英语高考复习——形式主语

1、 英语高考复习形式主语1. 形式主语是动词不定式的一种,它也是逻辑主语, 可以把它归类到逻辑主语的第一种(不定式的逻辑主语) 用作宾语的不定式，用作目的状语，用作结果状语的不定式都是属于不定式的大概念里面的。2作为形式主语的it并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻，它代替的是句子的逻辑主语，有如下情况： 1）句子的逻辑主语为不定式如：It was pretty hard for him to bring up the child on his own. 2） 句子的逻辑主语为从句如： It suddenly occurred to me that the message mu

2、st have been hidden between the layers of the briefcase. 3）句子的逻辑主语为动名词短语这类句子远不如前面两种出现率高，主要在（no good, waste, useless, no use, dangerous）等词语的后面用 如 ：It is no good reading in dim light. 注：作形式主语的代词只能用it ，不能用that，this等词。例如: 3it 作形式主语的基本构架1） It + is/was + adj./n. (形容词或名词) +to do sth. A. 名词作表语。主要有a pity, a

3、pleasure, an idea等。 例如： It is a good idea to think this way. 除be外，其他动词也有跟名词的情况。例如： It requires efforts to master a foreign language. 形容词或形容词短语作表语。 分两种情况： 1) 下列形容词： kind, good, nice, clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise, stupid, rude, careless, cruel, brave, naughty, polite, selfish等词作表语时，不定式前

4、常可加一个由of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。例如： It was brave of her to speak out in public.这种of sb. to do sth. 句型，of 的宾语可以作句子的主语。上面句子可以改写为： She was brave to speak out in public. 2) 其他形容词作表语，常见的形容词有：necessary, hard， important, difficult, easy, possible，common等。例如： It is necessar

5、y to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. 3）. It + v. + to do sth. 动词不定式作主语时除动词be以外，动词take, cost， need, require, make, sound, occur 等也可用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面。例如： It needed hard work to finish the job.It didn,t occur to me to ask him to help me. 4）Its n.(名词或名词短语)/adj.(形容词) doing sth. 1)下列形

6、容词后常用动名词作真正主语：nice, good, useless, hard, foolish, enjoyable, worthwhile等。例如： Its foolish behaving like that. 这样的表现是很愚蠢的。 It is useless doing that. 那样做没用。 注：下列名词或名词短语作表语时常用动名词作真正主语：use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等。 5）. It is n.clause: It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the questio

7、n.6). It is adj.clause : It is probable that he has known everything.7). It vclause: It made us very happy that she was saved.8). It be + 分词从句: It was amusing that a rabbit ran out of the empty box on the desk.注：大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以用 it充当形式主语。例如： It says in the newspaper that the enemy has been defeated

8、. Drill 基础部分Choose the correct answer.1.Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? A. this B. that C. it D. he2.I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C. its D. it3. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. th

9、at C. he D. it4. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help. A. he B. which C. she D. it5. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It6. I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these

10、 D. them7. Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful.A. take as granted B. take this for grantedC. take that for granted D. take it for granted8. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A. this B. that C. it D. one提

11、高部分Choose the best answer.1. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office.A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that2. We took _ for granted that they would accept our advice.A. that B. this C. it D. them3. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?A. Is true B. Is it true C. Its true

12、D. Its truly4. _ doesnt matter much _ dress you are going to wear.A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who5. _ is going to America for further study.A. He is said that B. People said that heC. It was said he D. It is said that he6. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each

13、other so well.A. This B. That C. There D. It7. Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. this B. there C. that D. it8. She liked _ when he kissed her.A. him B. that C. one D. it9. _ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.A. It B. There C. Those D. One10. We think _ our duty to p

14、ay taxes to our government.A. that B. this C. its D. it进阶部分Translate the following sentences into English.1. 学一门外语非常重要。_2. 你昨天没尝杏仁蛋糕真遗憾。_3看来汤姆可能会改变主意。_4.他下周出国是真的吗？_5.从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？_Object Clause Pivots:1. 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。2. 宾语从句的时态： 1）.主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。 2）.主

15、句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。 3）.主句用过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。 3宾语从句的连接词1）从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that, if, whether. Athat引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, Bif和whether引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句. He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 2）连接代词 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whom

16、ever 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 3)连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didnt tell me when we should meet again. . 4.动词的宾语从句1)大多数动词都可以带宾语从句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. He told

17、us that they would help us through the whole work. 2) 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter. 有些动词带宾语从句

18、时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 5.介词的宾语从句1)用wh-类的介词宾语从句 The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 2)用that,if引导的介词宾语从句 3)有时

19、候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 6.形容词的宾语从句引导的形容词:sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 7. Transferred negation (转移式否定)主句的谓语动词是thi

20、nk,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont think he will come to my party. 注: 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? Drill 基础部分Choose the correct answer.( ) 1 The

21、 girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D.

