宾语从句PPT课件

1、 1什么是宾语i like my teacher.（名词作宾语（名词作宾语)i enjoy playing basketball.(动名词作宾语）动名词作宾语）i decide to study hard.（不定式作宾语）（不定式作宾语）i know him .（代词作宾语）（代词作宾语）宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。2 我们我们 知道知道 姚明姚明we know yao ming 我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名

2、的篮球运动员we know宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。宾语，并有一个连接词引导。 一 什么 是宾语从句？宾宾o o宾宾o o主主s s 谓谓v vhe is a famous basketball player主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o othat连接词连接词我们我们 知道知道 他他是是一个著名的篮球运动员一个著名的篮球运动员谓谓v v主主s s3宾语从句三要点宾语从句三要点一、语序一、语序二、引导词二、引导词三、时态三、时态4有哪些句子可以做宾语？有哪些句子可以做宾语？n1.陈述句nhe is a famous basketb

3、all player.n2.一般疑问句nwill our teachers attend the meeting ？n3.特殊疑问句nwhich coat did you prefer?5my name ismy favorite sport isi ami speak/have/likei can playare you?can you play?do you do?where are you? what can you do? how do you do?陈陈述述句句-一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句结构比较结构比较_ + _ + _主语主语谓语谓语.?_ +_ + _特殊特殊疑问

4、词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句 be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词_ / _ /_+ _ +_主语主语谓语谓语?6陈述句陈述句一般一般疑问疑问句句特殊特殊疑问疑问句句_+ _ + _ 结构比较结构比较be情态动词情态动词助动词助动词主语主语谓语谓语_ + _ + _ .主语主语?_ +_+ _特殊特殊疑问词疑问词一般一般疑问句疑问句? ?_ + _ + _ 主语主语?_ +_ + _主语主语结论结论:陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句陈述句和疑问句最本质的区别是陈述句中的中的be动词动词, 情态动词情态动词 ,助动词在主语后助动词在主语后,而而在疑问句中在疑问句中,它们则在主语前它们则在主语前7句

5、子的两种语序句子的两种语序:1.陈述句结构叫陈述句结构叫陈述语序陈述语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序宾语从句必须用陈述句语序 2 疑问句结构叫疑问句结构叫疑问语序疑问语序 8 将下列句子改成陈述句语序：将下列句子改成陈述句语序： 1.is there a bank near here? 2.is it on fifth avenue? 3.are they doing homework? there is a bank near here. it is on fifth avenue. they are doing homework.9 4.does she work in a hospital?

6、 5.did you go to center park?6.do we have to wear a uniform? she works in a hospital . i went to center park .we have to wear a uniform.they can wear hats in school .7.can they wear hats in school?108.wheres your pen pal from? 9.where does he live? 10.what language does she speak? 11.why do you like

7、 pandas? where your pen pal is from where he liveswhat language she speaks why you like pandas? 111. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：he said (that) he wanted to stay at home.she doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.i am sure (that) he will succeed. 宾语从句的类型宾语从句的类型12练一练练一练1.this i

8、s a book.2.you like singing.3.he worked last night.4.they will go home.5.jim has been to beijing.6.she sings well.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. i know 2. she says 3. tell your friend （that）13一般疑问句做宾语一般疑问句做宾语我问他我问他是否是否想去游泳想去游泳1, 改为陈述句语气，改为陈述句语气，2，用，用if/whether连接连接i ask does he want to go swim?h

9、e wants to go swimif/whetheri ask 142. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： i want to know if (whether) he lives there. he asked me whether (if) i could help him.15练一练练一练1.is he reading ?2.do you get up at six?3.does tom work hard?4.did you watch tv ?5.will they read books ?6.can you sing ?用

10、以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句: :1.do you know 1.do you know 2.i want to know 2.i want to know 3.the teacher asks 3.the teacher asks if/whether16特殊疑问句做宾语特殊疑问句做宾语我想知道你最喜欢哪一条领带？which tie do you like best特殊疑问句变成特殊疑问句变成 陈述语序陈述语序连接词就是疑问词本身连接词就是疑问词本身i wonderi wonder attentionwhich tie you like best?173.

