猪肺炎支原体的免疫时机及疫苗的选择

1、123nFirst isolated from pig lungs in 1965n1965年首次在猪肺脏中分离nOne of the most common and economically important diseasesn最普遍和经济意义重大的疾病之一nA complex interaction between M. hyo and other bacterial and viral infections, and poor management and ventilation.n主要损失是支原体和其它细菌病毒的混合感染、饲养管理不善、通风不良等综合因素所致。4nOne of the

2、 primary pathogens causing Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC)n引起PRDC 的原发病原之一nAffects as many as 99% of U.S. herdsn99的美国猪群都有感染nWorld-wide significancen世界范围内养猪生产中流行5nEconomic effects are extremely variable between herds. n不同猪群的经济影响差异较大nDependent on cost of inputs, price of pigs, other diseases

3、, etc.n取决于投入的成本、猪价、其它疾病的情况等。nA MOVING TARGET.6nReduced average daily gain (ADG)n降低日增重nReduced feed efficiency (FE)n降低饲料报酬nIncreased medication costsn增加药物成本nIncreased cull or light-weight pigsn增加淘汰或低体重的猪nEtc.78nM. hyo decreased growth rate 12.7% and decreased feed efficiency by 13.8% (Pointon, et al,

4、1985)n肺炎支原体可降低生长率12.7%和饲料报酬13.8%9nTransmission between pigs: aerosol and direct contactn猪之间传播途径：空气和直接接触nTransmission between farms: movement of infected pigs n猪场之间传播方式：感染猪的移动nAerosol between farms: Britain 3.2 kmn猪场之间传播距离：3.2公里10Clinical signs include:临床症状nchronic cough (often dry or nonproductive)n

5、慢性咳嗽（通常是干咳）nhigh morbidity and low mortalityn高发病率和低死亡率nuneven groups of pigsn猪群内生长不整齐11nPeak prevalence in Finisher because of:n在育肥期多发的原因：nLong incubation period：潜伏期长nSlow spread传播缓慢nIncreased animal density养殖密度加大nPresence of other organisms其他致病菌的出现12nM. hyo colonizes cilia of trachea and bronchi.pa

6、ralyzing then tangling, splitting and breaking cilia.reducing normal function of mucociliary apparatus.n支原体定植在气管和支气管纤毛上，导致纤毛缠绕折断、脱落，从而降低了粘液纤毛的正常功能。Only attaches to tracheobronchial cilia141516nThere is also evidence of impaired Alveolar macrophage function (Caruso and Ross, 1990)n破坏肺泡巨嗜细胞的功能 1718Sec

7、ondary bacterial infections:继发细菌感染nPasteurella multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌nActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae胸膜肺炎放线杆菌nStreptococcus suis链球菌nHaemophilus parasuis副嗜血杆菌 Generally seen as respiratory distress or “thumping”19nThere are also interactions with several viruses including Swine Influenza Virus, Pseudorabie

8、s (PRV), PRRS，PCVIIn还和几种病毒相互作用，其中包括猪流感病毒、伪狂犬病毒、蓝耳病病毒、圆环病毒II型20212223nMedication药物nManagement管理nVaccination免疫24nAntibiotics have shown mixed results in field conditions and are used mostly to control secondary infections.n田间条件下，抗生素的效果表现不一，主要用于控制继发感染。25nLincomycin: results inconsistentn林可霉素nTiamulin:

9、results inconsistentn支原净nQuinolones: show some promisen喹喏酮类nFlorfenicol: shows some promisen纽弗罗nAivlosin: results are goodn爱乐新26nOne problem with any medication program is that once the medication is removedthe disease can begin to cause problems again.n一旦停药，疾病复发27Management factors are important管理十

10、分重要nAll-in/all-out production is probably the single most important management techniquen全进全出是最好的管理方式nNo more than 3 weeks spread in agen年龄差距不要超过3周nMedicated Early Weaning (MEW) has been shown to help control the MPS diseasen早期药物断奶有一定帮助28Management factors (continued)nSegregated Early Weaning (SEW)

