2021-英语语言学期末试题练习-+答案

1、英语语言学练习题I . Matchi ngMatch each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions inColu mn B.Colu mn A1.displaceme nt9.in terla p onen tial an alysis2.Ian gue10.motivati on18.con text3.suprasegme ntal feature11.arbitrari ness19.ble nding4.deep pet

2、e nee20.culture5.predicati on an alysis13.broad tran scripti on21.lear ning strategies6.idiolect14.morphology22.selecti onal restricti ons7.pidgi n15.category23.phrase structure rules8.mistakes16.errors24.culture diffusi onColu mn BA. Learners ' independsyStem of the second Ianguage, which is of

3、 neither the native Ianguage nor the sec ond Ian guage, but a con ti nuum or approximati on from his n ative Ian guage to the target Ian guage. 9B. Learner ' s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a stronignpact on his efforts n lear ning a sec ond Ian guage. 21C. The rules th

4、at specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23D. Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24E. A personal dialect of an in dividual speaker that comb ines eleme nts regarding region al, social, gen der, and age variati ons. 6F. A specia

5、l la nguage variety that mixes or ble nds Ian guages and it is used by people who speakdiffere nt Ian guages for restricted purposes such as trad ing.7G. The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- argume nts and predicates. 5H. They refer to constr

6、aints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22I. The structure formed by the XP rule in accordanee with the head ' subcategorization properties. 4J. The phon emic features that occur above the level of the segme nts. 3K. The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that g

7、overn the rule of word formatio n. 14L. The abstract lin guistic system shared by all the members of a speech com muni ty. 2M. Lan guage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the immediate situatio ns of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human Ianguage. 1N. Learner '

8、conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficie ncy. 10O. The total way of life of a people, in cludi ng the patter ns of belief, customs, objects, in stituti ons, tech niq ues, and Ian guage that characterizes the life of the huma n com muni ty. 20P. The com m

9、on kno wledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18Q. The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19R. A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular Ianguage, such as a senten ce, a noun phrase or a verb.

10、 15S. A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning comp onen ts. 17T. The ideal user ' s knowledge of the rules of his Ianguag2.U. One of the properties of human Ianguage. It means that ther

11、e is no logical connection between meanings and soun ds. 11V. A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13W. They reflect gaps in a learner' s knowledge of the target Ianguagerinibleielf 16X. They reflect occasi on al lapses in performa nee. 8n .Blank-filling.Fill in the follow

12、 ing bla nks with a word, whose in itial letter has bee n give n.1. “ A rose by any other n ame would smell as sweet. This quotati on is a good illustratio n of thean ature of Ian guage. Arbitrary2. The description of a Ianguage at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; thedescripti on

13、 of a Ian guage as it cha nges through time is a dstudy. Diachro nic3. Chomsky defines c as the ideal user ' knowledge of the rules of his Ianguage, andperforma nee the actual realizati on of this kno wledge in lin guistic com muni cati on. Compete nee4. In the product ion of vowels the air stre

14、am coming from the lungs meets with no o. Thismarks the esse ntial differe nee betwee n vowels and consonan ts. Obstruct ion5. The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments arecalled the aof the phon eme.Alloph one6. Alloph ones of the same pho neme cannot occu

15、r in the same phon etic environment. They aresaid to be in cdistributi on. Compleme ntary7. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as i.Inton ati on8. The mun it of meaning is traditi on ally called morpheme. Mi nimu

16、m9. I morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammaticalmarkers, sig nifying such con cepts as ten se, nu mber, case and so on. In flect ional10. Phrases that are formed of more tha n one word usually con tain three eleme nts: head, specifier,and c. Compleme nt11. Concerning

17、 the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct linkbetween a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning theyare lin ked through the mediati on of cin the mind. con cept12. The sense relation between “ animal and “ dog is caIIedHypony.my13

18、. Prefers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.Polysemy14. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaningthe cof use is take n into con siderati on.Con text15. Srefers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a parti

19、cular social class. Sociolect16. WHO is an aderived from the initials of“ World Health Acganyeation17. According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations.The type of Ianguage which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a r.Register18. I

20、n cross-cultural com muni cati on, some eleme nts of culture A en ter culture B and become partof culture B, thus bringing about the phe nomenon of cultural d.Diffusi on19. While the first Ianguage is acquired s, the second or foreign Ianguage is more commonlylear ned con sciously. Subc on sciously2

21、0. Language arefers to a natural ability for learning a second Ianguage. Acquisition21. Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called , which is a “vfeature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice22. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment

22、 are called sfeatures.Suprasegme ntal23. Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word f.Formati on24. The mi nimal un it of meaning is traditi on ally called m. Morpheme25. The sense relation between autumn"" and fall" is called. Synonym26. Href

