必修4第三单元导学案教师版

1、必修4 第二单元 导学案 学生用高一导学案 学科: 英语 Laughing is better than medicine. 必修4 Unit 3 A Taste of English HumourWarming Up（教师版）【学习目标】1. To know the punchline in jokes.2. To know some types of humour and typical actors/writers of English humour and Chinese humour.【重点难点】重点: To understand English humour.难点: Show yo

2、ur opinion about verbal or nonverbal humour, which do you like better.Enjoy two jokes and find their punchlines.1. POLICEMAN: Why did you have to break into the same shop three times?THIEF: Well, I stole a dress from that shop but my wife didnt like it. So I had to go back and change it twice.2. TEA

3、CHER: You say that John Jones has a cold and cannot come to school today. Who am I speaking to?VOICE: Oh , this is my father.Do you know how many kinds of humour?humourclownMime and farceVerbal jokenonverbalCross talksketchFunny storyIs humour helpful? Why?(1)Make people happy(2)Let people think abo

4、ut life(3)Give people determination to get through difficulties(4)A kind of wisdom in life查阅资料了解Charlie Chaplin, Mr. Bean, Edward Lear, Max Brother, Victor Hugo。（教师版）1. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. subject2. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing t

5、he rice output. object3. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. object4. However, he doesnt care about being famous. object5. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mahjong, swimming and reading. object6. Spending money on himself or lead

6、ing a comfortable life also means very little to him. subject7. Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. subject8. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people . object1. 动词-ing形式的构成: 是在动词末尾加-ing形式构成, 因此叫动词的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being

7、, ask-asking, etc. 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成2. 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3. 动词ing形式作主语和宾语动词ing形式既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。作为动名词，它具有动词的基本性质，因而可以有状语修饰它；及物动词的动名词还应有宾语，从而构成动名词短语；它也具有名词的基本性质，因而在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等。The ing form as the

8、Subject Object1作主语 动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 Learning new words is very important for me3)说比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如： Seeing is believing. Helping her is my

9、duty. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。 Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock这事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort想再解释一次有好处吗?Is it any good trying to explain?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant working with you用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，

10、作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。若要人不知，除非己莫为。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it这种事开不得玩笑。Here is no joking about such matter.无法知道他什么时候离开There was no knowing when he would leave. 在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do ”。动名词与不定式做主语时的比较：如：还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责

11、任，也是一种愉悦。As a child，she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me. 一直不做就是作恶。Doing nothing is doing ill他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”He said，“To go on like this is no use”我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。Its an honor for me to be i

12、nvited to the party动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如： Its no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。（指抽象动作） He realized that to go on like this was wrong.（指具体动作） 常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth do

13、ing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There is no doing 无法;不允许There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use doing做无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 做无意义我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a

14、silly thing. ：There is no need to do sth 做没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing. 没有必要告诉她。There is no need to tell her. 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made me worried.你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.Forgive my/me interrupting you.打扰了，请原谅。I knew nothing about the window bein

15、g open.我一点也不知道窗子是开着的。 ：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词构成或名词所有格构成或代词宾格构成词或名词构成。2、用作宾语 动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。如：我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考虑过找一位挚友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escap

16、e，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗? Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 People couldnt help laughing foolish man 这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:考

17、虑建议盼原谅，consider, suggest / advise ,look forward to ,pardon承认推迟没得想，admit, delay / put off , fancy避免错过继续练，avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise否认完成停能赏，deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate不禁介意准逃亡，cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape不准冒险凭想象。forbid , risk , imagine既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，s

18、tart，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。 A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。 B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。 我记得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter我会记着去寄信的。 Ill remember to post the letter我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 I

19、 shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了给你母亲写信。 Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。 I regret missing the report我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。 I regret to say I cant take your advice在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing继续做一直在做的事

20、；go on to do接着做另一件事。请接着做这同一个练习。Please go on doing the same exercise请做另外一个练习。Please go on to do the other exercisestop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。We stopped talking我们停了下来去谈话。We stopped to talk 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant

21、help + to do / doing 区别较大，须注意。 forget /regret /remember to do 将要发生的动作forget /regret /remember doing 已经发生的动作go on doing 继续做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下来去做别的事mean doing 意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事 try doing 试着做某事try to do 努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事cant help

