高中定语从句课件一

1、语法讲解语法讲解 定语从句定语从句（the attributive clause） 被定语从句限定的词是被定语从句限定的词是_ ，引导定语，引导定语从句的词叫做从句的词叫做 _ 或或 _。 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接连接（连接定语从句和主句）、（连接定语从句和主句）、替代替代（替代前面的（替代前面的先行词）、先行词）、成分成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。句子成分）。在复合句中，在复合句中，充当充当_ 用的从句是定语从句用的从句是定语从句 “先行词先行词”“关系代词关系代词” “关系副词关系副词”形容词形容词 一一.

2、定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的引导的修饰修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫被修饰的词叫先行词先行词。The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词 二二. 关系词的分类关系词的分类关系代词关系代词 2. 关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中关系代词在定语从句中作主语作主语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和定语定语，常用的关

3、系代词有：，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose关系副词在定语从句中作关系副词在定语从句中作状语状语，常用的关系副，常用的关系副词有：词有：when, where, why三三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语表语whose人或物人或物定语定语 who指指人人,在定语从句中作在定语从句中作主语

4、或宾语主语或宾语。作宾。作宾语时，可省略。语时，可省略。The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人, ,在定语从句中作宾语，可省在定语从句中作宾语，可省略略。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. which 指指物物，在定语从句中，在定语从句中作主语或宾作主语或宾语语。作宾语时，可省略。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year.Th

5、is recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. He is the man (that) I told you about.that 指指人或物人或物，在定语从句中，在定语从句中作主语，宾作主语，宾语或表语语或表语。作宾语时，可省略。作宾语时，可省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.whose指指人或物人或物, 在定语从句中作在定语从句中作定语定语 。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl wh

6、ose parents were killed in the great earthquake.仔细看下表仔细看下表关系代词关系代词 指代的先指代的先行词行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主语、宾语主语、宾语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主语、宾语主语、宾语that人或物人或物主语、宾语、主语、宾语、表语表语whose人或物人或物定语定语想一想1. 当which和that都在定语从句中指代物时，如何选择？ 2. 当who和that都在定语从句中指代人时，如何选择？ 3. 特别注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题2. 关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1) that和和which都可

7、以指物，但以下都可以指物，但以下5种情况种情况只能用只能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词中有人又有物时。如：当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如：等时。如：This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被当先行词被only, just, v

8、ery, right, last等等修饰时。如：修饰时。如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days.当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.注：注：在定语从句中在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时当先行词指物时,

9、只能用只能用which而不能而不能用用that 的情况：的情况： 在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。（既（既that前面不加介词）前面不加介词）This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live. Which 可引导非限制性定语从句，可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。则不能。（既（既逗号后面不用逗号后面不用That）She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(2) that和和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，都可以指人，但下

10、面两种情况，多用多用who。先行词为先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如：等时。如：All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those, he和和people时。如：时。如：Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：的人称和数必须与先行词

11、保持一致。如：Those who are against the plan put up your hands.注意：注意：Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.注意：注意：Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.巩固记忆巩固记忆1.定语从句的概念？定语从句的概念？2.引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词3.That和和which引导定语从句的选择引导定语从句的选择4. who和

12、和which引导定语从句的选择引导定语从句的选择1.The girl _is standing who/that巩固练习巩固练习 1：适当的关系词填空：适当的关系词填空四四. 关系副词关系副词when, where和和why的用法的用法关系副词关系副词指代的先行词指代的先行词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分when表时间的名词表时间的名词/名词词组名词词组时间状语时间状语where表地点的名词表地点的名词/名词词组名词词组地点状语地点状语why表原因的名词表原因的名词原因状语原因状语用关系副词用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，时，先行词指时间，when在定在定语从句中作时间状语，语从句中作时间状

13、语，when可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.1. when用关系副词用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，时，先行词指地点，where在定在定语从句中作地点状语，语从句中作地点状语，where可换成可换成“介词介词+关系关系代词代词”。如：。如：This is the farm where (= on w

14、hich) we worked when we were young.The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.2. where用关系副词用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，时，先行词指原因，why在定语在定语从句中作原因状语，从句中作原因状语，why可换成可换成“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”。如：。如：There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.Tom couldnt give the

15、teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.3. why1. 找出先行词找出先行词2. 看先行词看先行词/关系词在从句中所做的成分。关系词在从句中所做的成分。1). 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)2). 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，地点状语，when 时间状语，时间状语，why 原因状原因状语语) 。3. 在选完关系词后带入

16、验证（把关系词还原到从在选完关系词后带入验证（把关系词还原到从句中）句中） 判定用判定用“关代关代”还是还是“关副关副” 步骤：步骤：I know a place where we can play basketball. 我知道一个可以打球的地方2. I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方1. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度假的

17、日子。2. I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。1.This is the reason why he was dismissed. 这就是他被解雇的原因。2. This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. 这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。对比练习：用适当的关系词填空对比练习：用适当的关系词填空1. The room _ he once live

18、d is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.where/in which(that/which)2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.when/on which(that/which) The reason _ I dont know is known to him.(that/which)why/for which3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time. 高考链接高考链接（2011江苏卷）江苏卷）24. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.WhenB. WhereC. thatD. which(全国全国I 24).As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is n