ospf与rip重分布引起的问题

1、将 ospf 与 rip 相互引入。 由于华为的 ospf 内部路由优先级为 10 ，外部引入路由优先级为 150 。 RIP的优先级为 100。所以 RIP的路由优先级比 ospf 的外部引入的小，故 RIP路由优 先于 ospf 外部路由。刚构建的拓扑，并不存在环路和次优路径，当 ar2 上的接口出现 down 的现象后，才会 出现次优路径或者环路现象disp ip routing -tableRoute Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 18Routes : 18Destina

2、tion/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface10.1.12.0/24OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.0/24OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.0/24Direct00D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.4/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/022.1.1.

3、1/32OSPF101D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/033.1.1.1/32OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/044.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack0127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthern

4、et0/0/0172.16.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.45.0/24Direct00D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.4/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direc

5、t00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0 ar3disp ip routing -tableRoute Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 18Routes : 18Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface10.1.12.0/24OSPF102D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.0/24Direct00D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.3

6、/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.0/24OSPF102D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/022.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/033.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack044.1.1.1/32OSPF102D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.

7、0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.0/24Direct00D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.3/32Direct00D127.0.0.1Gig

8、abitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0当 ar3 与 ar2 的邻居状态出现震荡后ar3 收到 172.16.0.0/24 和 172.16.2.0/24 的路由会由于 ospf 的震荡导致邻居关系重新建立， LSA重新交互。同时由于 RIP 并没有断开，同时因为 rip 的路由优先级比 o

9、spf 的外部路由要 低，所以 ar3 的 172.16.0.0/24 和 172.16.2.0/24 两个路由浮现的协议为 RIP。导致次优路径的 产生。Ar4 因为没有产生震荡所以路由表没有 改变。 Ar4 和 ar2 之间链路状态出现变化同样道理。disp ip routing -tableRoute Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 22Routes : 22Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface10.1.12.0

10、/24OSPF102D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.0/24Direct00D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.3/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.0/24OSPF102D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/022.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/033.1.1.1/32

11、Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack044.1.1.1/32OSPF102D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/055.1.1.1/32RIP1001D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24RIP1002D192.168.35.5GigabitEthern

12、et0/0/1172.16.2.0/24RIP1002D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.0/24Direct00D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.3/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.0/24RIP1001D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Dir

13、ect00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0disp ip routing -tableRoute Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibDestination/MaskProto Pre CostFlags NextHopInterfaceRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 22Routes : 2210.1.12.0/24OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.0/24OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.0/

14、24Direct00D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.4/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/022.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/033.1.1.1/32OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/044.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack055.1.1.1/32RIP1001D192.1

15、68.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.5Gigabi

16、tEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.0/24Direct00D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.4/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0ar2 -GigabitEthernet0/0/0disp ip routing -table Route Flags: R- relay, D -

17、download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 27Routes : 31Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface10.0.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/010.0.1.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/010.0.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1O_ASE 150 1D 10.1.24.4GigabitEthern

18、et2/0/010.1.12.0/24Direct00D10.1.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.12.2/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.12.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.23.0/24Direct00D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.23.2/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.23.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEt

19、hernet0/0/110.1.24.0/24Direct00D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet2/0/010.1.24.2/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet2/0/010.1.24.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet2/0/022.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack033.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/144.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/055.

20、1.1.1/32O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/0O_ASE 150 1D 10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24Static600RD10.1.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.1.0/24Static600RD10.1.1

21、2.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.2.0/24Static600RD10.1.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.3.0/24Static600RD10.1.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.4.0/24Static600RD10.1.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.0/24O_ASE150 1D 10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/0O_ASE150 1D 10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.0/24O_ASE1

22、50 1D 10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/0O_ASE150 1D 10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0追踪路径：ar4tracert 172.16.0.1traceroute to 172.16.0.1(172.16.0.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 1 10.1.24.2 20 ms 20 ms 10 ms2 10.1.12.1 30 ms 30 ms 20 mst

