高三英语语法专题复习与训练九-分词

1、高三英语复习与训练九分词9. 分词 分词既有动词的特征，由有形容词和副词的特征。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词没有这种区别。及物动词的现在分词还有主动形式和被动形式的区别。分词常用的形式如表所示（以及物动词do 和不及物动词go为例）：dogo主动被动现在分词doingbeing donegoing过去分词/donegone完成式having donehaving been done/9.1 分词作定语 不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行，过去分词强调完成；及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动，过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分

2、时，也是如此。分词作定语，单个的分词作定语一般前置；分词词组，个别分词如given, left等，修饰不定代词等的分词，作定语需后置。例如：We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里This is the question given. 这是所给的问题There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西分词作定语相当于定语从句，如Most of the people invited to the p

3、arty were famous scientists. = Most of the people who wereinvited to the party were famous scientists.典型例题 1） The first textbook _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句

4、which was written 2）Whats the language _ in Germany?A. speakingB. spoken C. be spokenD. to speak答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：Whats the language （which is） spoken in German?9.2 分词作状语 分词作状语，可以表示时间，原因，理由，条件，让步，连续等，相当于一个状语从句。例如：Not receiving any

5、 letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了个电话。 As I didnt receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.典型例题1）_ some officials, Napoleon inspected his ar

6、my. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。 followed by（被跟随）。本题可改为： With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army.1 / 122）There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. fo

7、llowing C. to be followed D. being followed答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。3）_, liquids can be changed into gases.A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat答案C. 本题要选分词作为状语。现在分词表主动，正在进行的；过去分词表被动的，已经完成的。对于液体来说是加热的受动者，是被动的，因而选C。它相当于一个状语从句 When it is heated，注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主

8、句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Used for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 9.3 连词+分词（短语） 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 连词有： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。例如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come

9、out of the building. 等在那儿时，他看见两个靓妹走出大楼。（waiting 和saw 的主语相同）9.4 分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词之后。例如： I found my car missing.我发现我的车不见了。 ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。 9.5 分词作表语 表示主语的状态等。例如： She looked tired with cooking.她由于忙着做饭，看上去有些疲倦。 He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。 9.6 分词作插入语 分词作插入语的结构是固定

10、的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如： generally speaking一般说来 talking of （speaking of） 说道 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration全面看来 例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。 Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs. 总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。

11、 （speaking 不是dogs 的动作）9.7 分词的时态1）一般式表示与主语动词同时发生。例如： Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。 Arriving there, they found the boy dead.一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。典型例题The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing答案

12、B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked和was preparing。 只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生，且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。2）完成时表示先于主语动词发生。例如：While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用having done。Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。 =As he had finished his homework, he wen

13、t out.典型例题_ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receivingB. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解为：Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again. 9.8 分词的语态 1）

14、通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。例如：He is the man giving you the money. （= who gave you）他就是给你钱的那个人。He is the man stopped by the car.（= who was stopped by）他就是那个被车拦住的人。2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生，如gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等。例如： a well-read person.一个读过许多书的人 a much-traveled may一个去过许多地方的人 a

15、burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴 高三英语复习与训练六动名词6.动名词动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。时态/语态主动被动一般式writingbeing written完成式having writtenhaving been written6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1）作主语。例如： Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语 a. 有

16、些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免complete完成consider认为delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice 训练recall 回忆resent 讨厌resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕keep 继续例如：Would you mi

17、nd turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。 b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admit toprefertobe used tolead todevote oneself toobject tostick tono goodno usebe fond oflook forward tobe proud ofbe busycant helpbe t

18、ired ofbe capable ofbe afraid ofthink of burst outkeep oninsist oncount onset aboutput offbe good attake upgive upbe successful in3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4）作定语，一般表示所修饰

19、名词事物的用途。例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机6.2 worth 的用法 worth, wor

20、thy, worthwhile都是形容词，意为值得。1. worth： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 常见的有It s worth while to do./ It s worth（someones）while doing be worth doing sth.某事值得被做The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。2. worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做The question is no

21、t worthy to be discussed again and again.3. worthwhile：be worthwhile to do sth 值得做某事It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。典型例题It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A. worth B. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。选C。6.3 动名词

