专八人文知识 (2)

1、专八专八 人文知人文知识识人文知识（人文知识（General KnowledgeGeneral Knowledge）分值分布如下：分值分布如下：1 1英语国家概况英语国家概况 4 4分分 （主要英语国家的地理、历史、政治、文化传统等）（主要英语国家的地理、历史、政治、文化传统等）2 2英美文学知识英美文学知识 3 3分分3 3语言学语言学 3 3分分英语国家概况countrycapital1st citynativespresidential termUKLondonLondon5USAWashingtonNew York4CanadaOttawaToronto5New ZealandWell

2、ingtonAucklandMaoris3AustraliaCanberraSydneyAborigine3IrelandDublinRegions in the UKCapitalEnglandLondonScotlandEdingburghWalesCardiffNorthern IrelandBelfastThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandFor Canada, New Zealand and Australia:Head of the state: Monarch of the U.K.Its power i

3、s represented by Governor-general.the history of BritainCelt tribesRoman ConquestAnglo-Saxons (Germanic tribes) JutesNorman Conquest英国文学分为六个时期：1.Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英国文学时期2. The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期3. The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期4. The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期5. The Victorian

4、 Period 维多利亚时期6. The Modern Period 现代时期English and American Literature美国文学分为四个时期:1. The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命前后的文学时期2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义时期3. American Realism 美国现实主义文学时期4. American Modernism 美国现代主义文学时期Linguistics语言的特征：Arbitrariness 任意性Duality 二重性Creativity 创造

5、性Displacement 移位性Socialinguistics - study of language and societyPsycholinguistics- studyof language and mindLinguistics语言的功能：Informative InterpersonalPerformativeDirective Emotive1. Phonetics语音学 2. Phonology音位学 3. Morphology形态学 the study of word structure Morpheme词素: the smallest unit of language4.

6、 Syntax 句法学 the study of sentence structure5. Semantics语义学 the study of meaning6. Pragmatics语用学 the study of language in useCore of LinguisticsThe study of sound1. Prescriptive & Descriptive2. Competence & Performance3. Langue & Parole4. Synchronic & Diachronic语言学上几个重要的对比语言学上几个重要的对比：

7、Speech Act Theory 言语行为理论 locutionary act 言语行为illocutionary act 施事行为perlocutionary act 取效行为Speaking sth. is doing sth.1. Synonymy 同义同义2. Antonymy 反义反义3. Polysemy 一词多义一词多义 如：如：wood 树木，树木，woods小树林小树林4. Homonymy 同音（同形）异义同音（同形）异义 如：如：fine 好，罚款；好，罚款；night & knight 5. Hyponymy上下义关系，指意义包含关系，一个上上下义关系，指意义

8、包含关系，一个上义词一般会有许多下义词，如：义词一般会有许多下义词，如：flower-violet。几组词义区别几组词义区别 Homonymy 同音（同形）异义 Homophones 同音异义词 flower & flour Homographs 同形异义词 tear(n.) & tear(v.)几组词义区别几组词义区别1. Acronym 首字母缩写 如： APEC2. Blending 缩合 如：motel motor + hotel3. Clipping 截短如：dorm（dormitory） exam（examination）4. Coinage 新生词，如： Xero

9、x几种构词法：1. Which of the following is the French-speaking city in Canada?A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. Toronto2014年专八人文知识真题：C2. Which of the following are natives of New Zealand?A. The MaorisB. The AboriginalsC. The Red IndiansD. The Eskimos2014年专八人文知识真题：A3. The established or national church in

10、England is _?A. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. the United Reformed ChurchC. the Anglican ChurchD. the Methodist Church2014年专八人文知识真题：C4. The thirteen former British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain in _?A. 1774B. 1775C. 1776D. 17772014年专八人文知识真题：C5. Grace under pressure

11、is an outstanding virtue of _ heros?A. Scott FitageraldsB. Ernest HemingwaysC. William FaulknersD. Eugene O Neills2014年专八人文知识真题：6. Widowers House was written by_?A. John GalsworthyB. George Bernard ShawC. William Bulter YeatsD. T.S. Eliot2014年专八人文知识真题：7. Who wrote The Canterbury Tales?A. Geoffrey Ch

12、aucerB. William ShakespeareC. John DonneD. William Blake2014年专八人文知识真题：8. Which of the following pairs of words are homophones?A. wind (v.) / wind (n.)B. suspect (v.) / suspect (n.)C. convict (v.) / convict (n.)D. bare (adj.) / bear (n.)2014年专八人文知识真题：D9. Which of the following sentence has the S + V

13、+ O structure?A. He died a hero.B. I went to London.C. Mary enjoyed parties.D. She became angry.2014年专八人文知识真题：C10. Which of the following CANNOT be used as an adverbial?A. The lions share.B. Heart and soul.C. Null and void.D. Hammer and tongs.2014年专八人文知识真题：A1.Which party is in power now in the UK?A.

14、 The Conservative PartyB. The Labour PartyC. The Liberal DemocratsD. The Scottish National Party2015年专八人文知识真题：A2. Which of the following lakes does Canada share with the United States?A. Lake WinnipegB. The Great Slave LakeC. The Great Bear LakeD. The five Great Lakes2015年专八人文知识真题：D3. U.S. senators

15、serve for _ years after they are elected.?A. fourB. sixC. threeD. two2015年专八人文知识真题：B4. Who were the natives of Australia before the arrival of the British settlers?A. The EskimosB. The MaoriC. The IndiansD. The Aborigines2015年专八人文知识真题：D35. _ is best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in h

16、is poems. A. Robert Browning B. W. B. Yeats C. William Blake D. William Wordsworth 2015年专八人文知识真题：A36. Which of the following is a contemporary British poet? A. Ted Hughes. B. William Wordsworth. C. E. E. Cummings. D. Carl Sandburg. 2015年专八人文知识真题：A37. Who was the author of Moby-Dick? A. Nathaniel Hawthorne. B. Ralph Waldo Emerson. C. Herman Melville. D. Washington Irving. 2015年专八人文知识真题：C38. The words “tennis, badminton, golf, basketball and football constitute a _ field. A. semantic B. connotative C. concep