Adverbial Clause with -ing

1、Adverbial Clause with -ing现在分词动名词比较A moving truck(正在移动的卡车)= A truck movesA sleeping bag(一个睡袋)= A bag is sleeping. moving 现在分词 sleeping 动名词动名词具有名词的性质，所以在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。现在分词具有形容词和副词的性质，所以在句子中可以做定语、状语、补语、表语。现在分词做定语时，所修饰的名词是现在分词的逻辑主语。动名词做定语表示的是被修饰的名词的用途、作用等所修饰的名词不是动名词的逻辑主语。1.Walking in the street, I

2、met a friend of mine.2.Being ill, he didnt go to school.3. Working hard, you will succeed.4.Being poor, the old man was happy.5. The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm.6. He sat at the table, reading a magazine.时间原因条件让步结果方式现在分词做状语现在分词做状语时， 通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可以表示时间、原因

3、、结果、条件、让步、方式或者伴随动作，相当与相对应的状语从句。注意为了强调现在分词所表达的意义，在现在分词短语前面可用连词。（有时可用介词或副词） Be careful when crossing the road Dont laugh while eating. 3. Before going abroad, he studied in Peking University.4. After watching TV, he went to bed.为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生，在-ing形式短语前可用when, while等；为了强调在谓语动词之前或之后发生，在-ing 形式短语前可用连词b

4、efore或after.On arriving in Beijing, he went to see his uncle.在-ing 形式短语前可用介词on,表示“一就”The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay.为了强调结果，可以在-ing 形式前加副词thus.Though working very hard, he couldnt make enough money to pay off his debt.在-ing 形式短语前可用though/although 表示让步。动词-ing 形式的完成式 1.Hav

5、ing left something in the room, I went inside to get it. 2.Having lost all my old friends, I felt shy and lonely at my new school. Having done 表示的动作发生在句中的谓语动词之前。注意-ing 形式的完成式只是表示在谓语动词以前完成的动作，与现实时间并没有直接联系。只有谓语动词才表示出现实时间。动词-ing形式的否定形式Not knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for advice.动词-ing形式的各种变

6、化形式分词形式分词形式意义意义-ing (doing)与句中主语是逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词动作同时发生，或者没有一定的时间性Having done与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动词的动作发生Being done 与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，与句中谓语动词动作同时发生Having been done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，先于谓语动词的动作发生1. _ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.Find B. finding C. To find D. Found2. _ at the

7、cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. A. Having eaten B. to eat C. eat D. Eating3. _ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.Not knowing B. knowing not c. Not known D. known not BAA动词的-ing形式作宾语时和不定时的区别谓语动词的词义不变。但是当表示经常发生的动作或者比较抽象的意义的时候，多用动词的-ing形式作宾语，而表示某个将来

8、的动作或者具体的意义时，则多用不定式做宾语。2.谓语动词的词义不同。remember to do doing记住要做某事记得过去曾经做过的事forget to do doing忘记做要做的事情忘记了过去曾经做过的事情try to do to do 试图/努力做某事 doingdoing试着做某事 mean to do doing 打算做某事意味着做某事 regret to do doing 对发生的事情表示抱歉，遗憾对已经发生的事情表示后悔 go on to do doing 接着做另外一件事情继续做同一件事情 stop doing to do 停止做某事停下别的事情来做某事独立主格结构The

9、 test finished, we began our holiday.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.非谓语动词做状语时，它的逻辑主语应该和句子的主语保持一致。但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我们称之为独立主格。独立主格结构特点1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2.独立主格结构中作为逻辑主语的名词或者代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定时、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓或者动宾关系。3.独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。独立主格结构的构成名词/代词+ 现在分词/过去分词名词/代词+ 形容词名词/代词+副词名