初中英语语法—非谓语动词PPT课件

1、第1页/共73页非谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。We should serve the people heart and soul.I am reading a novel.She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.Please stop speaking.（谓语） （谓语）（状语）（主语和表语） （宾语）第2页/共73页1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。 2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 The Party c

2、alled on us to serve the people .The students ran out of the classroom, laughing happily .第3页/共73页第4页/共73页第5页/共73页第6页/共73页喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习习第7页/共73页 miss doing sth. suggest doing sth. keep (on) doing sth. mind doing sth. be worth doing sth. consider doing sth. 错过建议保持介意值得考虑第8页/共73页 be

3、 good at doing sth be interested in doing sth. be used for doing sth. thank sb. for doing sth. be tired of doing sth. be afraid of doing sth. 第9页/共73页put off doing 推迟做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What How about doing 做某

4、事怎么样?第10页/共73页 look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing（做贡献）第11页/共73页not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep_u

5、ntil we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying 第12页/共73页第13页/共73页第14页/共73页 基本形式： to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to） 特点 ： A .没有人称和数的变化C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词）B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语 第15页/共73页A、作主语，如:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = Its not easy to learn a foreign language.注意2:不定式的逻辑主语

6、： 不定式不能单独做谓语，因此没有语法上的主语，但可以有意义上的逻辑主语。 I promised Tom to play with him.I asked him to play with me. （to play的逻辑主语是I）（to play的逻辑主语是him） 注意3:同一句型中不同介词的不同含义It is + adj + for sb to do sthIt is + adj + of sb to do sth（for 引出动作发出者）（of 引出adj修饰的对象）第16页/共73页It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It

7、 is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, foolish, careless, stupid, naughty (淘气的), polite, impolite,silly, brave, honest, n

8、oble，right, rude等 You are very kind to give me some help.you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.第17页/共73页The important thing is to finish the work on time . 常见动词有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan 等I dont know what to do .I find it important to learn English.第18页/共73页 只能接不定式作宾语

9、的动词只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：口诀：第19页/共73页 决定想做计划需要同意，能做用来做的决定想做计划需要同意，能做用来做的事事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 wantwould like to do sth. 想做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事 use to do 用来做第20页/共73页 cant wait to do make up ones mind to do used to do fail to do 第21页/共73

10、页动词 + 宾语 +to do 动词 + 宾语 + do Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg, invite,warn, allow,encourage,advise 等。(不带 to 的不定式) 注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make,let.第22页/共73页第23页/共73页 请求某人做某事 命令某人做某事第24页/共73页 want sb. to do

11、 sth. 想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 第25页/共73页 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事第26页/共7

12、3页E、作状语：可以表目的、表结果、表原因I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there . To look at him，you would like him (目的) (原因) (结果) (条件) I have some books for you to read. 注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a roo

13、m to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with 第27页/共73页G G、He didnt know what to say.My question is when to startHow to solve the problem is very important (宾语)(表语) （主语） 注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?第28页/共73页1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾

14、补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to, I always saw her play violin .He was made to work 12hours a day.第29页/共73页 动词不定式动词不定式省略省略toto的情况的情况: :第30页/共73页感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel第31页/共73页see sb. doing/ do sth.hear sb. doing/ do sth.watch sb. doing/ do sth.notice sb. doing/ do sth.第

15、32页/共73页第33页/共73页stop to do停下来去做另一件事，stop doing停止正在做的某事。他们停下来吸烟。 They stop to smoke.我必须戒烟了 I must stop smoking.第34页/共73页forget doing/to do 第35页/共73页remember doing/to do第36页/共73页go on doing/to dogo on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事，go on doing继续做原来做的事。After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics

16、.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。Go on doing other exercises after you have finished this one.做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习第37页/共73页try doing/ to do sth.try to do sth. 努力, 尽力做某事Although maths is difficult, I will try to study it .try doing sth. 试着做某事The machine couldnt work. Lets try repairing it.第38页/共73页第39页/共73页3、不定式修饰的名词或代词和不

17、定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。 Have you got a key to unlock the door? (A key unlocks the door)4、不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。 I have got a letter to write (I write a letter) He needs a room to live in (He lives in a room) 第40页/共73页5、不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们

18、往往认为形容词后省去了for one或for people He is hard to talk to The book is difficult to understand 第41页/共73页第42页/共73页 1. 现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。例如： The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如 ： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outsi

19、de not to make too much noise.第43页/共73页 第44页/共73页the excited people 第45页/共73页第46页/共73页2、作表语时分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。 第47页/共73页1. -How did Bob do in the exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with

20、 his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please2. -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . Excitedly D . exciting 简析：简析：首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表待选部分在句中应作表语。因为语。因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据再根据 his father 对于动词对于动词 please 来说应是被

21、动关系来说应是被动关系, 即这个结即这个结果使他的父亲高兴果使他的父亲高兴; 换言之换言之, 他的父亲因为受到这个结他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应该题应选选C。简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 第48页/共73页3、作宾语补足语时第49页/共73页第50页/共73页第51页/共73页1.I didnt spend al the money _(buy) the books.2. Do you have anything _(say) at the meeting?3. Yesterday I saw a wallet _(lie)

22、on the ground .4.The man ran out _(see) what was wrong .5. She was often heard _(sing) in English.6. Stop _(read), please.Ive something to tell you .7. The boy _(call) Li Hua in the room is his brother.buyingto saylying to see to singreadingcalled第52页/共73页8. The girl _(stand) under the tree is my cousin Kate.9. Books _ (write) in easy English are very popular amo