22、不定式、分词练习1.I was _ work last week, but I changed my mind.a. to start b. to have started c. to be starting d. to have been starting2.I intended _ the matter with you, but I had some guests hen.a. discuss b. discussing c. having discussed d. to have discussed3.Dont let me catch you _.a. do that again b

23、. to do that again c. doing that again d. done that again4.There are many kinds of metals _.a.each has its special properties b. one has its special propertiesb. each having its special properties d. having its special properties5.Its pay-day, and theyre waiting _.a. for paying b. to be paid c. to b

24、e paying d. to have paid 6._ trouble, Im going to forget the whole affair.a. Then rather cause b. Rather causing c. Rather than cause d. Rather than caused7. The brilliance of his satires was _ make even his victims laugh.a. so as to b. such as to c. so that d. such that8.Children with parents whose

25、 guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined _ high levels of self-confidence.a. possess b. have possessed c. to possess d. possessing9.The worker is _ in repairing the machine to notice my coming.a. too busy b. enough busy c. busy too d. busy enough10.“What did you do in the garden?”“I

26、watched my father _ his motorbike.”a. to repair b. repaired c. repairing d. repairs11.We must have an engineer _ the workers build the house.a. to see b. see c. seeing d. seen12.Induction means _ a general conclusion from special facts.a. to come to b. to coming c. coming to d. came13.Im not going t

27、o ask the teacher why he gave me that grade; I intend _.a. to let rest the matter b. the matter to be let restingc. letting the matter to rest d. to let the matter rest14.I have tried _ worrying about it.a. to stop consciously b. to consciously stopc. to conscious stopping d. to stopping consciously

28、15.“Do you want to give a talk on that subject?”“I prefer _ .”a. not want b. not wanting c. to not giving d. not to16.I _ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.a. cannot but admit b. cannot help but to admitc. cannot but admitting d. cannot help but admitting17.Since she i

29、s angry, we _. a. had better leaving her alone b. should leave her alonec. might as well leave her alone d. had rather leave her alone18.I dont allow _ in my office and I dont allow my family _ at all.a. to smokesmoking b. smokingto smokec. to smoketo smoke d. smokingsmoking19.You should remember _

30、from the point when you are writing a composition.a. dont wander b. not to wander c. no wandering d. not wander20.Grace advised us to withdraw _. a. so as to get not involved b. so as not to get involvedc. so that to get not involved d. as not to get involved21.He ran all the way up to the station _

31、 that the train had left fifteen minutes before.a. in order to find b. so as to find c. only to find d. such as to find22.George went hunting for a week but still he didnt find a room _.a. to live b. to live in c. for living d. to be living in 23.You should really avoid _ at home alone as he is old

32、and ill.a. your father stay b. your father to stay c. your fathers staying d. your father who stays24.John didnt want to risk _ wet as he had only one suit.a. getting b. to get c. being got d. to be gotten25.Im disappointed with the new officers elected in our club, but there is no point _ about it.

33、a. to worry b. in worrying c. with us worrying d. if we worry26.It wont be any use _ to borrow any more money.a. you to try b. of your trying c. trying you d. your trying27.The law requires all cars _ for safety and efficiency.a. being tested regularly b. to be regularly testedc. be regularly tested

34、 d. regularly tested28.I remember _ to the zoo by my father when I was little.a. being taken b. taking c. have been taken d. to have taken29.I completely forgot _ the front door last night and feel fortunate that nothing is stolen.a. locking b. being locked c. to lock d. to have locked30.I regret _

35、you that your application has been refused.a. informing b. being informed c. to be informed d. to inform31.I didnt mean _ anything, but these apples looked so good I couldnt resist _ one.a. to eattrying b. to eato trying c. eatingto try d. eatingto trying32.I know it isnt important but I cant help _

36、 about it. a. but to think b. thinking c. think d. to think33.The ship, _ to a shapeless wreck, was hardly recognizable.a. being reduced b. reducing c. reduced d. having been reducing34.The young doctor could not sleep at night, his thoughts _ him no peace.a. gave b. giving c. being given d. to give

37、35.After a long walk on a hot day, one feels _.a. exhaustive b. exhausting c. exhaust d. exhausted36.Those relatives of his are _ . I dont want to have any dealings with them.a. boring people b. bored people c. people having bored d. people having boring 37.You must follow the directions exactly and

38、 if you become _, you must take the time to go back again and reread them.a. to confuse b. confusing c. confuse d. confused38.There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it _.a. checking b. check c. to check d. checked39.He was just about to jump up when he felt something _ near his feet.a.

