缠你。事实上“memo”来自于拉丁语“memorandum”，意思是“必须记住的东西”。一、备忘录的常见格式1、忘录书端（Header）：书端是写在备忘录开头的压缩信息。情况不同，书端的格式可能不同，但是通常应采用下面这种格式。Date: January 24, 2005To: F. PrefectFrom: A. DentSubject: My Su

52、ggested Revisions to the Local Demolition Schedule日期：2005年1月24日致： F. 普里费科特自： A. 邓特由：关于地方拆除计划的建议修订案日期：要采用正式的全部拼写。在有些国家，“12/01/98”是指“1998年12月1日”，而在其他国家却是“1998年1月12日”。致和自：通常，省去诸如“教授”或“先生”这类头衔。“自：”后面写你名字的首字母大写，然后接你的姓。事由：要具体。备忘录目的（Purpose）：阐明写作原因。采用回答记者问题的方式，回答：who，what，when，where and why。二、样 题：Direction

53、s:You are an active member of the student newspaper. The newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.范文：Date: Octobor 10, 2005To:

54、 All studentsFrom: A. ButtleSubject: Journalist Position Available for the Summer Semester The student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Applicants should currently be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years writing experience.

55、 The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience. If you are interest

56、ed, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office. A译文：日期：2005年10月10日致： 全体学生自： A. 巴特尔事由：夏季学期记者招聘学生报正在招聘夏季学期的记者。条件是应聘人应是本校的在校生，最好至少有两年的写作经验。被聘者将每周写两篇关于这个城市和校园的报道。工作是从五月底开始，一直持续到八月底。工资待议，且会以其经历为依据。感兴趣者，请把你的简历寄到学校报社。其他23 简历（resume）(1) 一般来说，简历的要点主要有以下几点：个人信息，包括姓名，性别，地址，联系电话等(2) 列出你的求职岗位(3) 描绘你的工作经验，教育背景，个人职业目标等等(4) 表明你的个人优势(5) 避免过多运用形容词和副词。应该运用独到的，有说服力的名词和动词。切忌冗长24 广告（Advertisement）(1) 广告要吸引人，有清晰、醒目的