11、由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? he asked whose handwriting was the best. can you tell me where the no.3 bus stop is? i dont know why the train is late.18练一练练一练1. what is this ?2. what are you

12、 doing ?3. where do you live ?4. when does he get up ?5. how did you go to work?6. who will you play with?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语句:1.do you know 2.i want to know 3. can you tell me 4. the man asked 19 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态

13、。 e.g i hear ( that ) tom has been to guilin twice . i hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow . i hear ( that ) jim went to work an hour ago . i hear ( that ) he is interested in english .宾语从句的时态的变化宾语从句的时态的变化20四四.宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化i hear (that)jim ( be ) a worker two years ago.jim ( be ) an english

14、teacher now . jim ( cook ) dinner tomorrow .jim ( sing )a popular song now.jim ( be ) to the great wall twice . jim ( play ) basketball when his father came back. jim ( learn )1000 chinese words by the end of last semester. 填一填填一填wasiswill cookis singinghas beenwas playinghad learned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句

15、的时态不作限制，当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）（需要性原则）212.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 e.g he said ( that ) he would go to xian . he said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . he said ( that ) he was reading

16、a book . he said ( that ) he had had supper already . 3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。 e.g he said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . the teacher told the students that no news is good news . the pe teacher said that do

17、ing morning exercise is useful to our health .222.2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）一致。（呼应性原则）1) he will go to hong kong .2) he is sick.3) he is reading a book . 4) he has finished his work.1) he to hong kong .2) he sick.3) he a boo

18、k . 4) hehe said辨一辨辨一辨would go waswas reading his work.had finished 23确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时24宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素引导词引导词thatthat（陈述句（

19、陈述句 ）ififwhetherwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句 ） 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句) )时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变七七.本课小结本课小结25.find out the mistakes and correct them.1 could you t

20、ell me where do they live? 2 she knew that danny is a student.3 he told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4 do you know who car it is? 找错误找错误wasiswhose26ii.改错：1.miss zhang asked me why was i late for school._miss zhang asked me why i was late for school.2.father told me the sun always rose in t

21、he east._father told me the sun always rises in the east.3.he doesnt know that when she can come back._he doesnt know when she can come back.27直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系三、人称的变化三、人称的变化1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：

22、一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“i was born in zhangjiajie.”he said. he said that he was born in zhangjiajie . “you must give me my pen.” he told me-he told me that i must give him his pen. “they go to the park.”she said.-she said that they went to the park. 一随主二随宾第三人称不变化28直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系三、标点的使

23、用三、标点的使用2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。“who are you ?”can you tell me ?can you tell me who you are ? “his sister goes to the park .”he said.-he said that his sister went to the park .29将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. where do they stop on the way? i asked. 2. what will you say at the meeting? could

24、 you tell me?4. “ i am doing my homework.” he said. 5. “i will come back.” tom said. i asked where they stopped on the way.could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?he asked if they liked to make friends with them.he said that he was doing his homework.tom said that he would come back.306. “

25、is he doing his homework?” jim asked. 7. “when will he come back?” tom asked. 8. “how can i get to the station?” could you tell me?9. “why is the train late?” would you tell me?10. “where is tom?” they asked. tom asked when he would come back.could you tell me how i can get to the station?would you

26、tell me why the train is late?they asked where tom was. jim asked if he was doing his homework.311. “why is the train late?” would you tell me?2. “where is tom?” they asked. 3. “do you know her telephone number？”he asked me. he asked me if i know her telephone number.4. do you know？where does he liv

27、e？ do you know where he lives？would you tell me why the train is late?they asked where tom was. 32将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. “ i am doing my homework.” he said. 2. “i will come back.” tom said. 3. “i can finish my work before supper.” he said.he said that he could finish his work before supper .he sa