39、 to move b. move c. moving d. moved40._ with the corresponding period of last year, the output of chemical fibers in the first quarter rose by 15%.a. Comparing b. To compare c. Compared d. Compare41.“Was the rally successful?“No, because the number of _ was smaller than we had expected.”a. people wh

40、o attend b. attended people c. people attending d. attendance of people42.Uncle Dick has already arrive. Do you expect _ to see him?a.Going b. go c. to go d. that you go43.From the electric refrigerator Dick takes a carton of cream, another of fresh milk and a can of _ orange juice.a.frozen b. froze

41、 c. freezing d. freezed44.He felt bad for _ a chance to study abroad.a. having not given b. not having givenc. having not been given d. not having been given45.In some countries there are already a number of firms _ computer programming.a. specialize in b. specialized in c. specializing in d. specia

42、lizes in 46.The young man who saw the car _ into the river telephoned the police station.a. plunge b. plunged c. was plunging d. to plunge47.While she was shopping, she kept _ the list to make sure she hadnt forgotten anything.a. checked b. checking c. to check d. check48.Youd better _. a. to have y

43、our shoes mended b. to have mended your shoesc. have your shoes mended d. having your shoes mended49.The machines are made _ at full speed.a. work b. working c. to work d. to be worked50.It is certain that men will never stop _ new energy sources to power their growing industry.a. finding b. to find

44、 c. having found d. found51.It is really quite extraordinary that we should have been at the same college without _ before.a. met b. being met c. having met d. having been met52.Professor Smith is said _ another important discovery in chemistry.a. having made b. having been made c. to have made d. t

45、o make53.Without the suns light _ the earths surface, it would be so cold that life could not exist on the earth.a. warms b. warmed c. warming d. to warm54.The rocket will weigh about 200 tons when _. a. being completed b. completed completing d. have been completed55.There are plans _ a number of a

46、tomic power station in this regions.a. to build b. to be built c. building d. being built56.All of us are looking forward to _ a trip to the Ming Tombs.a. make b. making c. to making d. have made57.I cant understand _ a decision until it is too late.a. him to postpone to make b. his postponing to ma

47、kec. him to postponing making d. his postponing making58.I would like _ that I dont have a very high opinion of you.a. to have you know b. have you knowc. to have your known d. having you know59.I had intended _ him while he was living at Aberdeen.a. visiting b. visit c. to have visited d. having vi

48、sited60.Do you consider better _ ?a. not doing it again b. not do it again c. not having done it again d. not to do it again61.The famous scientist was easy _ along with.a. to get b. for getting c. getting d. got62.The students will have more discussions like this in the weeks _.a. coming b. to come

49、 c. come d. to be coming 63.He felt lonely at first, but after a time he got _ alone and even got _ it.a. used to livingto like b. used to live to likec. using to liveliking d. to be used to livingliking64.Our master raised his voice so that the could make himself _ by the pupils in the back of the

50、hall.a. hear b. heard c. hearing d. to be heard65.When he awoke, he found himself _ in the hospital and _ by an old woman. a. lyingbeing looked after b. lyingbe looking afterc. liebe looked after d. liebeing looked after66._ from the hill-top the lake scenery is beyond description.a. To see b. Seein

51、g c. Seen d. Having seen67._ in the strange forest, the poor girls fell to _.a. Lostcrying b. Lostcry c. To lostcry d. Having been lostcrying68.Theyll have you _ if you dont pay your taxes. a. to be arrested b. arrest c. arrested d. being arrested69.All flights _ because of the storm, they decided t

52、o take the train.a. having cancelled b. were cancelled c. have been cancelled d. having been cancelled70.Although it was very late when John began doing the job, he managed with his friends assistance, _ before the building was locked.a. to be finished b. being finished c. finishing d. to finish71.Despite the earnest efforts of various private groups as well as government agencies, many of the problems have not yet been solved, and much remains to _.a. have bee