构词法在语法填空中的应用公开课

1、语法填空的考查范围：语法填空的考查范围：1 语境语境(上下文）；上下文）；2 语法：语法：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及副词的比较级最高级及构词法构词法、倒装等、倒装等。 英语构词法主要有三种方法。 派生（派生（derivation） 合成（compound） 转换（conversion）三种构词法三种构词法: : 1.派生派生(derivation): 2.合成合成(compounding): 3.转

2、化转化(conversion) 通过加通过加前缀前缀或或后缀后缀构成另外一个词构成另外一个词: eg. happy- unhappy ( 加前缀加前缀) happy- happiness ( 加后缀加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. wood( 木木)+ cut( 刻刻)-woodcut( 木刻木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水水 - water ( v.)浇水浇水三个词语的含义：三个词语的含义：词根：词根：词缀：词缀：词类词类：构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。前缀；后缀前

3、缀；后缀十大词类十大词类派生法派生法 派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。 前前 缀缀 例例 词词 dis- disappear un- unknown in- indirect (常用在常用在adj.后后)

4、 im-impossible(用在用在b,p,m 开头前开头前) ir- irregularab- abnormal il- illegalmis-misunderstandnon- nonsmoker(否定否定)(不不)(不不)（不）（不）(误误)(非非)(不不,非非)（不（不)（不）（不） 前前 缀缀 例例 词词 a-构成形容词构成形容词,副词副词asleep, alone,abroad over- oversleep inter- international re-recover en- enrich过度过度相互相互再，又再，又使使 后后 缀缀 例例 词词名词 -er;- or;-ee

5、. 者者 employer,actor,employee -ess 女的女的waitress, hotess -ese . 地方的人地方的人chinese, japanese -ian 精通精通的人的人, 地方人地方人musician, russian -ist 专业人员专业人员 pianist -ment 性质性质,状态；运动、状态；运动、结果结果movement - ness 性质性质, 状态状态kindness -tion 表示动作表示动作,过程过程,结果结果 suggestion形容词后缀形容词后缀: : - al ; an ; ern; -ble ; ish ; ive; y; -f

6、ul ; - less 表示具有表示具有的性质的性质, 或与或与有关有关 e.g. practical , american, southern , possible, foolish, native, rainy, careless，careful动词后缀动词后缀: : -fy (使使化化) ; -ize (使使成为成为) ; en(使使） e.g. satisfy , beautify; realize , symbolize, deepen, lengthen 副词后缀: - ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s) 表示方向 : westwards

7、数词后缀:- teen 十 fourteen-ty整十位数 forty -th序数词 fifth practice1 mr chen has taught me english since junior 1, and to show my (appreciate) i decided to get her a present. (广州一模)2. (fortunate), i then noticed that i had just10 minutes to complete the rest. (广州二模) 3. some people were now waiting for her ser

8、vice and the waitress grew a bit_ (patience). （深一模）4. “thirty-five cents,” she said (rude). （深一模） appreciation fortunately impatient rudely 一一. 用所给单词的正确形式填空用所给单词的正确形式填空5. i must know how to care for others and try not to (understand) them. (惠州一模)6. you have done well and made great achievement in th

9、e (entertain) field. (惠一模)7. these people have made great _ (contribute) to china with their work.（茂名二模）8the storm damaged several_ (new) built buildings,(梅州二模)misunderstandentertainment contributions newly 9numerous studies have shown that free play is very (benefit). it can help children become cr

10、eative(四校联考)10. they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _ (excite) football match. （东莞一模）beneficialexcitingsum up:1.给出给出动词动词排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑考虑其其否定词否定词（dis- /mis），），名词名词（-ment/ ation /-er等表身份人物的后缀等表身份人物的后缀），），形容词形容词（-able /-ed /-ing ) 2.

11、给出给出名词名词形容词形容词（ 常考常考cet，天气类常加，天气类常加-y，或者考或者考-ful/-less等等）3.给出给出形容词形容词比较级，最高级，副词比较级，最高级，副词（修饰（修饰adj / verb / sentence），），名词名词（情感类常加（情感类常加-ness）4.两个两个en含有使动用法含有使动用法: en - （enrich) -en (widen)5.注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。据语境来判断。 二、语篇填空二、语篇

12、填空 使用括号中词语的正确形式填空使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。（以考查词语派生为主）。 the raconteurs (虎烂乐队虎烂乐队)make music that lives up to the bands name. the word “raconteur” describes a person who is 1 _ (skill) at telling stories. the band members describe 2 _ (them) as a new band made up of old friends. all the band members

13、have founded music careers by doing other projects. but they decided to come together as a band to try something 3_ (difference). skillfulthemselvesdifferent the lead 4 _ (sing) of the raconteurs may sound familiar. jack white is also a member of the band 5 _ (call) the white stripes（白色条纹乐队）（白色条纹乐队）

14、. the raconteurs also include the songwriter and guitarist brendan benson. these 6 _ (music) had performed together over the years. but in 2005, they decided to play together 7 _ (official) as the raconteurs.singercalledmusiciansofficially the raconteurs 8 _ (late) album is called “consolers of the lonely.” the band released the album in an 9 _ (usually) way. they 10_ (announce) their new album only a week before it went on sale to avoid the usual publicity created by critics(评论家评论家). latestunusualannounced注意注意1.在做语法填空时，一