23、racert 172.16.0.1traceroute to 172.16.0.1(172.16.0.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break 1 192.168.35.5 40 ms 10 ms 10 ms2 * 192.168.45.4 40 ms 40 ms3 10.1.24.2 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms4 10.1.12.1 20 ms 30 ms 30 ms环路现象， ar1 和 ar2 之间的链路断链后。ar2 -GigabitEthernet0/0/0disp ip routing -table

24、Route Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 21Routes : 25Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface10.0.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/010.0.1.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/010.0.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1O_ASE150

25、 1D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/010.1.23.0/24Direct00D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.23.2/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.23.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.24.0/24Direct00D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet2/0/010.1.24.2/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet2/0/010.1.24.255/32Di

26、rect00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet2/0/022.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack033.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/144.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/055.1.1.1/32O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/0O_ASE 150 1D 10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBac

27、k0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1172.16.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/0O_ASE 150 1D 10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45

28、.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet2/0/0O_ASE 150 1D 10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0ar3 -ospf-1disp ip routing -table Route Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibDestination/MaskProto Pre CostFlags NextHopInterface10.0.0.0/24O_ASE150110.0.1.0/24O_ASE150

29、110.0.2.0/24RIP100110.1.23.0/24Direct0010.1.23.3/32Direct0010.1.23.255/32Direct0010.1.24.0/24OSPF10222.1.1.1/32OSPF10133.1.1.1/32Direct0044.1.1.1/32OSPF10255.1.1.1/32RIP1001127.0.0.0/8Direct00127.0.0.1/32Direct00127.255.255.255/32Direct00172.16.0.0/24RIP1002172.16.2.0/24RIP1002D10.1.23.2GigabitEther

30、net0/0/0D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1D10.1.23.3GigabitEthernet0/0/0D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0D127.0.0.1LoopBack0D10.1.23.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/

31、0/1D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1Routing Tables: PublicDestinations : 21Routes : 21192.168.35.0/24Direct00D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.3/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.3

32、5.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.0/24RIP1001D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0disp ip routing -tableRoute Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestinations : 21Routes : 21Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags Next

33、HopInterface10.0.0.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.1.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/110.0.2.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.23.0/24OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.0/24Direct00D10.1.24.4GigabitEthernet0/0/010.1.24.4/32Direct00D127.0.0.1Gigabi

34、tEthernet0/0/010.1.24.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/022.1.1.1/32OSPF101D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/033.1.1.1/32OSPF102D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/044.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack055.1.1.1/32RIP1001D192.168.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1

35、/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0172.16.2.0/24O_ASE1501D10.1.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.0/24Direct00D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.16

36、8.45.4/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0disp ip routing -tableRoute Flags: R- relay, D - download to fibRouting Tables: PublicDestination/MaskProtoPreCostFlags NextHopInterface10.0.0.0/24Dire

37、ct00D10.0.0.1LoopBack1010.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack1010.0.0.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack1010.0.1.0/24Direct00D10.0.1.1LoopBack3010.0.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack3010.0.1.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack3010.0.2.0/24Direct00D10.0.2.1LoopBack2010.0.2.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack2010

38、.0.2.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack2010.1.23.0/24RIP1001D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/0RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/110.1.24.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1001D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/022.1.1.1/32RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1001D192.168.35.3Gigabi

39、tEthernet0/0/033.1.1.1/32RIP1001D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/0RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/144.1.1.1/32RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1RIP1001D192.168.35.3GigabitEthernet0/0/055.1.1.1/32Direct00D127.0.0.1LoopBack0127.0.0.0/8Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0127.0.0.1/32Direct00D127.0

40、.0.1InLoopBack0127.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0172.16.0.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1172.16.2.0/24RIP1001D192.168.45.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.35.0/24Direct00D192.168.35.5GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.5/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.35.255/32Direct