28、id that he was doing his homework. tom said that he would come back. 33直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句 1. sheasked,“doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”2. “willtheygotovisitthegreatwall?”heasked.she asked if (whether) i often came here to read newspaper. he asked if (whet

29、her) they would go visit the great wall. 如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；语序变为陈述语序。语序变为陈述语序。 341. what did mike say? he said _.a. if you are free the next week b. what colour was itc. the weather is fine d. summer comes after spring2. let me tell you _.a. how much is the car b. how much does

30、 the car costc. how much did i pay for the car d. how much i spent on the car3. peter knew _.a. whether he has finished reading the book b. why the boy had so many questionsc. there were 12 months in a year d. when they will leave for paris354. could you tell me _?a. where do you live b. who you are

31、 waiting for c. who were you waiting for d. where you live in5. she told me the sun _ in the east.a. rise b. rose c. rises d. had risen6.i dont know _ up so early last sunday.a. why did he get c.why does he get b.why he gets d. why he got36练一练练一练( )1. miss green didnt tell us _ in 2002. a. where doe

32、s she live b. where she lives c. where did she live d. where she lived( )2. would you please tell me _? a. when did he come home b. where would he play football c. if had he seen the film d. why he didnt watch the game( ) 3. do you know _ i could pass the exam? a. that b. whether c. what d. which( )

33、4. i want to know_. a. what is his name b. whats his name c. that his name is d. what his name isddbd37( ) 5. i dont know when _. a. will the train leave b. the train will leave c. would the train leave d. the train leave( ) 6.-we dont know _. -it is said that he was born in sweden. a. what he is b.

34、 if he lives here c. where he comes from d. which country is he from( ) 7. do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? a. what will tom do b. what did tom do c. what tom will do d. what tom did( ) 8. could you tell me _ she is looking for? a. that b. whose c. who d. whichbccc38 1. i hear (that)

35、_. (一小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来） he will be back in an hourhe missed us very much 3. the teacher told us (that) _. （地球围着太阳转）（地球围着太阳转）the earth moves around the sun2. he said (that) _. (他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）完成句子完成句子394. i want to know _ _. (他是否跟我们一起去公园他是否跟我们一起去公园)if (whether) he will go to the park with us 55. ask

36、him _. (他是否能来他是否能来)whether (if) he can come406. please tell me _ _. (我们将什么时候开会我们将什么时候开会)7. can you tell me _. (他在哪他在哪儿儿)8. could you tell me _ _. (我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站) when well have a meetingwhere he is how i can get to the station41由由if或或whether引导的宾语从句。引导的宾语从句。if和和whether在句中的意在句中的意思是思是“是否是否”。例如：。例如： i

37、want to know if (whether) he lives there. he asked me whether (if) i could help him.42注意一下情况只用注意一下情况只用whether，不用，不用if。1. whether引导的从句常可以与引导的从句常可以与连词连词or或或or not直直接连用。如：接连用。如： let me know whether you can come or not. let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到当宾语从句提到句首句首时，只能用时，只能用whether引导。引导。如：如：

38、 whether it is true or not, i cant tell. if it is true or not, i cant tell. 43n3. whether可以引导带可以引导带to的不定式。的不定式。如：如： i dont know whether to accept or refuse. i dont know if to accept or refuse. n4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：词之后，作介词的宾语。如： i worry about whether i hurt her feelings. i wo

39、rry about if i hurt her feelings. 44if 与whether 的区别1. i dont know _ he will come or not.2. i dont care of _ he is handsome.3. he wondered _ to stay here the next week.4. _ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether451.

40、 what did mike say? he said _.a. if you are free the next week b. what colour was itc. the weather is fine d. summer comes after spring2. let me tell you _.a. how much is the car b. how much does the car costc. how much did i pay for the car d. how much i spent on the car3. peter knew _.a. whether he has finished reading the book b. why the boy had so many questionsc. there were 12 months in a year d. when they will leave for paris464. could you tell me _?a. where do you live b. who you are waiting for c. who were you waiting for d. where you live