22、 doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事1.I forgot _ writing_to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）2.I forgot _ to tell_ _her about it.我忘了要告诉。）3.I remember_ seeing_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）4.Remember _ to call_me tonight.(call)5.He regretted_ cheating_ in the exam.(cheat)6.I regret _ to say_that we cant stay here an

23、y longer(say)7.He stopped _ to smoke_and have a rest.(smoke) 8.He really must stop_ smoking_.9. I once tried _ to learn_French(learn)10.Lets try _ knocking_at the back door.(knock)11.I didnt to mean _ to hurt_your feeling.(hurt)12. This word means _ setting_out at once.(set)13.I cant help _ to clean

24、_the room.for I am too busy(clean)14.After hearing the joke, we cant help _ laughing_(laugh)15.Water is uesed to _ water_flowers(water)16.I am used to _ getting up_early.(get)17.Though it rained,they went on_ working_.(work)18.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _ to learn_P 2(Learn)作介词宾语动名词可与介词一起构成介

25、词短语。 A介词+动名词，如：我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。I apologize for being so angry with you.离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。 After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up动词+介词+动名词，如：我坚持为这次出行带足需要的

26、食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。Instead of smiling，each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She was very interested in working for our company下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to

27、等 下列动词可接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。need/want/require/deserve/worth doingneed/want/require/deserve/worth to be done需要/想要/值得(被做)The sick woman required examining(=to be examined).这位生病的妇女需要接受检查。Your hair wants cutting(=to be cut).你的头发该理了。The floor requires washing(=to be washed). 地板需要冲洗。 allow, adv

28、ise, forbid, permit, admit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit /admit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如： We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here 用所给动词的正确形式完成句子1. _ Collecting_（collect）stamps is my hobby.2. We are thinking of _ making _(make) a new plan for the next term. 3. _

29、 To see _(see) is to believe.4. It is necessary _ to come_(come) on time.5. I know who is responsible for _ breaking _ (break) the window. 6. Would you mind my _ closing_(close) the window?7. She was lucky enough to miss being hit (hit)by the car8.It is a waste of time _ persuading _(persuade) such

30、a person to join us.9. Im proud of your_ being admitted_(admit) into the university. 10. She likes swimming （swim）but she doesnt like to swim （swim）this afternoonShed like to swim（swim）some other day11. Its no use looking (look) forward to hearing (hear) from her soon12. It is my duty _ to help_ ( h

31、elp) them out.13. He attended the party without _ being invited_(invite).14_ Raising_(raise) your hat to a lady is good manners.15_ Learning_(learn) some new words is not difficult for me.16He was not aware of _ having done_ (do) wrong.17We would appreciate_ hearing_ (hear) from you.18_ Being expose

32、d _ (expose) to the sun will make you burnt.Translation1.出国旅行是很激动人心的。Travelling abroad is very exciting.2 在这儿等是没用的, 我们走吧。Its no use waiting here. Lets go.3 我记得在哪里见过他。I remember seeing her somewhere.4 我后悔没听你的劝告。I regret not following your advice.5 帮助别人就是帮助你自己。Helping others means helping yourself.高考试

33、题赏析2013年高考英语【上海卷】34. Young people may risk _ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.A. to go B. to have goneC. going D. having gone【解析】34. 答案：C解析：题干的意思是：“年轻人如果每天都接触非常嘈杂的音乐，就可能有失聪的危险”。因为risk后用动名词做宾语，先排除A，B。D选项having gone完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，显然不对，只是有可能失聪，并未发生。2013年高考英语【福建卷】22. _ basic first

34、-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.A. KnownB. Having known C. KnowingD. Being known【解析】22. C。本题考查非谓语动词。will help是句子的谓语部分，_ basic first-aid techniques是句子的主语部分，其逻辑主语是you，与Known构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing做主语。D是被动关系。【句意】掌握基本的急救技能将会有助于你在遇到紧急情况时迅速做出反应。2013年高考英语【浙江卷】7. _ how others react to