11、has shown meritn早期隔离断奶也有一定好处nVaccination免疫nOptimize density and proper ventilationn合理化密度，保持良好通风29Key to an effective program to control PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex) is an effective M. hyo vaccine控制PRDC有效措施的关键是使用有效的支原体疫苗30nBecause the exact antigenic epitopes responsible for immunity ar

12、e not well understood, whole-cell vaccines are best.n因为还不清楚决定免疫力的具体抗原决定部位，所以全细胞疫苗是最好的。31nM+Pac preserves 15 proteinsn安百克保留了15种抗原蛋白nProduct A preserves 11 proteinsnA产品保留了11种抗原蛋白nProducts B and C preserve 8 proteinsnB和C产品保留了8种抗原蛋白3233nAlso, because long-lasting immunity is important, it is our belief

13、that an effective M. hyo vaccine should have an improved oil adjuvant.n此外，长久免疫力是重要的，良好的油佐剂是支原体疫苗必须的。3435nAluminum Hydroxide (AH)氢氧化铝nWater-in-oil (W/O)油包水nOil-in-water (O/W)水包油36nLow viscosity粘度低nMild to no reactions温和无刺激nImmediate response免疫反应迅速nShort-lived immunity免疫期短37nMore oil = more viscosity粘

14、度高nMore irritation刺激大nMore pain疼痛nMore stress应激大38nMore modern最新型nAt least as effective as W/O与油包水效果相同nLess oil = lower viscosity低粘度nLess irritation刺激小nLess pain疼痛少nLess stress (pigs and people)应激小39nM+PAC SPAH O/W+AHnRespisure Pfizer O/W,Lecithin卵磷脂nRespifend Fort Dodge AHnIngelvac MH Nobl/BI W/OnP

15、orcilis Intervet AHnHyoresp Merial AH4041nReduced lung lesionsnLess coughingnHigher antibody titersnHigher cell-mediated immunitynExclusive Emunade adjuvantn1 ml administration42nThe key to M+Pacs superior performancen安百克优良性能的关键nFaster acting, longer lastingn速效、长效nExcellent syringeabilityn良好的通针性43nA

16、luminum Hydroxide plus Oil-in watern氢氧化铝水包油nFast acting速效nLong lasting长效nStimulates strong cell-mediated immunityn刺激坚强的细胞介导免疫力4445464748nTiming (Later is better?)时机nOne-dose vs. Two-dose一针还是二针nSow Vaccination母猪免疫49nLater is Better.Why?n越晚越好nMaternal Antibody Interferencen母源抗体干扰nProtection needs to l

17、ast for entire finishing periodn保护力需要持续整个育肥期505.95.818.8005101520% of lung lesions4 weeks6 weeksNonvaccNon-Chall* Significantly lower than nonvaccinated, P 3rd Parity sowsn经产3次的母猪抗体滴度下降。nDecreased Sow to Pig Shedding?n能减少母猪对仔猪的散毒吗？56nIf sow herd is vaccinated, especially pre-farrowing, then it is ev

18、en more important to vaccinate pigs later.n如果母猪免疫，尤其在产前免疫，仔猪则免疫更嘉推迟。57Convenient dosage schedule方便的剂量n1 ml dose at 7-to-10 days of age or older.n首免1毫升710日龄以上nRevaccinate with 1 ml dose 2 weeks after initial vaccination.n在首免2周后，二免1毫升nRevaccinate with a single 1 ml dose annually.n每年加强免疫1毫升58nVaccination schedule also can be done according to farms M. hyo situation:n免疫程序也需根据猪场的肺炎支原体发生状况来决定。n stage of M. hyo outbreaks and time for vaccination: n肺炎支原体爆发阶段和免疫时机 nursery