英语音标基础学习及练习

1、英语音标基础学习及练习英语音标学习认识几个定义：1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位。2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段。一个可以为单个元音（如i/a/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree /tri:/）。 单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it, pen, pick等）。7、重

2、读 在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其它音节读得相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“”表示。8、清音和浊音（辅音） 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。音标基础学习一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个元音1. 长短：/i:/ / /:/ / /:/ / /u:/ /2. 大小：/e/ / /:/ /3. i组：/e/ /a/ /4. u组：/ /a/5. 组：/ /e/ /清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / /s/ / /t/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ / /z/ / /d/ /dr/ /dz/ /r

3、/ /m/n/ / / /w/j/注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/二26个字母在单词中的具体发音a1. /ei/ name able cake table take date2. / apple cat map am match matter sad and angry3. /: / dance last pass plant4. / want what watch wash5. / a arrive along alike aloude1. /i:/ he she me evening meter2

4、. /e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty february nextthen send3. /i/ enjoy english eleven because foresti1. /ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind2. /i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him listenpick rivero1. /u / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano2. / dog not cloc

5、k box robot on from forest often stop 3.4.u1.2. / son month mother love young /u:/ who do whose /ju: / use usually excuse menu /bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must3. / u / put pull helpfulb /b/ book big bag boxc1.2. /k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes /s/ face nice pencil ci

6、ty cinemad /d/ desk doll dog dad day dont dish does deepf /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funnyg1.2. / gun glass glad go get /d / age orange villageh /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospitalj / d/ jeep jacket jump jan. july junek /k/ kite cake thank kang

7、aroo speak take walk work lake like l1.2.n1.2. /n/ no know new hand / thank think thing uncle swing /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play /l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale m /m/ am map my mouth milkp /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman q /kw/ quite quilt quickr /r

8、/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library s1.2. /s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass /z/ nose those rose rulers seasont /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plant v /v/ five very seven village livew /w/ we window watch want wait wa

9、ter wednesday winter with x /ks/ box six fox relaxy1.2.3. /ai /my fly why bye / j / yes yellow young yesterday / i /happy baby very windy snowy studyz / z / zoo zero三、常见字母组合（一）元音组合ai /ei/ wait paintay /ei/ may play day sayair / / air hair chairal /:/ tall small ballar /: / farther farm car armea /i:

10、/ meat please tea read /e/ head bread ready /i/ theater ear / i / ear hear near / bear /:/ earth ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeepeir / theirer / worker teacher /:/ herere /i/ here / where thereew /ju: / new few /u: / flew grew ight /ai / right high brightir /: / bird girl shirt thirtyoa /u/ boat coato

11、ng /o/ long songoo /u/ book foot good /u:/ moon balloon or /:/ short fork port /: / word world work oor /:/ door floorore /:/ more store soreou /au/ out house mouthour /:/ four your /au/ our ow /u/ bowl window /au/ now cow flower oy /oi/ boy toyur /: / turn（二）辅音组合th / thank mouth / / this that with

12、tr /tr/ tree train truckdr /dr/ dress driversh / shirt wash shortch /t/ child chair catch / k / school christmas / d/ sandwich tw /tw/ two twin twentywh /w/ white wheel what /h/ who whose whom ts /ts/ jackets kitesds /dz/ birds friends（三）特殊组合 tion /n/ question nation四、单词重音（word stress）英语单词分为单音节词，双音节

13、词和多音节词。含有一个元音音素的字母组合叫做一个音节，由一个音节构成的词叫做单音节词，如bedbd,daddd.由两个音节构成的词叫双音节词，如funny fn ，famous fems由两个以上音节构成的单词叫多音节词，如delicious dls英语单词如果有一个以上的音节则有重读音节和非重读音节，由符号“ ”表示，如about baut。有的多音节词有两个重音，一个是主重音，一个是次重音，或两个都是主重音，次重音用符号“，”表示，标在次重音的左下方。如anybody n,bd。双音节的重音一般落在第一个音节上，多音节的重音通常为倒数第三个音节，如documentary ,dkjmntr，