22、are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled( ) 6. Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 7. I dont know _ they have p

23、assed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 8. I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 9. She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 10.I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.whe

24、n提高部分Choose the best answer.( ) 1. Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( ) 2. He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose( ) 3.They dont know _their parents are.A that B what C why D whichA that B what C why D which( ) 4.Please tell me _what

25、last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked ( ) 5.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 6. You must remember _.A. what your mother said B. what did your m

26、other say C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said( ) 7. Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after( ) 8. Could you tell me _?A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing C. when they will

27、leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing进阶部分Rewrite the following sentences as required.1Does MrBrown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子） Could you tell us _ MrBrown _ living in China？ 2“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me（变为复合句） He asked me _ the girl _ some help 3Jim is not a s

28、tudentTom is not a student，either（合并为一个句子） _ Jim _ Tom is a student 4When does the train leave？I want to know（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _ the train _ 5They went home after they had finished their homework（用notuntil改写） They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6Did Peter come here yesterday

29、？Li Lei wants to know（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday Find out the mistakes of the following sentences and correct them, mark T for correct sentences.Could you tell me where is Swan Hotel please._1. I dont know how many nectarines does he have？_2. Let me know whether he wi

30、ll come and not_3. Gary hasnt decided whether visit the summer palace._4. The teacher said that the earth moved round the sun_ 5. Im interested in whether she studies semiconductor as I want to learn something for it._写作假定你是Sam，希望通过外籍教师Peter找一个英语笔友。请写一封短信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：年龄；性别；爱好（旅

31、游、运动、宠物等）。注意：1词数150字以上； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3开头语已为你写好。 4. 文章需采用1个以上的object clause.Dear Peter,Im writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor._ 综合部分阅读理解Fluency(流利) in another language is one of the most important aims of a newcomer to another country. In addition, understanding the culture and

32、learning to communicate comfortably with people of that culture are as important as learning the rules of the language. Language learning and culture learning go together and may take a long time.Sometimes people feel that they understand a culture after a few weeks or months. People do learn a lot

33、when they first begin living in another culture, but this is only the first stage of learning. It usually involves things like learning everyday activities and some basic customs.To really understand another culture, people have to go beyond the first stage, This is challenge (挑战) because it is ofte

34、n difficult to know what to learn. Much of what we call “culture” is hard to see.Culture is like an iceberg. Picture in your mind a huge iceberg in the ocean. The only part of the iceberg that you see is the tip. You dont see the rest of the iceberg because it is hidden from sight in the water. It i

35、s easy to forget that it is there. Most of the iceberg is deep within the ocean, just as much of a culture is deep within its people.When you meet someone from another culture，certain culture differences are very clear: You hear another language or you hear your own language spoken with an accent. Y

36、ou see different foods, clothes and sometimes physical characteristics of people. You notice new customs or habits, such as the use of chopsticks, and, bowing or kissing on both cheeks as a greeting. These differences are interesting and important, but they are usually not too difficult to understan

37、d. They are visible so they are seen easily and quickly.The part of culture that is like the underwater part of the iceberg consists of assumptions (设想), communication styles, values, and beliefs about what is right and wrong. The hidden part of culture affects much of a persons way of thinking and

38、communicating. It is the meaning behind his or her verbal (言语的) and nonverbal language. Learning to communicate well with people from another culture involves becoming aware of the hidden part of culture.1.Whats the subject of this passage? A. Learning about culture. B. Language learning. C. The hid

39、den part of the iceberg. D. Fluency in another language.2.What is learning about culture? A. Learning the hidden part of the iceberg, which is underwater. B. Learning everyday activities and some basic customs. C. Learning the culture of an iceberg. D. Learning the visible and also the hidden differences of culture.3.Whats the writers opinion? A. Communicat