23、ers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both. Homonymy27. In daily com muni cati on, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operativeprin ciple. Con versati onal iwould arise whe n

24、the maxims are flouted. Implicature28. SARS is an aderived from the initials of “ SevereAcute Respiratory Syndrome".Acro nym29. I is a pers onal dialect of an in dividual speaker that comb ines eleme nts regard ingregi on al, social, gen der, and age variati on s. Idiolect30. RP, the short form

25、 of “ RPronunciation refers to the particular way of pronouncingsta ndard En glish. Received川.Multiple choice.Choose the best an swer to the follow ing items.1. is con sidered to be the father of moder n lin guistics.A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leo nard BloomfieldD. M. A. K. Halliday2. In the s

26、cope of linguistics, form the part of Ianguage which links together the soundpatter n and meaning.A. morphology and syn taxB. pho netics and sema nticsC. sema ntics and syn taxD. morphology and sema ntics3. studies the sounds from the hearer' s pointiowtewsbein ds are perceived bythe hearer.A. a

27、uditory phon etics B. acoustic phon etics C. articulatory pho netics4. Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop ?A. godB. bossC. cockD. dogdental, voiceless fricative ?D. massageWhich of the followi ng words contains aback, ope n and unroun ded vowel.5.16

28、.17.18.19.Which of the follow ing words ends with aA. rose B. waveC. clothA. godB. bootWhich of the followi ng isA. hB. kWhich of the followi ng is A. bat, bite B. kill, pillWhich of the followi ng isA. emailB. butC. walkD. taskNot a velar sound?C.回D. ?Not a mini mal pair?C. peak, pig , D. meat, sea

29、tan ope n class words?C. the D. theyThe underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes exceptA. pai ntsB. pai nte匚C. pai nted D. pai ntingWhich of the followi ng words has more tha n three morphemes?A. psychophysicsB. boyfrie ndsC. forefather D. un desirabilityThe pair of

30、 words“ dead and alive is called.A. gradable antonyms B. relati onal opposites C. compleme ntary antonymsWhich pair of the followi ng words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?A. torch & flashlightB. die & deceaseC. amaze & asto undD. luggage & baggageX: Joh n has give n up smok

31、 ing.Y: Joh n used to smoke.The sense relati on betwee n the above senten ces isA. X en tails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonym ous with YD. X is incon siste nt with YX: My father has bee n to London.Y: My father has been to UK.The sense relati on betwee n the above senten ces isA. X en tails YB. X

32、 presupposes YC. X is synonym ous with YD. X is incon siste nt with YWhen we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our Ianguage might becomeA. impoliteB. i ncorrectC. i ndirectD. un clearAccording to Searl' s classification of speech acts, which of theowing is an instanee ofdirect

33、ives?A. I fire you!B. Your money or your life!C. I ' m sorry for the mess I have made.D. I have n ever see n the man before.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?D. bangD. acronymA. treeB. crashC. typewriterThe word “ Kodak is a(n).A. ble ndB. coined word C. clipped word3.

34、3.34.Which of the followi ng words is Not formed by means of clipping?A. memo B. motelC. quakeD. gymAccord ing to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to theof com muni cati on.A. subject B. roleC. situati onD. meansWhich of the following theories of Ianguage acquisition be

35、lieves that Ianguage learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation?.A. The behaviorist viewB. The inn atist viewC. The in teractio nist viewD. The cog nitive theoryWhich of the follow ing sentences is an example of overge neralizati on?.A. Jane told me to give up smok ing.B. Jane aske

36、d me to give up smok ing.C. Jane advised me to give up smoking.D. Jane suggested me to give up smoking.Which of the follow ing hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashe n?.A. Critical Period HypothesisB. In put HypothesisC. Lan guage Acquisiti on Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisWho among the f

37、ollowi ng lin guists put forward Co-operative Prin ciples?A. Paul GriceB. Joh n SearleC. KrashenD. LeechWhich of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?A. F. de Saussure B. N. Chomsky C. G. LeechD. M. A. K. HallidayWhen acomes to be adopted by a population as

38、 its primary Ianguage and childrenlear n it as their first Ian guage, it becomes.B. A. creole. pidgi nB. pidg in. creoleC. C. regional dialect. sociolectD. sociolect . regional dialectstudies the sounds from the speaker' s point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech orga ns to articulate

39、speech soun ds.A. Auditory phon eticsB. Acoustic phon etics C. Articulatory phon eticsWe know the verb“ put requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of puttingwords of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic characteristic is called.A. categorizat

40、i onB. subcategorizati onC. syn tactic categories D. coord in ati onWhich of the follow ing words contains a front, close and unroun ded vowel ?A. badB. bedC. beatD. butThe underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes exceptA. faster B. writer C. lovely D. conversionWhi

