必修四Unit4grammaradverbial

1、 1)yesterday, another student and i , _our universitys student association, went to the capital international airport to meet this years international students. 2)after half an hour of _ for their flight to arrive, i saw several young people enter the _ area looking around curiously. 3)i stood for a

2、 minute _ them and then went to greet them. 4)she stepped back _ surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. appearingrepresentingwatchingwaitingwaiting 5)then akira nagata from japan came in _, together with george cook from canada. 6)just at that moment,however, akira bowed so his nose touch

3、ed georges _ hand. 7)when darlene coulon from france came _ through the door, she recognized tony garacias _ face. 8)in the same way that people communicate with spoken language , they also express their feelings _ unspoken”language” through physical distance, actions or posture. 归纳：其中第3、4、5、8 句中的v-

4、ing 在句子中充当_成分。smilingsmilingmovingdashingusing状语状语the present participle-used as adverbialrevision:1. _ is believing. 眼见为实。眼见为实。2. in the summer we enjoy _(坐坐) under the big tree.3. her job is _(照顾婴儿）。照顾婴儿）。4. the story is _(有趣的有趣的)。5. how can you keep her _(等待等待) in the rain.6. the man _ (站在那里）站在那里

5、）is my father. finish the sentences.seeingsittingtaking care of the babies interestingwaitingstanding over there主语主语宾语宾语表语（动名词）表语（动名词）表语表语（现在分词）（现在分词）宾语补足语宾语补足语定语定语-ing分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示现在分词作状语代替状语从句现在分词作状语代替状语从句时间、原因、结果、条件、时间、原因、结果、条件、或伴随情况等，或伴随情况等，注：注：从句的主语从句的主语和和主句的主语主句的主语必须必须一致一致。即即-

6、ing-ing分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语，并表示是整个句子的主语，并表示主动主动的关系。的关系。 task1观察例句： 1. walking in the street, i came across an old friend of mine. when i was walking in the street, i came across an old friend of mine. 2.waiting for the bus, he read a copy of china daily. while he was waiting for the

7、bus, he read a copy of china daily. 合作归纳：v-ing做_状语，可以转换成_从句。 时间时间 时间状语时间状语小试牛刀： 1.when i saw the picture, i couldnt help thinking of my childhood. 2.be careful while you are crossing the street. 3. _ your homework, you mustnt listen to music. a. when do b. when to do c. when doing d. when you doing=

8、seeing the picture, i couldnt help thinking of my childhood.=be careful while crossing the street.task2 task2 观察例句： 1. 1.beingbeing ill, he didn ill, he didnt go to school.t go to school. because he was illbecause he was ill, , he he didndidnt go to t go to school.school. 2. 2. thinkingthinking he m

9、ight be at home, he might be at home, i i called him.called him. as i thoughtas i thought he might be at home, he might be at home, i called him.i called him. 合作归纳： v-ing v-ing做_状语，可以转换成_从句。原因原因原因状语原因状语小试牛刀： feeling tired ，i went to bed early. _ because we didnt know her address, we couldnt get in t

10、ouch with her. _because i felt tired, i went to bed early.not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her.task3 观察例句： 1. exercising every morning, you will improve your health. if you exercise every morning, you will improve your health. 2. your head, you will find a way. as long as you us

11、e your head, you will find a way. 合作归纳归纳： v-ing做_状语状语，可以转换转换成_从从句。小试牛刀： if you work hard, you will succeed. staying here for some time, youll find the people here are friendly.working hard, you will succeed.if you stay here for some time, youll find the people here are friendly.task4 观察例句： 1.she was

12、 so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, it into pieces. she was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground it into pieces. 2.an big earthquake hit lushan, a great loss. an big earthquake hit lushan, a great loss. 3.he hurried to the station that the train had left. 合作归纳： 小试牛刀：1.the child

13、slipped and fell, _(hit) his head against the door. 2.the old man died, _(leave) nothing but debts.3.he hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. a. to tell b. to be told c. telling d. toldtask5 观察例句： 1.we were sitting by the window, about what happened yesterday.

