高三英语定语从句复习课件

1、Book3 unit1 Reading人教修订版人教修订版 高三高三宣化县第一中学田海梅 英语课件高 三 英 语 课 件The Attributive Clause(定语从句)张家口市宣化县第一中学张家口市宣化县第一中学 田海梅田海梅一、定义及相关术语一、定义及相关术语 1.定语从句：定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后2.先行词先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系代

2、词：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等。等。 关系副词：关系副词：when, where, why关关 系系 词词指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语定语定语that whichwhowhomwhose 关系代词的用法关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略关系副词的用法 关系副词（关系副词（when, where, why)：在从句中：在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。其中 when=介词（in, at, on等）+which

3、 where=介词（in, at, on等）+which why=for+which关系代词和先行词的关系关系代词和先行词的关系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =

4、whosein the school = where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系词实际上是先行词的复指关系词实际上是先行词的复指关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here. This is the house where I lived last year. There are many reasons why people like traveling. I d

5、ont like the way that you speak. on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系代词与关系副词的选择关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）当的成分）.Compare :A. I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a

6、 place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not

7、attending the meeting.二、定语从句的分类二、定语从句的分类定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“的” 通常译成主句的并列句。Please co

8、mpare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句紧跟从句紧跟从句之后之后非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句与主句并与主句并列翻译列翻译插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.限制性定语从句举例：非限制性定语从句举例

9、非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.试比较限制性定语从句和非限试比较限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：制性定语从句：The town where I li

10、ve is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.4.He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of _ ar

11、e teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that1.I am reading Harry Porter, _is an interesting book.which （一）引导词（一）引导词as的用法：的用法： 1.引导引导非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all, the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is ro

12、und.Itwhich/ as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,2.as与与that 引导的引导的限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句的区别This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模样。这本书和我丢的那本一模样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这

13、本书就是我丢的那本。This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatasthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)关系代词关系

14、代词as和和which 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句as 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，引导非限制性定语从句时， 其其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是况是 1. as 和和which都可以在定语从句中做主语都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。或宾语，代表前面整个句子。 He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还放在主句之前、

15、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。可以分割主句。 which引导的非限引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，另外，as 常常有常常有“正如、正像正如、正像”的的含义。含义。As is known to all, China is a developing country.He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which

16、I dont believe. 注意：注意：当主句和从句之间存在着当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用往只用which。如：。如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made histeacher very angry.These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy. （二）（二） whose的用法的用法The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in

17、 our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences with “whose”.The house whose window is

18、broken is mine. whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken（三）介词（三）介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/

19、which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?Th

20、e old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”前还可有前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few等代词或者数词等代词或者数词 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, s

21、ome of which have gone bad. allIn the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life 1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2

22、. Do you like the book she paid $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.Exercises:on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which 6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a

23、lot of rivers, the second longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _ people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.under whichof whi

24、chfrom whichto whomof which1.当先行词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时,如如: all ,few, little, much, every, something, anything, everything, 等等2.当先行词被当先行词被the only, the very, the same, little, few, no, any等修饰时等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中(四）限制性定语从句中只能

25、用四）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况引导的情况e.g 1. Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? 2.There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 3. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 4.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.5.This is

26、 the best film that I have ever seen. 6. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 7.After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.8. Who is the man that is standing by the gate? 9. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 10.They talked about the persons and things th

27、at they remembered at school.11. Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况在介词后面在介词后面 （五）（五）以以the way为先行词的限制为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由性定语从句通常由in which或或that引引导，而且通常可以省略导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surpr

28、ising. I dont like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.强化训练1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ made the others unhappy.A. which B. who C. thisD. what2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which

29、B. when C. that D. where3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom4. Please take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. in which D. that5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier.A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them6. This is the ship _ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋太平洋).A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼摩天大楼)_ has more than 100 storeys.A. the higher of them B. the highest of whichC. th