41、ch of the followi ng is an ope n class words?A. email B. butC. the D. theyThe pair of words borrow and lend isadled.A. gradable antonyms B. relatio nal oppositesC. compleme ntary antonymsWhich pair of the follow ing words can be categorized as collocati onal synonyms?A. torch & flashlightB. pret

42、ty & han dsome4.45.C. amaze & asto undD. luggage & baggageX: My sister will soon be divorced.Y: My sister is a married woma n.The sense relati on betwee n the above senten ces isA. X en tails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonym ous with YD. X is incon siste nt

43、with YX: Joh n married a blond heiress.Y: Joh n married a blond.The sentence relati on betwee n X and Y isA. X en tails YB. X presupposes YC. X is synonym ous with Y D. X is con tradictory with YAccording to Searl ' s classification of speech acts, wh the following isNot an instaneeof directives

44、?A. Open the win dow!B. Your money or your life!C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?D. I have n ever see n the man before.The word “ brunch is a(n).A. ble ndB. coined word C. clipped word D. acronymAccord ing to Halliday, field of discourse refers to theof com muni cati on.A. subject B. ro

45、le C. situati onD. meansThere are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix "ed" in the word "learned" isknown as a( n)A. derivati onal morphemeC. i nflectio nal morphemeWhich of the followingB. free morphemeD. free formtheories of Ianguage acquisition holds that human b

46、eings arebiologically programmed for Ianguage and that the Ianguage develops in the child just as other biological functions such as walk ing?.A. The behaviorist viewB. The inn atist viewC. The interactionist viewD. The cognitive theoryThe opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as

47、.A. glottis B. vocal cavityC. phary nxD. uvulaWhich of the follow ing hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenn eberg?A. Critical Period HypothesisB. In put HypothesisC. Lan guage Acquisiti on Device HypothesisD. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisMorphemes that represe nt ten se, nu mber, gen der and case are call

48、edmorpheme.A. in flect ionalB .free C. boundD. derivati onalThere aremorphemes in the word den ati on alizati on?A. three B. fourC. five D. six46. Language isA. in sti nctiveB. non-i nst inctiveC. staticD. gen etically tran smitted47. Pitch variati on is known aswhe n its patter ns are imposed on se

49、nten ces.A. i nto natio nB. tone C. pronun ciati onD. voice48. Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A. zB.wC.eD.v49. 21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. nB. m C. b D. p50. Which vowel is different from the others ac

50、cording to the characteristics of vowels?A. i: B. uC. eD. i51. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A. Voiceless B. VoicedC. Glottal stopD. Co nso nant52. When a child uses “ mummy to refer to any woman, most probably his “ mummy mea nsA. + HumanB. + Human + AdultC. + H

51、uman + Adult-MaleD. + Human + Adult - Male + Pare nt53. The utteranee "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week." obviously violatesthe maxim of.A. qualityB. qua ntityC. relati onD. manner54. The pair of words“ north and “ south is.A. gradable opposites B. relati onal op

52、positesC. co-hyp onymsD. synonyms55. Which of the following sentences is NOT an example of cross-association?A. other / ano therB. much / manyC. stalagmite / stalagtite D. bow / bow56. describes whether a propositi on is true or false.A. Truth B. Truth value C. Truth con ditio nD. Falsehood57. "

53、;John sent Mary a post card." is a case ofA. on e-place predicati onB. two-place predicati onC. three-place predicati on D. no-place predicati on58. "John killed Bill but Bill did n't die" is a( n)A. en tailme ntB. presuppositi onC. ano malyD. con tradict ion59. refers to the proc

54、ess whereby a word is shortened without a change in the meaningand in the part of speech.A. Ble nding B. Back-formati onC. Clipp ingD. Con vers ion60. Which of the following aspects is NOT the core of the study of general linguistics?A. sound B. structure C. meaning D. applicati onIV .True of false

55、judgment.Judge whether the following statements are true or false. Write T in the corresponding bracket for a true statement and F for a false one.1. Linguistics studies Ianguages in general, but not any particular Ianguage, e.g. English. Chin ese, Arabic, and Lati n, etc. T2. Moder n lin guistics r

56、egards the writte n Ian guage as the n atural or primary medium of huma n Ian guage. F3. In narrow transcription, we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only while in broad transcription we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. T4. By diachro nic

57、 study we mean to study the cha nges and developme nt of Ian guage. T5. Complete homonyms are ofte n brought into being by coin cide nee.T6. Of the three phonetics branches, the Iongest established one, and until recently the most highly developed, is acoustic phon etics. F7. The meaning of the word “ seal in the sentence “ theseal could not be found "cannot be determ ined uni ess the con text in which the