14、=we were sitting by the window, about what happened yesterday. 2.he sat on the sofa, tv. = he sat on the sofa, tv. 合作归纳：v-ing做状语，表示_。作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是_的一个动作，或是与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）_，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地_。1.他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom.2.他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。he stood leaning aga

15、inst the wall.(he _ and _ against the wall.)laughing and talking(they _ and _, and they went into the classroom.)laughedtalkedleanedstood对比练习对比练习 grammar work 语法专练语法专练用所给动词的适当形式填空。用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. not _(know) his address, i couldnt go to see him yesterday.2. look out(小心）小心） for cars when _(cross) the

16、 street.3. not _ (invite) to the party, mary was greatly hurt.knowingcrossinghaving been invited4. he dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed(暴露）暴露）.5. when i got back home i saw a message pinned(别在）别在） to the door, _ (read写着写着) “sorry to miss you; i will call later.”6. _ (take) a deep

17、 breath, they dived into the water.7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.leavingreadingtakinghaving closed1. _many times , but he still couldnt understand it .2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .a. having been told b. told c. he was told d. he been told 3. _f

18、rom space , the earth looks blue .4._from space , we can see the earth is blue .a. seen b. seeing c. to see d.see caabbutthe earthwebutthe earthbutl _ _ _ _, he missed the first bus.l _ _ _ _ _ _, he stood up.l _ _ _ _, he stopped to have a rest. l _ _ _ _ _, she didnt know what he wanted. 没有早起，他错过了

19、第一趟公共汽车。）没有早起，他错过了第一趟公共汽车。）由于被要求回答这个问题，他站了起来。由于被要求回答这个问题，他站了起来。已经完成了作业，他停下来休息。已经完成了作业，他停下来休息。没有与约翰谈过，她不知道他想要什么。没有与约翰谈过，她不知道他想要什么。not getting up earlybeing asked to answer the questionhaving finished his homeworknot having talked with john-when seeing the professor, i said hello to him.-when seen fro

20、m space, the earth looks like a globe.-when _ the professor, i said hello to him.-when _ from space, the earth looks like a globe.i sawit is seen简单句简单句 简单句简单句-if taking this medicine, youll recover from your illness.-if taken out of the fridge, the ice-cream will melt.-if _ this medicine, youll reco

21、ver from your illness.-if _ out of the fridge, the ice-cream will melt.you takeit is taken 简单句简单句 简单句简单句她身穿一条裙子。她身穿一条裙子。(wear / dress)-she is wearing a shirt.-she is dressed in a shirt.-wearing a shirt, she felt cold in the wind.-dressed in a newly-bought shirt, she felt confident of herself.主动主动被动被

22、动我坐在后面。我坐在后面。(sit / seat)-im sitting at the back.-im seated at the back.-sitting at the back, i cant figure out the words on the blackboard.-seated at the back, i was asked to stand up to answer the question.主动主动被动被动-some fans rushed out of the airport, _ (follow) the film star.-the detective steppe

23、d into the house, _ (follow) by a police dog.followingfollowed探究点二：v-ing 作状语的注意事项 task1 完成句子并归纳用法 true or false: 1.seeing from the top, the school looks more beautiful. ( ) 2. seeing from the top, we find the school more beautiful. ( ) v-ing 逻辑主语和主句主语_(要/不要)保持保持一致。fttask2 形式：时态和语态 1. the bell, the s

24、tudents began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。 归纳：听见和进入两个动作_或_发生。 2.having done the work, he went home. 3.having graduated from the college, he went to a village and worked as a teacher there. 归纳：having done the work为现在分词的_，表示动作_谓语动词发生。 having graduated (毕业)这个动作发生在_之前。 一般同时一般同时基本同时基本同时完成时态完成时态先于先于去农村做老师去农村做老师4.all the tickets , they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。5.for a long time, the flower is almost dying.归纳：having been sold out 为现在分词的_，表示动作先于谓语动词发生。 not having been watered 为现在分词的_, 表示浇水这个动作在 _动作之前。1. i was told that there were about 50 foreign students _ chinese i