14、grandfather grnd,f。四句子重音（sentence stress）一个句子中，实词（名词，实义动词，数词，形容词，副词等）重读；虚词（冠词，介词）不重读。 英语音标练习题一、口语练习（一）读出下列单词：1. /i:/ /i/ /e/ /bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /ril/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will /pk/ /gp/ /tr/ /ng/ /rm/ /btl/ /sed/ /hpi/ /setl/ /dipen

15、d/ pack gap trash nag ram battle said happy settle depend2. /a:/ / :/ / / /u:/ /u/ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /st:m/ /n:t/ /fks/ /sk/ /fa:/ /la:d / /ma:k/ mask past france storm naught fox sock far large mark /t/ /prmis/ /lu:s/ /tuk/ /mud/ /ru:/ /pul/ /wud/ thought promise loose took mood through pull w

16、ood3. / / /dl/ /hri/ /glf/ /trbl/ /:n/ /s:f/ /t:n/ /beg/ /tk/ dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /k:b/ /:k/ /merik / /sk/ /kmp/ /svei/ /pveid/ /phps/ curb irk america soccer camper survey pervade perhaps4. /ei/ /u/ /ai/ /au/ /i/keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prpuz/ /mun/ /stun/ /uv/ /sait/

17、kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /taipist/ /aust/ /mist/ /ist/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster5. /i/ / /u/vi/ /f/ /d/ /sk/ /bun/ /gud/ /rurl/ /pi/ /klmbi/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear colombia6. / /mn/ /i:f/ /t/ /n/ /fei/ /tge/ /k/ /mselvz/ month

18、thief that than faith together thank themselves（二）、绕口令：1. a tidy tiger tied a tie tighter to tidy her tiny tail.2. a mad man says that amanda has captured a fat panda.3. if you notice this notice, you will notice that this notice is not worth noticing.4. a big black bug bit a big black bear, made th

19、e big black bear bleed blood.5. if two witches watched two watches, which witch would watch which watch?which wristwatch is a swiss wristwatch?6. she sells sea shells on the seashore. the seashells she sells are seashells she issure.二、笔头练习：（一）. 找出画线部分读音不同的单词( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( bc d( b c d( ) 12. a b c d

20、( ) 13. a b c d( （二）根据音标写单词： fa: _ da:ns _ mu:n _kait _ hpinis _ priti _fmili _ tge _ fkstju:b flai _mu:nkeik _ indi _ djuri _snu _ si:zn _ dilis _jestdei _ indi_ mid,:tm _teind _ deind _ nizi _mju(:)zim _（三）根据音标写句子：1. au kla:s iz nt veri big . _2. bt its aiz a: nt big . _3. a: siks kla:siz in greid

21、 wn ._4. wi: kn si: it t zu: . _ 膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅

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25、肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂

26、肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿

27、羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇

28、袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄

29、袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂

30、螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿

31、膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇

32、肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄

33、羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈蚃羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒅罿羅薅薈螂芄薄螀羇芀薃袂袀膆薃薂肆肂薂蚄袈莀薁螇肄芆蚀衿袇膂虿蕿肂肈芆蚁袅羄芅袃肀莃芄薃羃艿芃蚅腿膅节螇羂肁芁袀螄荿芁蕿羀芅莀蚂螃膁荿螄羈肇莈薄螁肃莇蚆肆莂莆螈衿芈莅袁肅膄莅薀袈肀莄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芄蒂蒅肁膀蒁蚇袄膆蒀蝿膀肂葿袂

34、羂莁葿薁螅芇蒈膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃

35、莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈

36、芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅

37、膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃

38、薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀

39、蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈

40、莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅

41、荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃薆薂蚀膅荿蒈虿芇薅螇蚈羇莈蚃螇聿薃蕿螇膂莆蒅螆莄腿袄螅肄蒄螀螄膆芇蚆螃芈蒂薂螂羈芅蒈螁肀蒁螆袁膃芄蚂袀芅葿薈衿羅节薄袈膇薇蒀袇艿莀蝿袆罿薆蚅袅肁莈薁袅膃薄蒇羄芆莇螅羃羅膀蚁羂膈莅蚇羁芀芈薃羀羀蒃葿罿肂芆螈罿膄蒂蚄肈芇芄薀肇羆蒀蒆肆聿芃螅肅芁蒈螀肄莃莁蚆肃肃