35、the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.A Hearing B. HearC. Having heard D. To be hearing 【解析】A。考查非谓语动词。本题关键要分析句子结构，先找谓语动词creates排除B，后找主语，这里应该用动名词做主语，to be hearing不能作主语，排除D， having done强调先后顺序， heaving heard的意思是“先听到，后添加一份喜悦”,故排除C。【句意】听到别人对你刚读过的书做出怎样的反应能多添加一份喜悦。典型例题1. _ such heavy pollut

36、ion already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. That D. Suffered精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to ” 和 “already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。2. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giv

37、ing D. Having given解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given ，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。3. - The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或

38、原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除； B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。 4. Was it _ the product on CCTV that made the company the focus of the country then?Aadvertised Bhaving advertised Cto advertise Dadvertising【解析】这是一个强调句，其中 advertising the product on CCT

39、V 是其真正的主语。句意为：在中央电视台做这个产品的广告使这个公司成为当时全国的焦点了吗？【答案】D5. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan before hand.Ahis being not able Bhim not to be able Chis not being able Dhim to be not able【解析】考查动名词的复合结构。题干中的介词 for 决定了后面要跟动名词作宾语，故排除B、D项。动名词的复合结构作宾语时，其逻辑主语可以是 his 或 him，但否定词 not 必须放在

40、动名词的前面，故排除A项，答案是C。【答案】C6. I have to go to work on foot，for my bike needs _.Arepair Bto repair Crepairing Dbeing repaired【解析】need作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。类似用法的词还有want，require，deserve等。【答案】C7. Its no use _ me believe you.Ato try making Btrying to make Cto try to make Dtrying making【解析】Its

41、no use doing sth.“做某事没有用的”，为固定用法，此处it作形式主语，后面的动词ing是真正的主语，故排除A、C项；try to do sth.“设法尽力去做某事”；try doing sth.“试着做某事”，根据句意“设法努力让我相信你是没有用的”，可知选B。【答案】B8. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.AThe president will attend BThe president to attendCThe president attended DThe presidents

42、attending【解析】结合语境分析句子结构，所填空处连同其后的the meeting himself应该为句子的主语部分，故首先排除A、C两项；因句子的时态为一般过去时，总经理亲自参加会议是指过去的动作而非将要参加的会议，故排除B；D项为动名词的复合结构作主语。【答案】D单项填空1Isnt it time you got down to_ the papers?Amark Bbe marked Cbeing marked Dmarking2What do you think made Mary so upset?_her new bicycle.AAs she lost BLost CLo

43、sing DBecause of losing3The bird was so lucky that it just missed_.Ato catch Bcatching Cto be catching Dbeing caught4It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular，and_ better ones of your own.Aintroduces Bto introduce Cintroducing Dintroduced5There is_ what the weather will be li

44、ke.Anot knowing Bno knowing Cnot know Dno known6_to the station on time made everyone worried last week.AHim not getting BNot his getting CHis not getting DNot him getting7Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried_ alone，but she didnt like it and moved back home. Aliving Bto live Cto

45、be living Dhaving lived8China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from_ in the South China Sea.(2012福建，28)Aattacking Bhaving attacked Cbeing attacked Dhaving been attacked 9One learns a language by making mistakes and_ them.(2012北京，23)Acor

46、rects Bcorrect Cto correct Dcorrecting10Its no use_ without taking action.(2011上海，27)Acomplain Bcomplaining Cbeing complained Dto be complaine 牛刀小试1. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations. A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined2. My

47、wife said in her letter that she would appreciate _ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing3. The thief took away the womans wallet without_ A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him4. Ive enjoyed _ to talk with you. A. to be able B. being able C. to been a

48、ble D. of being able5. No one can avoid _ by advertisements. A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having influence6. Your shirt needs _. Youd better have it done today. A. iron B. to iron C. ironing D. being ironed7. You cant help _ commercials; every few minutes the program is

49、interrupted to give you one advertisement or another. A. to hear B. to be hear C. hearing D. with hearing 8. He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers. A. to write; to receive B. writing; to receive C. writing; receiving D. to write; for receiving9. Please stop _, boys, I have somet

50、hing important to _ you. A. saying; talk B. telling; say C. talking; speak D. talking; tell10. “Why were you so late for work today?”“_ to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.” A. Driving B. I drove C. To drive D. That I drove11. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month?

51、 Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C.borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing12. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning13.Jack said that he wouldnt mind for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited14. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B