chapter one part 2

1、FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE An review Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsLinguistics is a scientific study of languageexhaustivenessconsistencyeconomyobjectivityResearch/investigationWebsters dictionary1. Human speech2. A ability3. A system4. A writing representation1.Any means of communication2. a s

2、pecial set of symbolsLanguage is a system of vocal symbols used for human communicationDesign features of languageArbitrarinessdualitycreativitydisplacementsignsTo cover all the languages in studyThe rules by which language is structured and developssemanticssyntaxmorphologyphonologyphoneticspragmat

3、icsmacrolinguisticsTeaching aimIntroduce to the students the functions of language FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsTeaching points1. Jakobsons ideas of language functions.2. Hallidays ideas of language functions.3. More details about language functions. Roman J

4、akobson (1896-1982), a famous Russian linguist, who emigrated to the Czech Republic and the United States. He was a leading figure of the Moscow Linguistic Circle, one of the two movements constituting Russian Formalism; he also was a founder of the Prague school of linguistic theory. Jakobson was o

5、ne of the most influential intellectuals of the 20th century, with his contributions to linguistics, structuralism anthropology, literary theory and semiotics, among others. FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics Jakobsons three major ideas in linguistics play a majo

6、r role in the field to this day: linguistic typology, markedness and linguistic universals. The three concepts are tightly intertwined: typology is the classification of languages in terms of shared grammatical features (as opposed to shared origin), markedness is (very roughly) a study of how certa

7、in forms of grammatical organization are more natural than others, and linguistic universals is the study of the general features of languages in the world.FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsFOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguisticsco

8、ntextaddressermessageaddresseecontactcodereferentialpoeticphaticmetalingualemotiveconativeJacobsons ideas of language functionsMichael Alexander Kirkwood HallidayHalliday (born 1925) is a linguist who developed an internationally influential grammar model, the systemic functional grammar, originally

9、 by studying Chinese. The model has been applied to other languages as well; it is especially useful for describing non-Indo-European languages. FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday Michael Halliday was born and grew up in Englan

10、d; he took his B.A. Honours degree in Modern Chinese Language and Literature at the University of London, then studied for three years in China (Peking University and Lingnan University), returning to take his Ph.D. in Chinese Linguistics at Cambridge. Having taught Chinese for a number of years he

11、changed his field of specialization to linguistics and developed the systemic functional grammar, elaborating on the foundations laid by his British teacher J. R. Firth. His seminal paper on this model was published in 1961. He became Professor of Linguistics at London University in 1965. FOREIGN LA

12、NGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics In 1976 he moved to Australia as Foundation Professor of Linguistics at the University of Sydney, where he remained until he retired. He has worked in various regions of language study, both theoretical and applied, and has been especiall

13、y concerned with applying the understanding of the basic principles of language to the theory and practices of education. He received the status of emeritus professor of the University of Sydney and the Macquarie University in 1987, and is currently Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Faculty of

14、 Education, University of Hong Kong.FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsFOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsAchievements FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsHallidays ideas of language functions.

15、a theory of metafunctions of language:Ideational: to construct a model of experience and construct logic relations.Interpersonal: to enact social relationships.Textual: to create relevance to the context.A summary about language functions:FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to L

16、inguisticsInformative function: to express our thoughts; to record the facts in history, which is similar to the ideational function proposed by Halliday.Halliday: Language serves for the expression of content, that is, the speakers experience of thereal world, including the inner world of his own c

17、onsciousness. FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsInterpersonal function: to establish and maintain a social status in a society; to recognize ones identity: Physically in terms of age, sex, and voiceprints. Psychologically in terms of language, personality, and in

18、telligence. Geographically in terms of accents and dialects. Ethnically and socially in terms of social stratification, class, role, etc. Performative function: to do something through language. e.g. 1. I bequeath my watch to my brother. ( in a will) 2. I bet you six pence that it will rain tomorrow. ( betting) 3. I name this ship Elizabeth. ( at a launching ceremony of a ship) 4. I do. ( at a wedding ceremony when a bride is asked “ Do you agree to marry this man?”)FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE Part Two Chapter 1 Invitations to LinguisticsEmotive f