物流英语练习十五阅读理解练习

1、物流英语练习十五 阅读理解练习（四）(二十二)there are five transportation modesmotor, rail, air, water, and pipeline. in addition, certain modal combinations are available including railmotor specialized or lower cost services not generally available than a single transport mode. other transporters include freight forwa

2、rders shipper cooperatives parcel post, like untied parcel service and other parcel services. as transportation cost can be significant, the firm must identify and control the factors that affect these costs. in general factors influencing transportation costs can be divided into two major categorie

3、sproduct-relate factors and marker-related factors. there are factors of product-related: (1) transport distances; (2) transport linkages; (3) transport equipment, and (4) transport time. important market-related factors also affect transportation costs. the most significant ones include： (1) compet

4、ition from different carries; (2) location of markets ; (3) government regulation of transportation carries; (4) freight traffic in a region; (5) seasonality of product movements; and (6) whether the product is being transported domestically or internationally. each of these factors will affect the

5、overall transportation cost. 见p721. how many modes are there in transportation? ( )a. fourb. threec. fived. more than five2. which mode of transportation is most flexible?a. airb. ship railc. raild. motor3. how many product-related factors are there to influent the transport cost?a. fourb. threec. t

6、wod. five4. what is the most important product-related factor to the transport cost?a. linkagesb. distancesc. equipmentd. time 5. what is the most important marker-related factor to the transport cost? ( )a. location of marketb. government regulationc. competitiond. seasonality of products flow (二十三

7、)water transportation can be broken down into several distinct categories： (1)inland waterway, such as rivers and canals, (2)lakes; (3)coastal and inter-coastal ocean; (4)international deep sea. water carriage compete primarily with rail and pipeline, since the majority of commodities carried by wat

8、er carriage by nature is particularly suited for movements of heavy, bulky and low value commodities that can be loaded and unloaded efficiently by mechanical means in situations where speed is not of primary importance, where stole and where accompanying land movements are unnecessary. businesses p

9、rimarily use water movement for inbound transportation. they transport bulk materials such as iron ore grains wood products coal, limestone and petroleum internationally or domestically to point where they can be used as inputs into the manufacturing process. other than in international deep-sea tra

10、nsport, water carriers are limited in their movement by the availability of lakes, rivers, canals, or inter-coastal waterways. depending on the geographic area water carriage may account for a large share of freight movement or an insignificant amount. in the united state, for example, approximately

11、 15 percent of the total inter-city freight is moved by water. in europe, water carriage is much more important because of the vast system of navigable waterways and the accessibility to major population centers provided by water routes. in germany, waterways account for more than 30 percentage of a

12、ll freight transported and in belgium and holland the percentage is substantially higher the average length of haul varies tremendously depending on the type of water transport. for international deep-sea movements the length of haul can be many thousands of miles1. how many categories are there in

13、water transport?a. 2b. 3c. 4d. not available in the paragraph2. what are transported mainly by water?a. raw materialsb. heavy bulky and low value commoditiesc. semi-processedd. great amount goods3. what is the meaning “speed is not of primary importance”?a. speed is importantb. speed is not importan

14、tc. speed is mainly importantd. speed is not first important4. which area is the most commodities shipped in water transport?a. in international deep seab. in lakesc. in river and canalsd. coastal ocean5. how long is the haul for international deep-sea movement usually?a. very longb. ten thousands o

15、f milesc. thousands of milesd. thousands of kilometers (二十四)in practice, the terms “logistics” and “supply chain management” are now used interchangably, so the institute of logistics can give the following definitions:logistics is the time related positioning of resources, or the strategic manageme

16、nt of the total supply chain. the supply chain is a sequence of events intended to satisfy a customer. it can include procurement, manufacture, distribution and waste disposal, together with associated transport, storage and information technology. with this broad definition, logistics is inherently

17、 linked to other operations and can include-or at least affect-almost every function within an organization. this approach is consistent with the process focus adopted by many organizations, which no longer see themselves as supplying products, but as using a process to satisfy customer demand. logi

18、stics is a key part of this integrated process. the latest stage of integration in logistics is “quick response”, that evolved into “efficient customer response” (ecr). this links the separate stages of the supply chain, so that a customer buying a product from a retailer automatically sends a messa

19、ge back through the chain to trigger a response from the manufacturer and other suppliers. for example, when a customer buys a pair of jeans in clothes shop, the epos system automatically sends a message back to the wholesaler to say that the stock needs replenishing, then back to the manufacturer t

20、o say that it is time to make another pair of jeans, and back to suppliers to say that they should deliver materials to the manufacturer. this result is a focus on the consumer, the development of partner relationship between retailers and their suppliers and an increased integration of the supply c

21、hain,1. the logistics is the same as scm. is it correct?a. yesb. notc. partly samed. no mention2. there are very close relations between the logistics and scm? do you think so?a. yes, i dob. no, i dontc. they are differentd. same things3. what is the meaning of “logistics is key part of this integra

22、tion process”?a. logistics is first figure in the integration processb. logistics is the whole body to the integration processc. logistics is very important to the integration processd. logistics is core part to the integration process4. the idea of integration is not separately between the business

23、 functions. is it correct?a. yesb. notc. not total trued. i dont know5. the idea of scm is to try to reduce cost and seek the highest competition ability in the whole linkage. do you agree?a. yesb. notc. no mentiond. not enough (二十五)motor carriers transport over 75 percent of the tonnage of agricult

24、ural products, many manufactured products and consumer goods. usually an efficient motor carrier can compete with an air and rail carrier on door-to-door service for any size shipment if the distance involoved is 1,000 miles or less. this is because motor carriers realize greater efficiencies in pic

25、kup and delivery operations. motor carries are more flexibility than other modes. motor carriers can use a wide range network of roads, and transport products of carrying sizes and weights over any distance. truly, motor carriers can transport any product. their flexibility has enable them to become

26、 the dominant form of transport in the united states and in many other parts of the world. in general, motor carriage offers the customer fast reliable service with little damage or loss in transit. motor carriers give much faster than railroad and compare favorably with air carriers on short hauls.

