英语句子的成分

1、英语句子的成分 一、英语的词性 1、实词：名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词、数词 2、虚词：冠词、介词、连词、感叹词 二、成分 1、主要成分：主语、谓语 2、次要成分：宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语、同位语 三、各种成分的应用 1、主语：做主语的为：名词、代词、数词、名词性物主代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词及主语从句。 例如：1、This book is mine. 2、I teach English . 3、Two and two make four . 4、thats his book , mine is here. The old are taken good care of in

2、the nursery. To learn English well is very important. Fishing is my favorite . When and where we are going to have our meeting is not decided. 2、谓语：说明主语所做的动作和具有的特征与状态。 由实意动词与系动词表示，系动词与表语一起构成谓语。 He enjoy listening to music . He has gone to Beijing . We are students . 3、表语：说明主语的身份、特征和状态。它位于系动词（be /bec

3、ome/get/grow/turn/seem/go /come感官动词的系动词look/ sound/feel/smell/taste）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、 数词、不定式、动名词、副词、介词短语与及表语从句。 Our English teacher is an American . This book is his The days are getting colder and colder . The class is over . The machine must be out of order . His job is to teach English . The tru

4、th is that he has never been abroad. 4、宾语 宾语表示动作的对象和承受者，一般位于及物动词与介词的后面。作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句。 I met him at the station yesterday . I want to go to the park this weekend . He enjoys listening to music. Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun . Three times three makes nine . 注：双宾语

5、的用法 有些动词后有两个宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。 He gave me a book yesterday . My father bought me a new bike last week . 五、宾语补足语 英语句子中，有些动词除过有一个宾语外，还需一个补足语才能将动词的意思表达清楚，整个句子才能完整，这个词就是补足语。宾语补足语可为：名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词（现在分词与过去分词、介词短语及从句。 His father named him Lidong . We often pain the wall white . Open the window and let the

6、 fresh air in . You mustnt force him to lend his money to you . We can see the children playing on the play-ground. We find everything in order . We will soon make our city what your city looks like now . 六、同位语 同位语用来修饰句子的主语和宾语，常可用：名词、形容词、代词及从句。 All the people, young or old ,men and women, like watch

7、ing the football match. Mr wang ,our English teacher, is our good friend . Give the letter to your father himself ,please. I will do it myself . The news that China has succeeded launching shengzhou 11 excited us . 七、定语 修饰名词，常可为：名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式 动名词、分词及从句。 a tea cup Xian is a beautiful city . Ch

8、ina is a developing country, while American is a developed country . His rapid progress in English made us surprised . Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom . The teaching plan for next term has been worked out . The man who is talking with my father is my headteacher. 八、状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子，说明动作、状态特征及伴随情况。 作状语的有：名词、副词、介词短语、形容词、分词及从句等。 Light travels most quickly . He has lived in the city for 20 years .