英语基本句型及巩固练习

1、 英语基本句型英语基本句型析与练析与练2021-10-292英语基本句型- 1主系表结构主系表结构由由主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语组成组成主要用以说明主语的主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份特征，类属，状态，身份等等系动词有系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, c

2、ome, grow. Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious. We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work. Deep water stays still.Examples:巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保

3、持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist. Children seldom keep quiet. Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.5他失业了。他失业了。 6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work. The le

4、aves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting1. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的几个特例：的几个特例：2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4. It is kind of you to say so.5. It is not easy for them

5、 to go there by bike.6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.句型1：Sobe(情态动词助动词)主语 He is a student. So am I. 他是一个学生，我也是。句型2：bothandBoth you and I are students. 我和你都是学生。句型3：neithernorNeither he nor I am a student. 我和他都不是学生。句型4：eitherorEither you or he is wrong

6、. 不是你错就是他错。句型5：Howadj.adv.主语谓语！ What aanadj.n.(主语谓语！) How cold it is today ！今天多冷啊！What a fine picture it is！多美的一幅图画呀！句型6：Whats wrong withsb.sth.？Whats wrong with you？你怎么啦？Whats wrong with your watch？ 你的手表有什么毛病？句型7: Whats the population of？Whats the population of Germany ？德国的人口有多少？句型8：Whats the weath

7、er like？Whats the weather like in spring in your hometown ？ 在你们家乡春天天气怎么样？句型9：There is no time to do （主+ have no time to do）There was no time to think.没有时间思考。I have no time to go home for lunch.句型句型1010：There is no need to do sth.There is no need to do sth.There is no need to worry the result of a te

8、st before you take it. There is no need to spend money repairing that broken bike.句型句型1010：There is no +There is no +名词名词+ +（inin）doingdoing名词主要有：use,good,sense,point等There is no use (in) trying to explain it.There is no good (in) making friends with him.There is no point (in) arguing with him furth

9、er.There is no sense worrying about the past. 是没有是没有的的句型12：be afraid（ofto dothat）Im afraid not.恐怕不能。Hes afraid to go out at night.晚上他不敢出去。Im afraid that he cant come here tomorrow. 恐怕他明天不能来这儿。Dont be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English. 当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。句型13：be famous for/asHawaii is famous

10、for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。句型14: be worth（doing）This book is worth reading.这本书值得读。句型15：be based onHis argument is based on facts.他的论断是以事实为根据的。句型16：besurethatIm sure he will succeed.我确信他会成功。HessurethathewillwintheBestActorAward.句型17：be angry with about at（doing）Were all very angry with o

11、urselves.我们都很生自己的气。I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。I was angry at being kept waiting.这样一直等我很生气。句型18： benum. meters(kilometersyears) longwidedeephigholdThe Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometers long.绿色长城长7000公里。The river is about 2 meters deep.这条河大约有2米深。The boy is

12、 about 12 years old .这个男孩约12岁。句型20：morelessadj.thanI think English is more useful than Japanese.我认为英语比日语有用。I think art is less important than music.我认为艺术不如音乐重要。句型19：seem to do seem adj./介词短语He seems to be angry.他似乎生气了。The house seems too noisy. 这房子似乎太吵了。英语基本句型-2主谓结构主谓结构由由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,

13、表示主语的动作。表示主语的动作。如：如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语（即什么样的主语）定语（即什么样的主语）谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语（如跑地快慢，来得早晚）状语（如跑地快慢，来得早晚）1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5.

14、He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。 3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化. .4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五. .四四”运动。运动。 She went home very late yesterday evening. T

15、he meeting will last two hours.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5每天八点开始上课。每天八点开始上课。 6这个重五公斤。这个重五公斤。 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 Class

16、es begin at eight every day. This box weighs five kilos. I lived in Beijing five years ago.In autumn, some birds fly to the south. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.11.会议有可能开两个半小时.12. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.13. 他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.14.

17、这里有些动物已经灭绝了.15.他通过乞讨为生.The meeting will last two and a half hours.The sleeping baby smiles.He put the books in the schoolbag , but the schoolbag disappeared.Some animals here have died out.He lives by begging16.他一直走到山边. 17. 可怜的TOM 穿得破破烂烂.18.这支笔很好写。19. 这些苹果很好卖. 20. 这种布很易洗. He walked as far as the hil

18、lside.The poor Tom dressed poorly.The pen writes smoothly.These apples sell well.This kind of cloth washes easily.英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构主谓宾结构由由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂即：很多词性的单词或者短语，从句都可以充当宾语即：很多词性的单词或者短语，从句都可以充当宾语1. Tom made a hole in the wall.2. They havent decided wh

19、ere to go next.3. She stopped teaching English two years ago.4. Mother promises to give me a present.5. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 6. It took them ten years to build the dam.巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那

20、位先生能流利地说三种语言。 I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个

21、诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？ I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say.Do you mind my opening the window?“主语主语 + 谓语谓语 + 间接宾语间接宾语 + 直接宾语直接宾语”及物动词及物动词人人事物事物He brings me co

22、okies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.英语基本句型英语基本句型-4 双宾语结构双宾语结构若若先说直宾（事物）先说直宾（事物）后说间宾后说间宾（人）则要借助介词（人）则要借助介词to或或for He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.toto侧重指动作方向，表示侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人某人for for 侧重指动作受益者，侧重指动作受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人常跟双宾语的动词有：常跟双宾语的动词

23、有：需借助需借助to的：的：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等等需借助需借助for的：的：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等等TIP:记忆时按短语组合短语组合来记忆如: give sb. sth. / give sth. to sb.buy sb. Sth. / buy sth. for sb.1Johnson 先生去年教我们德

24、语。先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。 巩固练习巩固练习Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ 6新

25、式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。The new machine will save you a lot of labour. He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.Shall I call you a taxi? 英语基本句型英语基本句型- 5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语宾语与宾语补足语之间有宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主

26、谓关系或主表逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系关系若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整可用做宾补的有：可用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等词等 The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾补的做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾补的后面后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的方式。，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的方式。即：即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。I found it very pleasant to be with your family.此类动词常见的有：此类动词常见的有：feel, think, make, find, consider等等此时宾补多为此时宾补多为adj.形容词形容词巩固练习：巩固练习：我们叫她我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是