泛读3 Unit 10

1、Unit 101.precipitation prIsip'ten   n.the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist) 【术语】（雨、雪等的）降落；降水量eg. There will be precipitation on northern hills tonight.今夜北面山上有降雨。Phrase:probable precipitation 可降水量 amount of precipitation 降雨量 dust precipit

2、ation 除尘 chemical precipitation 化学沉淀precipitateprsptet v(cause to) happen suddenly or sooner; hasten(使)突然发生 .eg. A cool breeze caused a precipitate drop in the temperature. 冷风使温度急降. throw sb/sth suddenly into使突然陷入 eg. The cart overturned and precipitated us to

3、 the ditch.车子翻了，我们被摔进了沟里。cause a substance to do this 沉淀,析出eg. Iron and aluminum compounds precipitate as a voluminous sludge.铁和铝的化合物成为一种体积庞大的蓬松的游渣沉淀下来。Phrase:precipitate as 凝结成 precipitate into突然使某人物进入某种状态2.insulate'nslet tect from heat, cold, or noise by surrounding with insulat

4、ing material 使绝缘，使隔绝eg. Rubber is used to insulate electric wires. 橡皮用来给电线绝缘。place or set apart 隔离，使孤立eg. Trying to insulate herself from the chaos surrounding her. 竭力把她自己与周围的混乱隔开。Phrase:insulate against 防止,与隔绝 =separate from sth insulate from (v.+prep.)(使)与隔绝,(使)免

5、于的危害 =separate from sth so as to protect3.crust krst n.a hard outer layer that covers something硬外表，外壳eg. The crust on the snow was thick enough for us to walk on it.外层的雪已经冻硬，可以在上面行走。面包皮 eg. 1.The crust of the bread is burnt. 这块面包的外皮烤焦了。 Phrase:dry crust 干面包皮 e

6、arth crust 地壳 rice crusts 锅巴4.surge srd v. rise and move, as in waves or billows .在浪涛中或如同波浪般前进eg. The crowd surged past him. 人们从他身边涌过。rise rapidly; 急剧上升eg. The value of exports surged last year. 去年出口值激增。n. a sudden or abrupt strong increase 突然发生，激增eg.It failed

7、 to stimulate a surge of investment in industry. 这没有能刺激工业投资的激增。a sudden forceful flow 向前或向上的运动 eg. The great surge had built up in the Gulf Stream.汹涌的巨浪在墨西哥湾流形成了。Phrase:surge protector浪涌电压保护器 storm surge风暴大潮,风暴潮 surge limit波动极限Question1Indirect impacts climate change has on

8、human health include which part？Answer: Include air pollution，vector-borne disease,water quality and quantity,nutritional health and food supplies,vulnerable sectors of society made more vulnerable.Difficult sentence:Combined with storm surges,which occur when low pressure weather systems and strong

9、 onshore winds raise water levels to a meter above normal, areas that had never experienced flooding before could be at risk for flooding.5.erosion r()n n. the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it).腐蚀，侵蚀，磨损. Eg:More familiar landscapes have been s

10、culpted by surface erosion.还有更多熟悉的地貌是因地表侵蚀形成的。Phrase: 1.wind erosion 风蚀；风力侵蚀 2.erosion rate 侵蚀率6. vulnerablevlnrbl adj. (1). susceptible to attack易受攻击的，有弱点的 eg:But modern humans were more vulnerable to the cold . 但是现代人更容易受到寒冷的攻击. (2)capable of being wounded or hurt. (指人) 易受伤害的，脆弱的 eg：Lacking self-co

11、nfidence and maturity, many teenagers are left feeling very vulnerable. 许多十几岁的孩子既缺乏自信又不够懂事，所以感情上十分脆弱。 Phrase:1.vulnerable group弱势群体 2.vulnerable part 薄弱部分7. contaminatekntæmnet v.(1) make radioactive by adding radioactive material;污染 eg:All over the world, oil spills regularly contaminate coast

12、s. 在世界各地，油溢出物经常污染着海岸。 (2)make impure弄脏eg：Contaminate your bed, and you will one night suffocate in your own waste. 如果你弄脏了自己的环境,总有一天会窒息在你所丢弃的垃圾之中。 （3） 玷污 eg：We have to constantly guard our heart and not allow and contaminate us. 人生在世,必须时时刻刻保守自己的心,不让这个世界的不义玷污我们。 Phrase: contaminate environment 污染环境 8.