41、00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0192.168.45.0/24Direct00D192.168.45.5GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.5/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1192.168.45.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1GigabitEthernet0/0/1255.255.255.255/32Direct00D127.0.0.1InLoopBack0此时追踪会出现环路现象：ar3 -ospf-1tracert 172.16.0.1traceroute to 17

42、2.16.0.1(172.16.0.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break1 192.168.35.5 30ms30ms10 ms2 192.168.45.4 10ms30ms20 ms3 10.1.24.2 20 ms20ms20ms4 10.1.23.3 20 ms20ms20ms5 192.168.35.5 30 ms 40 ms 30 ms6 192.168.45.4 30ms30ms30ms7 10.1.24.2 20 ms40ms30ms8 10.1.23.3 30 ms40ms30ms9 192.168.

43、35.5 50ms40ms30ms10 192.168.45.4 30ms50ms40ms11 10.1.24.2 40 ms40ms40ms12 10.1.23.3 40 ms40ms30ms13 192.168.35.5 40ms40ms50ms14 192.168.45.4 80ms30ms60ms15 10.1.24.2 50 ms50ms80ms16 10.1.23.3 50 ms50ms50ms17 192.168.35.5 50ms60ms60ms18 192.168.45.4 70ms70ms50ms19 10.1.24.2 70 ms60ms60ms20 10.1.23.3

44、70 ms70ms60ms21 192.168.35.5 60ms80ms60ms22 192.168.45.4 80ms70ms50ms23 10.1.24.2 80 ms70ms80ms24 10.1.23.3 70 ms90ms60ms25 192.168.35.5 100 ms80 ms70 ms26 192.168.45.4 80ms80ms80ms27 10.1.24.2 80 ms80ms90ms28 10.1.23.3 90 ms90ms80ms29 192.168.35.5 110 ms 110 ms 80 ms30 192.168.45.4 100 ms 110 ms 10

45、0 ms结论：引入时要注意路由的优先级是否会导致环路解决方案 1：修改引入路由的优先级。把在 ospf 中的外部路由的优先级修改比 RIP 的优先级 100 小。这种 方法还是会存在环路的风险。解决方案 2，引入路由时执行以下操作，处理掉产生环路的隐患ar3 将rip 路由引进到 ospf 中，先拒绝掉 ar4 ，将 ospf 引进到 rip 带有 tag 240 的路由。然后将引 进到 ospf 的 rip 路由打上 tag 350ar4 将ospf 路由引进到 rip 中，先拒绝掉 ar3 ，将 rip 引进到 ospf 带有 tag 350 的路由。然后将引 进到 rip 的 ospf

46、路由打上 tag 240ar3 将ospf 路由引进到 rip 中，先拒绝掉 ar4 ，将 rip 引进到 ospf 带有 tag 450 路由。然后将引进 到rip 的 ospf 路由打上 tag 230ar4 将 rip 路由引进到 ospf 中，先拒绝掉ar3 ，将 ospf 引进到 rip 带有 tag 230 路由。然后将引进到 ospf 的 rip 路由打上 tag 450ar1sysname ar1#interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 10.1.12.1 255.255.255.0#interface GigabitEthernet0

47、/0/1#interface NULL0#interface LoopBack0ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.255.0#interface LoopBack1ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0#interface LoopBack2ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0#interface LoopBack3ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0#interface LoopBack4ip address 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0#ip r

48、oute - static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.12.2# ar1Ar2 sysname ar2 acl number 2000rule 5 permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.2.0# interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0ip address 10.1.12.2 255.255.255.0# interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1ip address 10.1.23.2 255.255.255.0ospf dr -priority 120# interface GigabitEthernet2/0/0ip address 10.1.24.2 255.255.255.0# interface LoopBack0ip address 22.1.1.1 255.255.255.255#ospf 1 router -id 22.1.1.1filter -policy 2000 export static import -