27、 many motor carriers, particularly those involved in “just-in-time” programs, operate in a scheduled timetable. this results in very short and reliable transit time. loss and damage ratios for motor are substantially lower than for rail and are slightly higher than for air freight. no other mode can

28、 provide the market coverage offered by motor carriers. the amount of freight transported by motor carriers has steadily over the years. that trend is likely to continue in the years ahead. as long as it is able to provide fast, efficient service at rates between those offered by rail and air, the m

29、otor carriage industry will continue to prosper. 1. what are the advantages for motor transportation?a. door-to-door serviceb. fastc. flexibilityd. a and c2. how long is the economic distance for motor? a. 750 miles b. 1000kmc. 1000 miles or lessd. 200km 3. loss and damager ration for motor are lowe

30、r than any other modes. is it correct? a. yes b. depend c. not d. i dont know4 motor transport has the biggest market share in the paragraph? is it true or nor?a. yesb. notc. not cleard. no mention5 what is the meaning of “short hauls”?a. near wayb. the distance is not longc. direct lined. short roa

31、d (二十六)nowadays, everyone talks abort the logistics and it seems that the logistics is important to the city of shenzhen in the economic field. but what is the logistics? how does it operate? in the simple way, the logistics is the efficient management of the flow of goods from supplier to customer.

32、 it contains three points:1. the flow of goodsgoods is the same meaning as commodity, materials, valuable things which can be bought and sold. flow means movement. the flow of goods must be transported by truck, train, ship, even air craft. 2. the direction of the flow of goods in the market, buyers

33、 and sellers are the two sides in the deal. buyers are the customers, sellers are the suppliers. when the deal finished, suppliers should arrange the goods moved to customers, or in other way, goods transported to customers. 3. the efficient managementthe flow of goods must be in low cost, exact and

34、 on time, it cant waste customers money, energy and time. so, the flow of goods must be controlled by the hardware and software. the hardware is logistics facilities, like port, warehouse and transportation equipment. the software is information system and standardization. 1. does all movement of th

35、ings belong to the logistics?a. yesb. notc. dependd. hard to say2. the flow of goods may occur automatically. is it correct?a. yesb. sometimes yes, sometimes notc. not mentioned in the essayd. it isnt2. buyer and seller are the same side in the sales. is it true or not?a. yes b. not c. dependd. i ca

36、nt find it in the above page3. efficient is the same meaning of resource saved. it is correct or not?a. yes b. notc. not enoughd. different sense4. the logistics is a part of the service industry, or the third industry. is it a fact?a. not clear by nowb. notc. yesd. to be classified (二十八)what is the

37、 main difference between the traditional logistics and the modern one? before 1970, there was no “logistics” as the business word. transportation and storage represented the flow of goods, like raw materials in and out of factory, and so on. any truck company or warehouse was an independent unit to

38、handle the goods. recently, exactly in 1973, the great changes happened in the field. first, containerization transportation has become the most important role in the ocean transport. container as a loading and unloading unit is very convenient. before that, 10,000 tons ship should be filled in 48 h

39、ours. after the container adopter, 35,000 tons container ship can be loaded in eight hours. it is a revolution in the transportation! and more, containerization links all functions, making package, loading and unloading, transport, storage and distribution as an integration. in this point, the logis

40、tics came as a new part in the commerce. secondly, computer technology helps the logistics greatly. when the information system was introduced in logistics, we find it is very easy to operate, save us a lot of money and time. i think you have got the answer already. 1. traditional logistics is the s

41、ame as the modern one. is it true or not?a. not b. yesc. cant compared. no practical value2. what make traditional logistics upgrading modern one?a. information technology and modern shipb. container ships and trucksc. containerization and information technologyd. container and computer3. containeri

42、zation is not a revolution but a transportation method. what is your opinion?a. i agree. b. it is only a story. c. it is only a kind of technology. d. it is a real revolution to the logistics. 4. what is the meaning of integration?a. putting together. b. holding one by one. c. putting some elements

43、into a whole linkage. d. connecting two or more things. 5. what is the usage of information system to the logistics?a. to provide information. b. recording of information. c. transmitting information. d. to manage and control the operation of the logistics. (二十九)managers of forms involved in interna

44、tional markers must be aware of the different transport services, costs and availability of transport modes in the countries where they trade their products. the differences between nations can be due taxes, subsidies, regulations, government ownership of carriers, and other factors. rail service in

45、 europe is usually much better than in the united states, because equipment, track, and facilities are in better condition due to the government equipment and or subsidies of the rail system. japan and europe utilize water carriage to a much large degree than united states or canada. due to the leng

46、th and favorable characteristics of coastlines and inland waterways, water transport is a vital alternative for many shippers. many companies shipping between or within the borders of foreign countries need to thoroughly transport alternatives, costs, and services. international transportation costs generally represent a much higher fraction of merchandise value than is the case in domestic transportation. the main reasons are the longer distances involved and the need to use international transport