13、deterioratedtriret vt/vi vt.become worse or disintegrate (使破裂)使恶化eg：There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war. 人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。vi. grow worse;变坏 eg:This food will deteriorate rapidly on contact with air. 这种食物一接触到空气即迅速变坏。 Phrase:1. environment deteriorate 环境恶化 2.de

14、teriorate degree 退化程度 3.significantly deteriorate 显著恶化 Question 2 :What is the direct effect of climate change on human health? Answer: The direct effect of Climate change is it may cause extreme weather and it risk of death or injury due to floods,storms,or other disaster . Difficult sentence:Integ

15、rating climate change into existing planing processes is an effective approach to adaptation. 9.Prevail  pr'vel v盛行,流行be generally seen, done, etc.Eg:This fashion still prevails.这种式样仍在流行。获胜,占优势   gain victory; occupy a dominant positionEg:Justice has prevailed; the guilty man

16、 has been punished.正义得到伸张,罪犯受到惩罚。10.Combustionkm'bst()n n. a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light燃烧，氧化Eg:This means it can use oxygen from the atmosphere for combustion instead of carrying it on board.这意味着它可

17、以利用空气中的氧气进行燃烧，而不必随机携带氧气。11.Dramatical dr'mætik,-kl  adj.suitable to or characteristic of drama 戏剧的Eg:However, the Great Depression of  the 1930s has dramatical influences on business cycle research. 然而，30年代的大萧条对经济周期研究产生了戏剧性的影响。12. subst

18、antivesbstntv adj. being the essence or essential element of a thing.真实的； 独立的； 大量的.Eg: They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。Question 3:What could government do to protect the environment ?Answer: To protect environment, the government mus

19、t take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education.Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people mean more pollution.Finally, those who destroy

20、the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.13.Potential ptnl adj. that can develop into sth or be developed in the future 潜在的，有可能的； 语法学可能语气的，表示可能性的； 有能力的 eg: They identified six plants as having p

21、otential for development into pharmaceutical drugs.他们验明6种植物有可能提炼出药物麻醉剂。 N.(for/for doing sth)the possibility of sth happening or being developed or used 潜力，潜能； eg:There is enormous, acknowledged and untapped potential in the Indian stock markets. 印度的股票市场蕴含着巨大的、公认的、尚未挖掘出来的潜力。14.Infrastructure nfrstrk

22、t n. the basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly ,for example buildings ,transport and water and power supplies 基础设施； 基础建设eg: The infrastructure, from hotels to transport, is old and decrepit. 从宾馆到交通，所有的基础设施都已陈旧失修。15.Municipal mjunspl adj. Conne

23、cted with or belonging to a town ,city or district that has its own local government市的，市政的； 地方自治的； 都市的，市营的，市制的； 内政的 eg: The decor was reminiscent of a municipal arts-and-leisure centre. 这种布置让人想起都市里的艺术休闲中心。16.ecosystem i:kosstm n. a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with th

24、eir physical environment.生态系统. Eg:The ecosystem will be thrown out of whackwæk.生态系统将会失去平衡。Question 4:What caused climate change?Answer: It caused by human activity such as the combustion of fossil fuels and the destruction of forests which release significant volumes of greenhouse gases (GHGS)i

25、nto the atmosphere.17. acclimatizationklamt'zen n. adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment) 环境适应性 Eg:In fact, leaves may adapt to sun or shade as a result of acclimatization.由于适应性, 叶片能适应向阳或遮阴的条件。18. catastrophickætstrfk adj. extremely harmful; bringing physical or financial ruin.灾难的;惨重的，悲惨结局的 Eg:His mother's untimely death had a catastrophic effect on him.他母亲的早逝给了他沉重的打击。19. respiratory r